| 1. |
- Ekblom Bak, Elin, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Accelerometer derived physical activity and subclinical coronary and carotid atherosclerosis : cross-sectional analyses in 22 703 middle-aged men and women in the SCAPIS study
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 13:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aim included investigation of the associations between sedentary (SED), low-intensity physical activity (LIPA), moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) and the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in both coronaries and carotids and the estimated difference in prevalence by theoretical reallocation of time in different PA behaviours.DESIGN: Cross-sectional.SETTING: Multisite study at university hospitals.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 22 670 participants without cardiovascular disease (51% women, 57.4 years, SD 4.3) from the population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage study were included. SED, LIPA and MVPA were assessed by hip-worn accelerometer.PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES: Any and significant subclinical coronary atherosclerosis (CA), Coronary Artery Calcium Score (CACS) and carotid atherosclerosis (CarA) were derived from imaging data from coronary CT angiography and carotid ultrasound.RESULTS: High daily SED (>70% ≈10.5 hours/day) associated with a higher OR 1.44 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.91), for significant CA, and with lower OR 0.77 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.95), for significant CarA. High LIPA (>55% ≈8 hours/day) associated with lower OR for significant CA 0.70 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.96), and CACS, 0.71 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.97), but with higher OR for CarA 1.41 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.76). MVPA above reference level, >2% ≈20 min/day, associated with lower OR for significant CA (OR range 0.61-0.67), CACS (OR range 0.71-0.75) and CarA (OR range 0.72-0.79). Theoretical replacement of 30 min of SED into an equal amount of MVPA associated with lower OR for significant CA, especially in participants with high SED 0.84 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.96) or low MVPA 0.51 (0.36 to 0.73).CONCLUSIONS: MVPA was associated with a lower risk for significant atherosclerosis in both coronaries and carotids, while the association varied in strength and direction for SED and LIPA, respectively. If causal, clinical implications include avoiding high levels of daily SED and low levels of MVPA to reduce the risk of developing significant subclinical atherosclerosis.
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| 2. |
- Carlén, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
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IoT Enabled Process Innovation : Exploring Sensor-Based Digital Service Design Through an Information Requirements Framework
- 2019
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Ingår i: Internet of Things. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030156503 - 9783030156510 ; , s. 105-120
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Through digitisation of physical artefacts and environments, the Internet of Things carries vast potential for process innovation. However, navigation of the quickly evolving technological landscape and identification of emerging opportunities for value creation remains challenging. To this end, we combine existing frameworks on information requirements, IT capability, and business value of IT. We evaluate the usability of these frameworks for IoT enabled innovation in our analysis of two sensor-based process innovation projects. We investigate the fit between process characteristics and technological functionality, and the implications of this alignment. Our analysis demonstrates that the framework provides a practically useful and theoretically coherent conceptual device for analyzing process characteristics and digital options to innovate processes. Furthermore, we find that IoT sensors are well suited to address connectivity and uncertainty requirements. However, in order to leverage them to address high equivocality requirements designers need deep contextual understanding to align IoT capability with information requirements.
