| 1. |
- Allmyr, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Human Exposure to Triclosan via Toothpaste does not change CYP3A4 Activity or Plasma Concentrations of Thyroid Hormones
- 2009
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Ingår i: Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology. - : Wiley. - 1742-7835 .- 1742-7843. ; 105:5, s. 339-344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Triclosan is an antibacterial compound commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products for everyday use. As previously shown, triclosan is found in the plasma, urine and milk from large parts of different human populations. Recent studies have revealed that triclosan is able to activate the human pregnane X receptor in vitro and thus possibly affecting metabolism of drugs in humans via the induction of CYP3A4. Besides, triclosan has been shown to affect thyroid hormonal levels in rats in vivo. In the present study, we investigated if an everyday exposure to triclosan via triclosan-containing toothpaste for 14 days in 12 adult humans caused an increase in plasma 4 beta-hydroxycholesterol, indicative of CYP3A4 induction, and/or alterations in thyroid hormonal status. The plasma triclosan concentrations increased from 0.009-0.81 ng/g to 26-296 ng/g (ranges) upon exposure. Despite this, there were no significant changes in plasma levels of either plasma 4 beta-hydroxycholesterol or thyroid hormones during the exposure. This indicates that the normal use of triclosan-containing toothpaste is not likely to alter metabolism of drugs via CYP3A4 induction or cause adverse events because of thyroid disturbances in humans.
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| 2. |
- Astvaldsdottir, Alfheidur, et al.
(författare)
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Longevity of posterior resin composite restorations in adults : A systematic review
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Dentistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-5712 .- 1879-176X. ; 43:8, s. 934-954
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the literature on the longevity of posterior resin composite restorations in adults. Material and methods: A systematic literature search was conducted according to predetermined criteria for inclusion and exclusion. The studies selected were prospective clinical trials with a minimum follow-up time of 4 years, 40 restorations per experimental group and an annual attrition rate of less than 5%. Initially, abstracts and full-text articles were assessed independently and the assessment was subsequently agreed on by five reviewers. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed according to the Swedish Council on Health Technology Assessment (SBU) standard checklist for determining the extent to which studies meet basic quality criteria. Results: In all, the literature search identified 4275 abstracts and 93 articles were read in fulltext. There were eighteen studies which met the criteria for inclusion, eight of which were included in the analysis. There were 80 failures of restorations with a total follow-up time at risk for failure of 62,030 months. The overall incidence rate for all causes of failure was 1.55 lost restorations per 100 restoration years. The most common biological reason for failure (a total of 31 restorations) was secondary caries, with or without fracture of the restoration. The quality of the evidence was low. Conclusions: In an efficacy setting, the overall survival proportion of posterior resin composite restorations is high. The major reasons for failure are secondary caries and restoration fracture which supports the importance of adequate follow-up time. Clinical significance: The overall survival proportion of posterior composite restorations was high, but the results cannot be extrapolated to an effectiveness setting. The importance of adequate follow-up time is supported by the finding that secondary caries often occurred after 3 years or later.
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| 3. |
- Bay, Bjorn, et al.
(författare)
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Response of human oral mucosa and skin to histamine provocation : laser Doppler perfusion imaging discloses differences in the nociceptive nervous system
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 67:2, s. 99-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To investigate the existence of histamine-excitable nerve fibers in the oral mucosa and to compare the response to histamine provocation in healthy volunteers with that in a small group of patients with chronic oral pain. Material and methods. Thirteen healthy volunteers and six patients suffering from chronic oral pain took part in the study. Blood perfusion was monitored in the hard palate, the tongue, and the skin of the cheek using laser Doppler perfusion imaging (Perimed; Sweden). Baseline scannings were performed, followed by 15 scannings after iontophoresis of histamine (1%). A free description of the sensations was then obtained from the participants after finishing the measurements. Results. Compared to pre-histamine scanning, histamine application resulted in a considerable increase in blood perfusion in all regions (p0.001) that was significantly higher in skin than in oral mucosa (p0.001). There were no significant differences between the healthy volunteers and the patients regarding baseline blood flow, increased blood perfusion, or flare size after histamine provocation. The sensory impression was reported to be more persistent and intense in the skin than in the oral mucosa. No effect on mucosa could be detected by visual inspection. Conclusions. Intra-oral flare could be induced by activating histamine-excitable nerve fibers. Both duration and intensity of the flare were considerably less pronounced than in the control skin site. Histamine application was not clearly associated with itch.
