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- Thomas, HS, et al.
(författare)
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- 2019
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
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| 4. |
- Drake, TM, et al.
(författare)
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Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children: an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMJ global health. - : BMJ. - 2059-7908. ; 5:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings.MethodsA multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI).ResultsOf 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45·1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34·2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20·6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12·8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24·7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI.ConclusionThe odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda.
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| 6. |
- van Rheenen, W, et al.
(författare)
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Common and rare variant association analyses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis identify 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 53:12, s. 1636-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with a lifetime risk of one in 350 people and an unmet need for disease-modifying therapies. We conducted a cross-ancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 29,612 patients with ALS and 122,656 controls, which identified 15 risk loci. When combined with 8,953 individuals with whole-genome sequencing (6,538 patients, 2,415 controls) and a large cortex-derived expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) dataset (MetaBrain), analyses revealed locus-specific genetic architectures in which we prioritized genes either through rare variants, short tandem repeats or regulatory effects. ALS-associated risk loci were shared with multiple traits within the neurodegenerative spectrum but with distinct enrichment patterns across brain regions and cell types. Of the environmental and lifestyle risk factors obtained from the literature, Mendelian randomization analyses indicated a causal role for high cholesterol levels. The combination of all ALS-associated signals reveals a role for perturbations in vesicle-mediated transport and autophagy and provides evidence for cell-autonomous disease initiation in glutamatergic neurons.
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| 7. |
- Johan Skarpeid, Alv, et al.
(författare)
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Non-constant geometric curvature for tailored spin-orbit coupling and chirality in superconductor-magnet heterostructures
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 36:23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We show that tailoring the geometric curvature profile of magnets can be used for bespoke design of an effective non-relativistic spin-orbit coupling, which may be used to control proximity effects if the magnet is coupled to a superconductor. We consider proximity-coupled one-dimensional magnetic wires with variable curvatures, specifically three distinct shapes classified as J-, C-, and S-type. We demonstrate a chirality-dependent spin polarization of the superconducting correlations, and show the role of curvature in determining the ground state of mixed-chirality junctions. We speculate on how this may be implemented in novel device design, and include analysis of its usage in a spin-triplet SQUID.
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| 8. |
- Salamone, Tancredi, et al.
(författare)
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Curvature control of the superconducting proximity effect in diffusive ferromagnetic nanowires
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 105:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coupling a conventional s-wave superconductor to a ferromagnet allows us, via the proximity effect, to generate superconducting triplet correlations. This feature can be employed to achieve a superconducting triplet spin-valve effect in superconductor-ferromagnet (SF) hybrid structures, for example by switching the magnetizations of the ferromagnets between parallel and antiparallel configurations in F1SF2 and SF1F2 trilayers, or in SF bilayers with both Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling (SOC). It was recently reported that geometric curvature can control the generation of long-ranged triplets. We use this property to show that the superconducting critical temperature of an SF hybrid nanowire can be tuned by varying the curvature of the ferromagnetic side alone, with no need of another ferromagnet or SOC. We show that the variation of the critical temperature as a function of the curvature can be exploited to obtain a robust, curvature-controlled, superconducting triplet spin-valve effect. Furthermore, we perform an analysis with the inclusion of spin-orbit coupling and explain how it modifies the spin-valve effect both quantitatively and qualitatively.
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| 9. |
- Salamone, Tancredi, et al.
(författare)
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High magnetic field superconductivity in a two-band superconductor
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 107:17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a mechanism allowing for superconductivity at high magnetic fields, beyond the Pauli-Chandrasekhar-Clogston limit. We consider spin splitting induced by an in-plane external magnetic field in a superconductor with two relevant bands close to the Fermi level. The magnetic field therefore controls which bands are available for Cooper pair formation. The presence of interband superconducting pairing, i.e., Cooper pairs formed by electrons with different band indices, produces high-field reentrant superconducting domains, whose critical magnetic field violates the Pauli-Chandrasekhar-Clogston limit. We analyze how the interband superconducting domains are influenced by the band parameters, and show that, for a certain range of parameters, the system presents two separate superconducting regions, for low and high magnetic field.
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| 10. |
- Salamone, Tancredi, et al.
(författare)
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Interface probe for antiferromagnets using geometric curvature
- 2024
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 109:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose that geometric curvature and torsion may be used to probe the quality of an uncompensated antiferromagnetic interface, using the proximity effect. We study a helix of antiferromagnetic wire coupled to a conventional superconductor, and show that a density of states measurement can give information about the quality of an uncompensated interface, crucial for many recently predicted antiferromagnetic proximity effects. Furthermore, we show that geometric curvature alone can result in long-ranged superconducting triplet correlations in the antiferromagnet, and we discuss the impact curvature and torsion can have on the future development of superconducting spintronic devices.
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