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| 3. |
- Golshan, Behrooz, 1979-
(författare)
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Digital Capability and Business Model Reconfiguration : a co-evolutionary perspective
- 2018
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- While IT-enabled innovations continue to disrupt long-lasting industries, emerging concepts and theories seek to explain implications of digitalisation on its value, competition and organisation. Over the past two decades, the notions of digital capability and business model reconfiguration as antecedents of organisational performance have become increasingly influential in the Information Systems literature. Appreciation of the role of strategic agility, external resources and interorganisational collaborations on IT-enabled value propositions has shaped the core logic and fundamental assumptions of the two aforementioned concepts. Nevertheless, the relationship between digital capability and business model reconfiguration remains underinvested and largely elusive. In order to reconcile such fragmented literature, the aim of this study is to investigate the coevolutionary dynamics of digital capability and business model reconfigurations.Digital capability reflects on the organisational ability to identify IT-enabled opportunities and deploy IS/IT to mobilise resources and structures in order to exploit those opportunities. Business model reconfiguration encapsulates management agenda to elevate value propositions for customers, partners and other stakeholders in order to create and capture value. It entails altering organisational resources and processes to enable such value propositions.Empirical data that is used in this thesis is gathered from an insurance company and contains information about the internal and external contexts, decisions, actions and performance between 2008 and 2016. There are four major phases during this time period. As identified, during each, the company revised its strategic intentions, invested in new IS/IT and human resources and reconfigured its business model.Results of this study illustrate that organisational digital capability drives strategic intentions for co-exploration and co-exploitation of value with partners. Such emerging strategies shape the configuration of the firm’s business model, which in turn leads to investments for generating the required IS competencies. This process increases the organisational digital capability, which affects the future cycles.Development of each IS competency is a result of co- exploration strategies. It is likely that such IS competencies are leveraged for co-exploitation in the future phases. In addition, Business-to-Business (B2B) IS competencies are instrumental in operationalising business models: however, as the number of partners grow and configuration of business models change, dyadic connections are likely to be replaced by standard ones. Strategies of co-exploration and co-exploitation could lead to innovative, adoptive or evolutionary business model reconfigurations. However, for incumbent organisations, business model innovation seems to follow several business model adaptations and evolutions. That is, a great deal of organisational learning and tinkering with business models, strategic intentions and technological backbone is needed to innovate business models.The final contribution of this research is the analytical model devised for exploring the essence of strategic decision making in dynamic environments. Based on the Appreciative Systems Model, the model illustrates how the perception of the constant flux of events and ideas leads to strategic intentions based on value and reality judgments, which in turn triggers action to operationalise those understandings. Both formulating the intentions and executing them will change future events, perceived ideas and emerging intentions based on evolving values and standards.
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| 4. |
- Hedlund, Hugo, 1988-
(författare)
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Disentangling digital transformation : mechanisms of change in institutional logics
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Digital transformation (DT) is en vogue, but vague: while consultants, policymakers and researchers stress that it is a major challenge to organizations of all kinds and sizes, how DT unfolds, or even what it entails, remains elusive. Previous research on DT frames it as a problem of strategic technology adoption or information technology (IT)-related change associated with business models and processes. While contributions in this vein are informative, they are suspiciously similar to previous studies in the information systems field of the effects of information technology on organizational workings. Further, this focus backgrounds potentially novel issues of institutional and wider societal change, such as the interaction between distinct social spheres and technology implicated in any setting affected by its introduction. Promising emerging research has adopted institutional theory to address these issues, but central questions at the intersection of digital technology and institutional change remain unanswered. In this dissertation, I draw on the theoretical perspective of institutional logics to theorize, explain, and illustrate digital transformation as a phenomenon cutting through diverse analytical levels and societal contexts. To this end, the research question guiding both the dissertation and the empirical studies (presented in four appended papers) that it is based upon has been:How do technology-associated generative mechanisms drive digital transformation in institutions? The research has identified generative mechanisms as non-deterministic forces that shape the outcomes we observe in the world around us. In this dissertation, I address DT of the public sector as an investigative institutional context to answer my research question. This setting has a long and ongoing history of digitalization characterized by shifting and often conflicting institutional demands. The first of the four appended research papers illuminates how research on digital innovation has informed the study of innovation in a problem setting characterized by institutional complexity (the public sector). The second examines how actors under differing institutional pressures and worldviews organize to innovate with digital technology. The third shows how technology-associated generative mechanisms drive DT in the public sector, and the fourth theorizes a novel perspective on digital transformation. Synthesizing and moving beyond the findings of the individual papers, in the dissertation I define the role of generative mechanisms in DT, explain how, when, and why mechanisms come to cause the phenomenon in institutions, and discuss their effects and implications for research and practice.
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| 5. |
- Holmström, Jonny, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Educating reflective practitioners : The design of an IT Management Masters Program
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Seventeenth Americas Conference on Information Systems, Detroit, Michigan August 4 th-7th 2011. ; , s. 1-10
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The IT Management Group at Umeå University, Sweden, has developed a master program in IT management with emphasis on incorporating practice in the learning process. The basic premise lies in the use of reflection-in-action as an approach to presenting students with practical problems throughout the program. We discuss the ways in which practice is at the heart of the program, both as a tool for exemplifying codified knowledge such as technical skills and methods but also as arenas for situated knowledge creation and transfer where reflection and action are intertwined. The paper ends with a discussion of the program design, challenges in implementing the reflective practice approach and competencies the students need in their future professional roles.