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| 4. |
- Hedberg, Linn, et al.
(författare)
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White matter abnormalities mediate the association between masticatory dysfunction and cognition among older adults
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1365-2842. ; 50:12, s. 1422-1431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Masticatory parameters, such as reduced number of teeth and posterior contacts, have been shown to be associated with reduced cognitive status. The underlying mechanisms that affect these associations, are however, not well understood. Objectives: The study aims to investigate the association between masticatory dysfunction and cognition and explore the mediating effect of brain structure. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 45 older adults with subjective masticatory dysfunction (mean age 72.3 +/- 4.0 years) were included. Mini-Mental State Examination score <25, brain trauma, neurological disease, neurodegenerative disorders, depression or poor Swedish language skills were criteria for exclusion. Cognitive functions (executive function and episodic memory) and masticatory dysfunction defined by functional occluding status (FOS; the number of occluding units and number of remaining teeth) were analysed with partial correlation models. Structural magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 28 feasible participants. Multiple regression analyses were performed to evaluate the predictive value of brain structure and white matter hypointensities (WM-hypo) on cognitive functions. A mediation analysis was applied to assess significant predictor/s of the association between FOS and cognition. Results: Both episodic memory and executive functions were positively correlated with FOS. WM-hypo predicted cognitive status (executive function, p = .01). WM-hypo mediated 66.6% (p = 0.06) of the association between FOS and executive functions. Conclusion: Associations between FOS and cognitive functions are reported, where FOS, a potential modifiable risk factor, was related to both episodic memory and executive functions. The mediating effect of WM-hypo on the association between FOS and executive functions highlights the impact of the vascularisation of the brain on the link between mastication and cognition. The present study provides increased knowledge that bridges the gap between masticatory dysfunction and cognition.
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| 5. |
- Jacobsen, Thomas, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Application of laser technology for removal of caries: A systematic review of controlled clinical trials
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 69:2, s. 65-74
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To evaluate the scientific evidence regarding laser technology for removal of carious tissue. Material and methods. A search for literature on the effect of treatment and on economic aspects of laser technology identified 23 papers. No relevant studies on economic aspects were found. Regarding the effect of treatment, 16 papers were selected for assessment according to established criteria. Results. Cavity preparation and caries excavation by erbium laser were evaluated in three studies of medium quality. The time required to remove carious tissue was evaluated in five studies assessed as being of medium quality for this outcome. In four studies the effect of laser treatment on the dental pulp was included as an outcome but, due to the short follow-up time, the quality was assessed as low. Two studies that included the longevity of the restoration as an outcome were also assessed as being of low quality because the follow-up time was inadequate. Patient response was evaluated in three studies, which were assessed as being of medium quality with respect to this outcome. Conclusions. There is limited scientific evidence that laser treatment is as effective as a rotary bur for removing carious tissue. Treatment time is prolonged. There is limited scientific evidence that adults prefer laser treatment. No conclusions can be drawn regarding biological or technical complications, children's perception of laser treatment or the cost-effectiveness of the method. © 2011 Informa Healthcare.
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| 6. |
- Kumar, Abhishek, et al.
