| 1. |
- Kallberg, Maria, 1964-
(författare)
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'The Emperor's New Clothes' Recordkeeping in a New Context
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis examines if and how information capture and documentation practices and the function of the public archive are changing in relation to archival concepts in contemporary administrative settings, as a result of e-government strategic development. The study aims for a holistic approach from the beginning of the life of the records to their long-term preservation.This research is situated in Sweden where the recordkeeping legislation takes a holistic approach: records management is understood as a dimension of the archival function and therefore records managers have not been recognised as a professional group, however recordkeeping practice involves two occupational groups: registrars and archivists. Swedish recordkeeping legislation is based on long administrative traditions in which the public right of free access to official documents is fundamental. Registration of official documents is important as the means of facilitating the citizens´ right to free access information and registrars are primarily responsible for this process, including classification. Archivists manage the full range of recordkeeping tasks, acting not only as custodians of repositories but also strategic experts on recordkeeping as well as auditing on behalf of the archival authority. The archive legally consists of all the ‘official documents’ created or received in the organisation.This is an explorative and documented case study that used several local government bodies (municipalities) for the data collection by document analysis and interviews. Swedish municipalities are particularly interesting because they are autonomous in relation to the national government, with complex organisational structures consisting of several politically controlled committees and administrative departments that implement political decisions and provide services to the public. The National Archives does not have any supervisory role or monitoring function over local governments, but it does publish guidelines on recordkeeping. Nevertheless, the municipalities are controlled to a large extent by the implemented policies decided at national level by the Government and Parliament. Therefore, national initiatives regarding e-government have impacted on the municipalities’ recordkeeping.A theoretical lens combining archival science and theory of professions has been chosen to analyse the observed changes in practice. The thesis analyses the issue of recordkeeping awareness in three arenas: the legal arena; the political arena; and the workplace arena in the light of the records continuum model.The research findings demonstrate a gap between the legal and workplace arenas caused by lack of recordkeeping awareness primarily within the political arena. Despite the holistic view of keeping archives expressed in the recordkeeping legislation, observed practice appears closer to a life cycle model than proactive continuum thinking and planning. A lack of recordkeeping legislation awareness in the wider organisation is potentially leading to a division between records management and archives management, jeopardising the continuum approach. Consequently registrars may in the future become more like records managers and archivists may be losing part of their professional jurisdiction. There is a strong focus on business benefits to the organisation rather than the wider view of democratic values and cultural heritage. As a result: archivists seem to suffer a lack of resources as well as skills in order to carry out their responsibilities. The future role of archival authorities such as the National Archives is unclear.
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| 2. |
- Samuelsson, Göran S., 1967-
(författare)
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In situ remediation of contaminated sediments using thin-layer capping : efficiency in contaminant retention and ecological implications
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) often reside in sediments sorbed to particles, most tightly to particles with high content of organic carbon. If persistent, such pollutants can accumulate in the sediment for many years and constitute a contamination risk for sediment-living organisms and organisms at higher trophic levels, including humans.Since traditional remediation techniques are associated with complications (e.g. release of contaminants during dredging operations, disturbance of benthic faunal communities), or constraints (handling of large amounts of contaminated sediment and water, limitations due to depth and size of the area, high costs), there is a need for new alternative methods.In situ remediation through thin-layer capping (a few centimeter cover) with a sorbing material such as activated carbon (AC) has been proposed as an alternative remediation method. Compared to traditional remediation techniques, AC amendment in a thin layer means less material handling and lower costs and is assumed to be less disruptive to benthic communities. The objectives of this thesis were to investigate the ecological effects from thin layer capping as well as the efficiency in contaminant retention.Thin layer capping amended with AC proved to reduce availability of HOCs to the tested organisms, the gastropod Nassarius nitidus (Paper II), the clam Abra nitida (Paper III) and to polychaete worms (Paper II and III). The remediation technique also decreased the sediment-to-water fluxes of the contaminants (Paper II and III).However, AC amended thin-layer capping was also found to cause negative biological effects. In laboratory studies with only a few species the negative effects were minor, or difficult to discern with the endpoints used (Paper II and III). In a larger multi-species mesocosm (boxcore) study, on the other hand, the negative effects were more prominent (Paper I) and in a large scale field study the benthic community was found to be profoundly disturbed by the AC amendment, with the effects persisting or even worsening ca one year (14 months) post amendment (Paper IV).