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| 6. |
- Holmström, Jonny, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Green IS : steps towards a research agenda
- 2010
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Ingår i: Industrial informatics design, use and innovation. - Hershey : IGI Global. - 9781615206926 - 9781616923143 - 9781615206933 ; , s. 187-195
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this chapter, the authors investigate the role of ICT in dealing with environmental challenges facing contemporary industrial organizations. Green IS research can essentially be divided into two groups, focusing on technology per se or on providing tools that decreases environmental impact. Building on a planned research project the authors propose innovation of ICT-based services, and especially collaborative services, as useful strategies for providing firms with sense and respond capabilities in relation to environmental challenges. They also argue research that research relevance and multi-disciplinary competencies are key themes that IS researcher needs to acknowledge in order to contribute to practitioners efforts.
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| 7. |
- Karlsson, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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Digitalization Drivers, Barriers, and Effects in Maritime Ports
- 2023
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Ingår i: 29th Annual Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2023. - : Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maritime transports play a vital role for several industries in enabling efficient and sustainable transportation of goods. Ports are central hubs in the transport chain since they connect the maritime and land-based transport systems. The central position of ports makes them critical enablers of efficiency through digital connectivity but also implies that they need to consider many types of participating agents with whom they form episodic tight couplings. However, the industry's digitalization level remains relatively low, and we know little of the challenges facing ports in increasing it. Through a case study of digitalization in Swedish small- and medium-sized ports handling different types of cargo and serving different types of transport modes, we identify key objectives and critical challenges underlying digitalization processes in ports.
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| 8. |
- Lundberg, Oscar, et al.
(författare)
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Cycles of innovation and alignment in digital transformation : investigating the dynamics of resource recombination in a construction firm
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, HICSS 2020. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9780998133133 ; , s. 4346-4355
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The generative nature of digital technology implies that during digital transformation (DT), organizations traverse multiple cycles of innovation and resource alignment. Still, extant research mainly chronicles DT as linear and contained phenomenon occurring in response to a dramatic environmental change event. How new resources align with previous ones into novel combinations, the work that supports continuous organizational capability building, and the temporal relationships between cycles of change in DT has received scant attention. Drawing on dynamic capability theory, we analyze innovation and resource alignment cycles driving DT at Lundqvist Trävaru AB, a small Swedish construction firm. Our study has at least two contributions. First, the analysis reveals three types of dynamic capabilities that shape resource generation and alignment in DT. Second, we provide a process model outlining the innovation and alignment cycles that fuel DT as they scale in the focal firm.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Lundberg, Oscar, et al.
(författare)
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Unpacking construction site digitalization: the role of incongruence and inconsistency in technological frames
- 2022
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Ingår i: Construction Management and Economics. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0144-6193 .- 1466-433X. ; 40:11-12, s. 987-1002
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Construction site operations often involve multiple actors with substantial variations in assumptions, expectations, and knowledge about technology. This could impair digitalization, which involves development of socio-cognitive environments that foster use of digital technology in new organizational procedures. Nevertheless, construction industry digitalization research has mainly addressed firm-level transformation of engineering phases and focused on technology, largely ignoring challenges arising from cognitive differences among actors at construction sites. Thus, we report a case study of attempts to spark construction site digitalization through a shared information management system (IMS). Applying technology frame of reference theory, we demonstrate how differences within groups among actors’ frames (inconsistency) shape group-level frame misalignment (incongruence) and thus digitalization outcomes. The IMS was implemented successfully at the focal firm’s headquarter and regional office levels. However, substantial construction site-level frame inconsistency led to misaligned group-level expectations and generated a fragmented socio-cognitive environment that hindered strategic digitalization. In conclusion, socio-cognitive environments at industry, construction site, and group levels recursively shape individual frames, and harmonization of frames is important to realize construction digitalization.
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