| 1. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 2. |
- Alanwar, Amr, et al.
(författare)
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Distributed set-based observers using diffusion strategies
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of the Franklin Institute. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-0032 .- 1879-2693. ; 360:10, s. 6976-6993
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose two distributed set-based observers using strip-based and set-propagation approaches for linear discrete-time dynamical systems with bounded modeling and measurement uncertainties. Both algorithms utilize a set-based diffusion step, which decreases the estimation errors and the size of estimated sets, and can be seen as a lightweight approach to achieve partial consensus between the distributed estimated sets. Every node shares its measurement with its neighbor in the measurement update step. In the diffusion step, the neighbors intersect their estimated sets using our novel lightweight zonotope intersection technique. A localization example demonstrates the applicability of our algorithms.
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| 3. |
- Alanwar, Amr, et al.
(författare)
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Privacy-preserving set-based estimation using partially homomorphic encryption
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Control. - : Elsevier BV. - 0947-3580 .- 1435-5671. ; 71, s. 100786-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The set-based estimation has gained a lot of attention due to its ability to guarantee state enclosures for safety-critical systems. However, collecting measurements from distributed sensors often requires out-sourcing the set-based operations to an aggregator node, raising many privacy concerns. To address this problem, we present set-based estimation protocols using partially homomorphic encryption that pre-serve the privacy of the measurements and sets bounding the estimates. We consider a linear discrete-time dynamical system with bounded modeling and measurement uncertainties. Sets are represented by zonotopes and constrained zonotopes as they can compactly represent high-dimensional sets and are closed under linear maps and Minkowski addition. By selectively encrypting parameters of the set repre-sentations, we establish the notion of encrypted sets and intersect sets in the encrypted domain, which enables guaranteed state estimation while ensuring privacy. In particular, we show that our protocols achieve computational privacy using the cryptographic notion of computational indistinguishability. We demonstrate the efficiency of our approach by localizing a real mobile quadcopter using ultra-wideband wireless devices.
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