| 1. |
- Andhill, Carl Johan, et al.
(författare)
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ViPCity
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Today simulation studies in ViP are mainly carried out in countryside driving environments. There is a lack of city environments. This is probably due to the fact that creating and running countryside environments in some aspects are easier than creating and running city environments. Another reason might be that countryside driving is very relevant in Swedish studies.As projects, and markets, become more international the need for city simulator studies becomes more important. Many drivers around the world do most of their driving in cities.In the ViPCity project software has been developed which facilitates the generation of driving environments for city simulations on the ViP platform. The project result is a number of assets (software, file formats and 3D components) which integrates well with the ViP platform. These assets together give simulator users the possibility to design city environments in a fast and easy way. The software has been implemented and tested successfully in Scania’s truck simulator.
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| 2. |
- Anund, Anna, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Night-time scenarios in simulators : a prestudy of needs, knowledge and possible solutions
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The study in this publication investigates the need and potential for night-time scenarios in driving simulators, determines how such night-time scenarios could be reproduced and identifies the objects most important to reproduce. Although on average 12 out of every 24 hours are dark and considering that most situations are more demanding for drivers in dark conditions, simulations of driving scenarios with different degrees of darkness are not common. The project work comprised a pre-study that involved an investigation of the need and potential of night-time scenarios with the help of input from different stakeholders, consolidation of what is known up to now through benchmarking and state of the art, and a review of available technical solutions. The objective was to identify pros and cons with existing solutions and aspects that are important to consider in order to reproduce the most important components in realistic night-time scenarios. Based on the results, six important use cases were identified and two of these (‘Driver fatigue’ and ‘Objects without light sources’) were studied in more detail. It was concluded that for night-time scenarios there is enough darkness in general in the simulator environment. The question is whether it is possible to create sufficient contrast for objects that are meant to be observable. For daytime scenarios, the light levels in the simulator are clearly unrealistically low and this limitation might even trigger unwanted sleepiness.
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| 3. |
- Gong, Liang, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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A Novel VR Tool for Collaborative Planning of Manufacturing Process Change using Point Cloud Data
- 2017
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Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 63, s. 336-341
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today, manufacturing industry is facing increasing demands of customized products and global competition. Companies need constant and efficient changes in manufacturing process to meet the challenges and to stay competitive. However, a successful manufacturing process change is not easy to accomplish due to the fact that any change in the manufacturing system will affect various actors involved. Previous research has shown that active engagement of all involved actors in the planning phase improves the quality and success rate of the manufacturing process change outcome. The conventional supporting tools used mostly in this process such as documentation tools for text, numbers and static pictures typically requires an experienced user to be fully understood. Thus, some of the involved actors are not able to participate in the manufacturing process change (MPC) on equal terms.Over the last decade, the advancement of virtual technologies has shown the potential to improve the quality and efficiency of the planning of MPCs. Specifically, 3D laser scanning technologies can produce realistic virtual representation of factory environment with rapid point cloud data capturing. Immersive experience with rich context in combination with e.g. the virtual reality head-mounted display (VR HMD) could be provided, which is beneficial in the assessment and usable for several actors.This paper presents a novel supporting tool for the MPC design and planning, which incorporates point cloud data of real-world truck factories visualized using VR HMD technologies. It provides a collaborative and immersive environment for all involved actors to actively contribute in the MPC process. Tests and interviews have been conducted with various actors from industry for evaluation and validation of the proposed tool and its findings. The test data were analyzed and discussed with regard to the benefits and problems found as well as potential for future research studies and development.
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| 4. |
- Habibovic, Azra, et al.