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| 3. |
- Sjöström, Malin, 1973-
(författare)
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Internet-based treatment of stress urinary incontinence : treatment outcome, patient satisfaction, and cost-effectiveness
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is the leakage of urine when coughing, sneezing, or on exertion. It affects 10-35% of women, and can impair quality of life (QOL). First-line treatment is pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT). However, access barriers and embarrassment may prevent women from seeking care. There is a need for new, easily accessible ways to provide treatment.Aim To evaluate the treatment outcome, patient satisfaction, and cost-effectiveness of an Internet- based treatment programme for SUI.Methods We recruited 250 community-dwelling women aged 18-70 years, with SUI ≥1/week via our website. Participants were randomised to 3 months of PFMT with either an Internet-based programme (n=124), or a programme sent by post (n=126). We had no-face-to face contact with the participants, but the Internet group received individually tailored e-mail support from an urotherapist. Treatment outcome was evaluated after 4 months with intention-to-treat analysis. After treatment, we telephoned a strategic selection of participants (Internet n=13, postal n=8) to interview them about their experiences, and analysed the results according to grounded theory principles. We also performed a cost-utility analysis with a 1-year societal perspective, comparing the treatment programmes with each other and with a no-treatment alternative. To scrutinize our measure of QOL, we performed a reliability study of the ICIQ-LUTSqol questionnaire.Results Participants in both intervention groups achieved highly significant improvements (p<0.001) with large effect sizes (>0.8) in the primary outcomes symptom score (ICIQ-UI SF: mean change Internet 3.4 [SD 3.4], postal 2.9 [3.1]), and condition-specific QOL (ICIQ-LUTSqol: mean change Internet 4.8 [SD 6.1], postal 4.6 [SD 6.7]); however, the differences between the groups were not significant. Compared with the postal group, more participants in the Internet group perceived they were much or very much improved after treatment (40.9%, vs. 26.5%, p=0.01), reduced their use of incontinence aids (59.5% vs. 41.4%, p=0.02), and indicated satisfaction with the treatment programme (84.8% vs. 62.9%, p<0.001).Results from the interviews fell into three categories: about life with SUI and barriers to seeking care; about the treatments and the patient-provider relationship; about the sense of empowerment many women experienced. A core category emerged: “Acknowledged but not exposed.”The extra cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained through use of the Internet-based programme compared with the postal programme was €200. The extra cost per QALY for the Internet-based programme compared with no treatment was €30,935.The condition-specific questionnaire ICIQ-LUTSqol is reliable in women with SUI, with high degrees of agreement between overall scores (Intraclass correlation coefficient 0.95, p<0.001).Conclusion Internet-based treatment for SUI is a new, effective, and patient-appreciated treatment alternative, which can increase access to care in a sustainable way.
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| 4. |
- Burén, Stefan, 1979-
(författare)
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Targeting and function of CAH1 : Characterization of a novel protein pathway to the plant cell chloroplast
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The chloroplast is the organelle within a plant cell where photosynthesis takes place. This organelle originates from a cyanobacterium that was engulfed by a eukaryotic cell. During the transition from endosymbiont to organelle most of the cyanobacterial genes were transferred to the nuclear genome of the host cell, resulting in a chloroplast with a much reduced genome that requires massive import of gene products (proteins) back to the organelle. The majority of these proteins are translated in the cytosol as pre-proteins containing targeting information that directs them to a translocon complex in the chloroplast envelope, the Toc-Tic system, through which these proteins are transported. We have identified a protein in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, CAH1, that is trafficked via the endomembrane system (ER/Golgi apparatus) to the chloroplast instead of using the Toc-Tic machinery. This transport is partly mediated by canonical vesicle trafficking elements involved in ER to Golgi transport, such as Sar1 and RabD GTPases. Analysis of point mutated variants of CAH1 showed that both N-linked glycans and an intra-molecular disulphide bridge are required for correct folding, trafficking and function of the protein. Since chloroplasts lack N-glycosylation machinery, we propose that a route for chloroplast proteins that require endomembrane-specific post-translational modifications for their functionality exists as a complement to the Toc-Tic system. We also show that mutant plants with disrupted CAH1 gene expression have reduced rates of CO2 uptake and accumulate lower amounts of starch compared to wild-type plants, indicating an important function of the CAH1 protein for the photosynthetic capacity of Arabidopsis. Further study of CAH1 will not only be important to reveal its role in photosynthesis, but characterization of this novel protein pathway to the chloroplast can also shed light on how the plant cell evolved and clarify the purpose of keeping several chloroplast import pathways working in parallel. In addition, knowledge about this pathway could increase the opportunities for using plants as bio-factories for production of recombinant glycoproteins, which make up the vast majority of the bio-pharmaceutical molecules.
