| 1. |
- Al-Ansari, Nadhir, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
-
Tigris River Water Quality Quantifying Using the Iraq Water Quality Index (IraqWQI) and Some Statistical Techniques
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Engineering. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 1947-3931 .- 1947-394X. ; 16:06, s. 149-166
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evaluation of water quality is important for the management of water resources. The current study is focused on the interpretation of the water quality monitoring data of the Tigris River in Iraq by the application of the principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA), and water quality index (WQI). Twelve water quality parameters were taken from 14 stations along the river Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl−, SO2−4SO42− , HCO−3HCO3− , NO−3NO3− , TH, TDS, BOD5, and EC to apply the PCA and CA. The results show that the mean of all the parameters was under the standards except Ca2+, EC, Mg2+, TH, and SO2−4SO42− . The amount of EC is the critical factor that affects the river water quality. The PCA obtained one principal component responsible for 97% of the variation caused by different pollution sources. The CA divided the river into three regions of sampling stations with similar water quality, the best in the north, and the worst in the far south. In this paper, the computer-automated tool (IraqWQI) was presented and evaluated, which has been developed by authors to classify and measure the quality of Iraqi surface water. The proposed index is of hundred degrees and includes six variables for drinking water quality Cl−, TH, TDS, COD, DO, and total coliform (TC) according to the Iraqi specifications. The result of the IraqWQI application showed a decrease in the water quality of the river and its suitability for drinking in the south of the country. The best value of the index was (81.48, Good) in Fishkhabour during winter, and the worst value was (46.23, Bad) in Qurnah during summer. The result of this study proved the success and importance of using statistical techniques and WQI as useful tools for the management, control, and conservation of surface water.
|
|
| 2. |
- Al-Mutawqi, Kareem Ghafel, et al.
(författare)
-
Hydrogeochemical processes and evaluation of groundwater in Al-Salman area - Iraqi Southern Desert
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Water and Land Development. - : Polish Academy of Sciences. - 1429-7426. ; 50, s. 220-228
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A field survey has been conducted for the study area using the Global Positioning System (GPS) and geological and geomorphological maps of the area. The study area is one of the important areas in Iraq characterized by scarce water resources. The purpose of the study is to determine the hydro-chemical processes and their relationship to groundwater quality carried out in the southwestern desert region of Iraq, where the region lacks extensive studies of water resources. Twenty-eight groundwater samples were collected from wells distributed between the eastern borders of Saudi Arabia and the West Bank of the Euphrates River. For the purpose of hydrogeochemical analyses, the Fetter method was used to collect and examine samples. A large part of the recharge area is located in Saudi Arabia, where the groundwater bearing aquifer represented by the Dammam formation extends to Iraq and Saudi Arabian International borders. The analysis determined the order of cations (Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+) and anions (Cl- > SO42- > HCO3-). High values of the variation coefficient (CV) correspond to the concentration of potassium, sodium and chloride ions (CV: 68.7, 64.7 and 64 respectively). To identify the hydrochemical water facies, the Piper diagram was used. It was found that 53% of the water samples belong to the Na-Cl type and 40% are of the Ca-Mg-Cl type, while the rest of the samples are the Ca-Cl type. To identify geochemical processes, it was found that ion exchange processes via chloroalkaline indices 1 and 2 are prevalent between Ca2+, Mg2+ in the groundwater and Na+, K+ in water bearing rocks. To learn more about the processes that led to the concentration of certain ions, such as sodium, it was found that they tend to be of silicate minerals related to surface runoff of water in recharge areas and carbonic rocks. It was also found that rock/soil-groundwater interaction and evaporation processes were the formal processes in the saturated zone and evaporation in the unsaturated zone are prevalent processes of groundwater ion concentration.
|
|
| 3. |
- Marhoon, Khitam Abbas, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessment of the trophic status at Al-Sabil River using the trophic indices in Al-Shinafiya district, Southern Iraq
- 2020
-
Ingår i: EurAsian Journal of BioSciences. - Turkey : Foundation for Enviromental Protection and Research. - 1307-9867. ; 14:2, s. 5661-5667
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study was conducted to determine the quality of the water of Al- Sabil River in Al-Shinafiya district, Province of Al- Diwaniyah, for the period from September 2018 to August 2019. Three sites were selected along the river, a quantitative and qualitative study of the diatoms as well as its indices to assess the quality of water in the river, such as trophic diatom Index (TDI), Trophic State Index (TSI), Diatomic Index (DI), and General Diatoms Index (GDI). The current study was diagnosed about 136 species of diatoms at three sites, where the central diatoms was 12 species while the pannals diatoms reached 124 species, and recorded total numbers of diatoms (35453.8, 29447.2 and 36504.76) cell*310/L, and rates (2954.48, 2453.93 and 3042.06) cells*310/L for the three locations respectively, as shown by the results of the trophic diatom Index(TDI) values ranged from (23.33 to 55.54) and the values of Trophic State Index (TSI) ranged from (0.07 to 0.81) and the Diatomic Index (DI) values ranged from (9.08 to 16.20) and the values of the General Diatoms Index (GDI) ranged from (2.23 to 3.17). It was noted that the water quality was Oligotrophic to Mesotrophic based on TDI and TSI, while its moderate to Good based on DI and GDI, and concluded that the higher the evidence values indicated that the water quality tended to be good, free or low pollution, suitable for living well, and that water was few nutrients, while its low values indicated the deterioration of the water quality in the river.
|
|
