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| 2. |
- Englund, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Styrkeområden för svensk miljöteknikexport
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I den här studien, finansierad av Energimyndigheten, analysera styrkeområden inom svensk miljöteknikexport. Det undersöks vilka typer av miljöteknikföretag som har varit framgångsrika när det gäller export samt inom vilka miljötekniksegment och på vilka marknader dessa företag har varit framgångsrika. Resultatet visar att exporten av miljöteknik är generellt sett är störst till Europa och Asien. Energi- och resursåteranvändning är det starkaste området inom svensk miljöteknikexport, men bland företag med innovationskraft växer nya exportområden fram.
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| 3. |
- Forslid, Rikard, et al.
(författare)
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Trade Liberalization, Transboundary Pollution, and Market Size
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists. - : University of Chicago Press. - 2333-5955 .- 2333-5963. ; 4:3, s. 927-957
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper uses a monopolistic competitive framework to study the impact of trade liberalization on local and global emissions. We focus on the interplay of asymmetric emission taxes and the home market effect and show how a large-market advantage can counterbalance a high emission tax, so that trade liberalization leads firms to move to the large high-tax economy. Global emissions decrease when trade is liberalized in this case. We then simulate the model with endogenous taxes. The larger country, which has the advantage of the home market effect, will be able to set a higher Nash emission tax than its smaller trade partner yet still maintain its manufacturing base. As a result, a pollution haven will typically not arise in this case as trade is liberalized. However, global emissions increase as a result of international tax competition, which underscores the importance of international cooperation as trade becomes freer.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Friberg, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Exchange rate risk and the skill composition of labor
- 2020
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Ingår i: Review of World Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1610-2878 .- 1610-2886. ; 156:2, s. 287-312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper uses matched employer-employee data covering the universe of Swedish private sector firms 1998-2014 to examine the links between exchange rate risk and the skill composition of labor in firms. We use firm x export destination and firm x import origin data to calculate firm-level measures of real exchange rate risk and real effective exchange rates. Our main result is that firms facing higher exchange rate risk employ a higher share of skilled labor and that the effect is especially marked among trade intensive firms in manufacturing and in firms with fewer than 50 employees. This finding is consistent with theoretical models of flexible work systems that require higher skill levels as a way of responding to higher risk.
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| 6. |
- Friberg, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Market stealing and market expansion : An examination of product introductions in the organic coffee market
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental Economics and Policy Studies. - : Springer Verlag (Germany). - 1867-383X .- 1432-847X. ; 20:2, s. 287-303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Market shares for organic products remain modest despite broad professed consumer interest in purchasing organic products. We use counterfactual product introductions in an estimated demand model to systematically explore the links between product assortment and the market share for organic products. The demand estimates on which we base the counterfactuals use 3 years of household panel data on retail coffee purchases in Sweden, combining household's stated and revealed behavior in a discrete choice model. The predicted market shares of new organic products are highly dependent on which brand that the organic label partners with. Introduction of a new organic product is predicted to increase in-sample organic market share from around 5% up to a maximum of around 8%. The market expansion effect dominates the market stealing effect for almost all entrants. The largest market share gains for organic products are not to be had amongst the keenest organic households, but rather amongst the moderately keen organic households.
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| 7. |
- Friberg, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Matched trade at the firm level and the micro origins of international business-cycle co-movement
- 2019
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper uses firm x national market export and import data for all Swedish private sector firms for 1997-2014 to examine the firm-level contribution of trade and foreign ownership to the correlation between Swedish value added growth and partner country GDP growth. Export and import links increase the firm-level correlation but net out for firms that both export to and import from the same market, evidence that this type of``natural hedging''can help reduce a firm's exposure to foreign economic shocks. We proceed to aggregate the firm-level results to the whole economy and find that severing firm-level ties with a foreign market is predicted to lower the correlation between Swedish value added growth and foreign GDP growth from 0.72 to 0.64 on average. Gabaix's``granularity''of trade is central to this result: if all firms are given equal weight overall correlations are essentially unaffected by severing firm level ties. While natural hedging is quantitatively important at the firm level, it has little effect on overall comovements.
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| 8. |
- Friberg, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Matched trade at the firm level and the micro origins of international business-cycle comovement
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Finance and Economics. - : Wiley: 24 months. - 1099-1158 .- 1076-9307. ; 27:3, s. 2997-3009
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article uses firm x national market export and import data for all Swedish private sector firms for 1997-2014 to examine the firm-level contribution of trade and foreign ownership to the correlation between Swedish value added growth and partner country gross domestic product (GDP) growth. Export and import links increase the firm-level correlation but net out for firms that both export to and import from the same market, evidence that this type of 'natural hedging' can help reduce a firm's exposure to foreign economic shocks. We proceed to aggregate the firm-level results to the whole economy and find that severing firm-level ties with a foreign market is predicted to lower the correlation between Swedish value added growth and foreign GDP growth from 0.72 to 0.64 on average. Gabaix's 'granularity' of trade is central to this result: if all firms are given equal weight overall correlations are essentially unaffected by severing firm level ties. Natural hedging is quantitatively important at the firm level and also plays a role in limiting overall comovements.
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| 9. |
- Friberg, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of retail distribution on sales of alcoholic beverages
- 2017
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Ingår i: Marketing Science. - : INFORMS (Institute for Operations Research and Management Sciences). - 0732-2399 .- 1526-548X. ; 36:4, s. 626-641
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use monthly sales of all wines, beer, and spirits sold between 2006 and 2011 by Sweden’s retail monopoly on alcohol to estimate the causal effect of retail distribution on market share by volume at the product level. Products are defined at the level of the stock-keeping unit. Two institutional features are key to identifying the causal effect: First, the monopolist uses four levels of retail distribution; a change in retail distribution is therefore associated with a discrete shift in the number of stores that carry a product in a given month. Second, the retailer is legally bound and monitored by the European Union to ensure that it acts in a non-discriminatory manner with all its suppliers. These features allow us to rule out many possible confounding factors in estimating the effect of distribution on sales volume. We find large and statistically significant effects from changes in retail distribution on market share by volume across all levels of retail distribution. The associated volume elasticity of retail distribution is convex; the wider the retail distribution the greater the marginal volume increase from further widening. In this market, wider distribution means reaching stores with successively smaller assortment. Our results indicate that the smaller assortment in smaller stores, coupled with a low resistance to compromise, is the main reason for the convex pattern. In other words, convexity appears to be generated by products achieving “a larger share of a smaller pie” as retail distribution expands.
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| 10. |
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