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| 5. |
- Hellmer, Erica, 1980-
(författare)
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Att bevara för att använda? : Om användares och användninges betydelse i arkivet
- 2023
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In times of increasing demands of access and use of records and archives, among the current political and private initiatives of both efficiency and innovation, and among developments of e-services and digitalization, new participatory initiatives are created. In the current times, as both users and potential users are gaining bigger roles as co-creators of records, it sets new demands on how these participatory perspectives could be contextualized in the archival practice.The aim of the thesis was to extend the knowledge of users, use of archives and archival records. Presented in the thesis, several studies have been conducted with the purpose of exploring how users and use are described in the literature of archival science, how use have been considered by different professions when analogue processes turn digital, and exploring what dictates the need of use. The studies have had a qualitative stance where the methods of data collection have consisted of interviews and a group interview, a focus group, a systematic literature review, and a participatory observation.The results show that the development of e-services is based on the need of the end-users/customers and that there is a risk that the role of the archival profession may disappear behind political incentives. Results also show that ‘user’ is a concept that is utterly bound to the heterogeneous contexts in which they are conceptualized, and that the user studies conducted within the archival domain elucidates the importance of gaining knowledge of the users’ perception and behavior. The thesis also shows that the concept of societal embeddedness as an analytical tool can be used to visualize the need of use of records. This can be used as a way to describe and contextualize the user perspective in a broader societal context.
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| 6. |
- Klareld, Ann-Sofie, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Fem röster om projektet GoInfo
- 2015
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Ingår i: Arkiv. - : Svensk arkivtidskrift. - 2001-1555. ; , s. 14-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Samuelsson, Göran, 1967-
(författare)
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In situ remediation of contaminated sediments using thin-layer capping : effectiveness in contaminant retention and ecological implications
- 2012
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) often reside in sediment sorbed to particles, most tightly to particles with high content of organic carbon. If persistent, such pollutants can accumulate in the sediment for many years and constitute a contamination risk for sediment-living organisms and organisms at higher trophic levels, including humans. Awareness of the problem has brought many countries to start remediation initiatives to clean up sediments. Since traditional remediation techniques are associated with complications (e.g. release of contaminants, disruptive to benthic communities), or constraints (handling of large amounts of contaminated material, expensive, size and depth limitations), there is a need for new effective alternatives. In situ remediation through thin-layer capping (a few centimeter cover) with a sorbing material such as activated carbon (AC) has been proposed as an alternative remediation method. Compared to traditional remediation techniques, AC amendment in a thin layer means less material handling and lower costs and is assumed to be less disruptive to benthic communities. The objectives of this thesis are to investigate the ecological effects from thin layer capping (TLC) as well as the efficiency in contaminant retention. In Paper I we studied the ecological effects from nine different materials, proposed for TLC remediation, on benthic structural (Bacteria, Macro- and meiofauna) and functional responses (e.g. O2 oxygen respiration and nutrient fluxes). In Paper II we investigated the potential of thin layer capping with activated carbon in reducing aqueous contaminant concentrations and bioaccumulation of HOCs in two different benthic organisms exposed to intact cores from an in situ pilot remediation project. The results in Paper I show that all the tested materials can disturb the benthic system, but to different degrees. Activated carbon showed minor or intermediate disturbances on functional endpoints, however, the species abundance was reduced by ca 50 %, which is worrying. Nevertheless, the bioaccumulation study in Paper II shows that sediment capped with a thin layer of clay amended with activated carbon led to great reductions in the uptake of PAHs and PCBs by the benthic fauna as well as reduced aqueous concentrations in pore water . In conclusion, this thesis shows positive results concerning the contaminant retention potential of TLC with AC, but short term and long term ecological effects on benthic fauna have to be investigated before this technique can be recommended in large scale capping projects.