(författare)
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Communicating Intent of Automated Vehicles to Pedestrians.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - Lausanne : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While traffic signals, signs, and road markings provide explicit guidelines for those operating in and around the roadways, some decisions, such as determinations of "who will go first," are made by implicit negotiations between road users. In such situations, pedestrians are today often dependent on cues in drivers' behavior such as eye contact, postures, and gestures. With the introduction of more automated functions and the transfer of control from the driver to the vehicle, pedestrians cannot rely on such non-verbal cues anymore. To study how the interaction between pedestrians and automated vehicles (AVs) might look like in the future, and how this might be affected if AVs were to communicate their intent to pedestrians, we designed an external vehicle interface called automated vehicle interaction principle (AVIP) that communicates vehicles' mode and intent to pedestrians. The interaction was explored in two experiments using a Wizard of Oz approach to simulate automated driving. The first experiment was carried out at a zebra crossing and involved nine pedestrians. While it focused mainly on assessing the usability of the interface, it also revealed initial indications related to pedestrians' emotions and perceived safety when encountering an AV with/without the interface. The second experiment was carried out in a parking lot and involved 24 pedestrians, which enabled a more detailed assessment of pedestrians' perceived safety when encountering an AV, both with and without the interface. For comparison purposes, these pedestrians also encountered a conventional vehicle. After a short training course, the interface was deemed easy for the pedestrians to interpret. The pedestrians stated that they felt significantly less safe when they encountered the AV without the interface, compared to the conventional vehicle and the AV with the interface. This suggests that the interface could contribute to a positive experience and improved perceived safety in pedestrian encounters with AVs - something that might be important for general acceptance of AVs. As such, this topic should be further investigated in future studies involving a larger sample and more dynamic conditions.
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| 5. |
- Koohnavard, Tina, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Driving Simulator Studies - Opportunities to Elicit Important Knowledge from Experienced Truck Drivers
- 2017
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Ingår i: NORDIC ERGONOMICS SOCIETY ANNUAL CONFERENCE. ; , s. 321-327
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twelve experienced truck drivers participated in a driving simulator study with the overall aim to develop further knowledge on how driving postures are influenced by cab design features (e.g. head-up display and camera monitoring system (CMS). Objective data was collected on drivers' posture and subjective data on their experience of driving as well as thoughts on the new designs. The subjective data and the experience of the truck drivers brought additional value to the simulator studies in terms the pros and cons of different designs but also of suggestions how to improve the realism of the simulator; and reflections on drivers' behaviour in situations that did not exist in the simulator.
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| 6. |
- Malmsten Lundgren, Victor, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Will There Be New Communication Needs When Introducing Automated Vehicles to the Urban Context?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319416816 - 9783319416823 ; , s. 485-497
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In today’s encounters with vehicles, pedestrians are often dependent on cues in drivers’ behavior such as eye contact, postures, and gestures. With an increased level of automation, and the transfer of control from the driver to the vehicle, the pedestrians cannot rely on such cues anymore. The question is: will there be new communication needs to warrant safe interactions with automated vehicles? This question is addressed by exploring pedestrians’ willingness to cross the street and their emotional state in encounters with a seemingly automated vehicle. The results show that pedestrians’ willingness to cross the street decrease with an inattentive driver. Eye contact with the driver on the other hand leads to calm interaction between vehicle and pedestrian. In conclusion, to sustain perceived safety when eye contact is discarded due to vehicle automation, it could be beneficial to provide pedestrians with the corresponding information in some other way (e.g., by means of an external vehicle interface).
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| 7. |
- Ohlson, Erik, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of a Movable Truck Driving Simulation Tool – Comparing Truck Drivers’ Sitting Postures in a Simulator and in Field Truck Driving.
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study was formed to validate the functionality of a movable truck driving simulation tool. The research questions aimed to detect areas of use for the simulation tool, and investigate how well the simulator was consistent with a real truck cabin in terms of realism and postural behavior among truck drivers. Nine truck drivers were included in two different driving scenarios, one field trial and one trial in the truck driving simulation tool. All participants were interviewed after each test scenario. The validation study implied that the truck simulation tool could be used to study postural behavior in dynamic driving situations, taking into account that minor improvements need to be fulfilled to increase the sense of realism and minimize the effect of nausea.
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