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| 9. |
- Samuelsson, Göran, 1951-
(författare)
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The use of fluorescence techniques for the study of some membrane-bound photosynthetic properties and some effects of copper on the thylakoid membrane
- 1981
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lyophilized pea chloroplasts were extracted in a stepwise manner in an organic solvent (petroleum ether) with increasing polarity which was obtained by addition of small amount of ETOH (0-1 %). Absorption and low temperature fluorescence emission spectra were measured on both the extracted thylakoids and on isolated chlorophylI-protein complexes. Extraction of chlorophyll from the membrane increased (and the ratio of chlorophyl l a/b decreased) with increasing polarity of the solvent. The gel scan revealed that after extraction with petroleum ether, CPa.. was lost from the gel and after extraction with petroleum ether +1 % ETOH only the CPa/b was left together with SDS-free chlorophyll. This shows that the chlorophyll in CPa/b are situated in a less hydrophobic environment than chlorophyll in CPa|| and CPa|. The long wavelength absorbing and emitting chlorophyll fraction associated to CPaj was found to be easily removed from the membrane. This caused a blue shift in the low temperature fluorescence emission peak and in the red absorption peak and it was also accompanied by a decrease in carote-noid absorption in isolated CPa|. It was found in different plant material lacking $-carotene in CPàj that a strong correlation between ß-carotene in CPa. and the existence of the long wavelength chlorophyll in isolated cPa. existed. Based on these data, it was suggested that excited chlorophyll can transfer energy in excess to ß-carotene by a triplet--triplet transfer.A method based on in vivo chlorophyll £ fluorescence was developed for studying photosynthetic capacity in unicellular algae. It was shown that DCMU-induced fluorescence increase was a good measure of photosynthetic capacity in four species of green algae tested.The effect of copper chloride on photosynthetic electron transport and chlorophyl1-protein complexes was studied in spinach chloroplasts. Copper(11) inhibited a PS I i reaction H2O—> DPIP, a PS I reaction Asc/DPIP —> NADP and the overall electron transport H2O —> NAOP to different degrees. Chlorophyll protein complexes were only slightly affected by copper(ll) but with both copper and ascorbate in the reaction media, a rapid membrane destruction occurred. This was probably caused by a free radical reaction catalyzed by copper(ll).
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| 10. |
- Turkina, Maria, 1973-
(författare)
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Functional proteomics of protein phosphorylation in algal photosynthetic membranes
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Plants, green algae and cyanobacteria perform photosynthetic conversion of sunlight into chemical energy in the permanently changing natural environment. For successful survival and growth photosynthetic organisms have developed complex sensing and signaling acclimation mechanisms. The environmentally dependent protein phosphorylation in photosynthetic membranes is implied in the adaptive responses; however, the molecular mechanisms of this regulation are still largely unknown. We used a mass spectrometry-based approach to achieve a comprehensive mapping of the in vivo protein phosphorylation sites within photosynthetic membranes from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii subjected to distinct environmental conditions known to affect the photosynthetic machinery.The state transitions process regulating the energy distribution between two photosystems, involves the temporal functional coupling of phosphorylated light-harvesting complexes II (LHCII) to photosystem I (PSI). During state transitions several of the thylakoid proteins undergo redox-controlled phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycles. This work provided evidences suggesting that redox-dependent phosphorylation-induced structural changes of the minor LHCII antenna protein CP29 determine the affinity of LHCII for either of the two photosystems. In state 1 the doubly phosphorylated CP29 acts as a linker between the photosystem II (PSII) core and the trimeric LHCII whereas in state 2 this quadruply phosphorylated CP29 would migrate to PSI on the PsaH side and provide the docking of LHCII trimers to the PSI complex. Moreover, this study revealed that exposure of Chlamydomonas cells to high light stress caused hyperphosphorylation of CP29 at seven distinct residues and suggested that high light-induced hyperphosphorylation of CP29 may uncouple this protein together with LHCII from both photosystems to minimize the damaging effects of excess light.Reversible phosphorylation of the PSII reaction center proteins was shown to be essential for the maintenance of active PSII under high light stress. Particularly dephosphorylation of the light-damaged D1 protein, a central functional subunit of the PSII reaction center, is required for its degradation and replacement. We found in the alga the reversible D1 protein phosphorylation, which until our work, has been considered as plant-specific.We also discovered specific induction of thylakoid protein phosphorylation during adaptation of alga to limiting environmental CO2. One of the phosphorylated proteins has five phosphorylation sites at both serine and treonine residues. The discovered specific low-CO2- and redox-dependent protein phosphorylation may be an early adaptive and signalling response of the green alga to limitation in inorganic carbon.This work provides the first comprehensive insight into the network of environmentally regulated protein phosphorylation in algal photosynthetic membranes.
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