(författare)
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Chewing and its influence on swallowing, gastrointestinal and nutrition-related factors : a systematic review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 1040-8398 .- 1549-7852. ; , s. 1-31
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that chewing is a mechanical and physiological contributor to swallowing, physiologic/pathologic processes of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and nutrition-related factors. A search strategy was applied to three different databases to investigate if chewing function in adults affects the swallowing, physiologic/pathologic processes of the GIT, and nutrition-related factors compared to controls with no exposure. The included studies were evaluated for methodological quality and risk of bias and certainty of evidence. The results showed 71 eligible studies. Overall, the results showed that 46 studies supported the hypothesis while 25 refuted it. However, the GRADE analysis showed low to very low certainty of the evidence to support the hypothesis that chewing is an important contributor in the swallowing process, and physiologic/pathologic processes in the GIT. The GRADE analysis also showed a moderate to very low certainty of the evidence to suggest that chewing function contributes to nutrition-related parameters. The overall results of the current study showed that a majority (64.7%) of the studies (46 out of 71) supported the hypothesis. However, robust studies with proper design, adequate sample size, and well-defined outcome parameters are needed to establish conclusive evidence.
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| 7. |
- Lexomboon, Duangjai, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Consumption and direct costs of dental care for patients with head and neck cancer : A 16-year cohort study
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1932-6203. ; 12:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with head and neck (H&N) cancer are commonly treated with surgery and/or radiotherapy, which can increase the risk of oral infection, dental caries, and periodontal disease. The present study investigated dental care consumption and costs in patient with H&N cancer before and after the cancer diagnosis. Data from Swedish regional and national registers were used to follow up dental care utilization and dental procedure costs. The analysis included 2,754 patients who had been diagnosed with H&N cancer (exposed cohort) in Stockholm County, Sweden, during 2000–2012 and 13,036 matched persons without cancer (unexposed cohort). The exposed cohort was sub-grouped into irradiated and non-irradiated patients for analysis. The exposed cohort underwent a moderately higher number of dental procedures per year than the unexposed cohort in both the year of the cancer diagnosis and the year after cancer diagnosis; in addition, these numbers were higher in the irradiated than in the non-irradiated subgroup of the exposed cohort. Dental care consumption and costs in the exposed cohort declined over time but remained at a slightly higher level than in the unexposed cohort over the long term (more than two years). Examinations and preventive procedures accounted for most of the higher consumption in the short term (2 years) and at the longer term follow-up. Swedish national insurance subsidized costs for dental treatment, which were highest in the irradiated subgroup and lowest in the unexposed cohort. Direct costs to the patient, however, were similar among the groups. Swedish national health insurance protects patients with H&N cancer from high dental expenditures. Further studies on the cost-effectiveness of preventive dental care for patients are needed.
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| 8. |
- Lexomboon, Duangjai, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Xerostomic Medication on Oral Health in Persons With Dementia
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. - : Elsevier. - 1525-8610 .- 1538-9375. ; 19:12, s. 1080-1085
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Medication-induced hyposalivation can increase the risk for oral complications, including dental caries and tooth loss. This problem is particularly important in people with dementia because of their declining ability to maintain oral care. The objective of this study was to describe the association between the number of xerostomic medications used and tooth loss and restorative and dental preventive treatment in a population of persons with dementia. Design: A longitudinal population-based register study with a 3-year follow-up was conducted. Data were extracted from the Swedish Dementia Registry (SveDem), the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register (SPDR), the Swedish National Patient Register (SNPR), and the Dental Health Register (DHR). Setting and participants: Participants were persons with dementia who were registered in the SveDem at the time of their dementia diagnosis. Measures: The exposure was continuous use of xerostomic medications over the 3 years prior to dementia diagnosis (baseline). The outcomes were the incidence of tooth extractions, tooth restorations, and dental preventive procedures. Poisson regression models were used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for the association between the exposure and outcomes, adjusting for relevant confounders. Results: A total of 34,037 persons were included in the analysis. A dose-response relationship between the exposure and tooth extractions was observed. Compared with nonusers of xerostomic medication, the rate of tooth extractions increased with increasing number of xerostomic medications used (IRR = 1.03, 1.11, and 1.40 for persons using an average >0-1, >1-3, and >3 xerostomic medications, respectively). However, the risk for having new dental restorations and receiving preventive procedures did not differ between groups. Conclusion: Continuous use of xerostomic medications can increase the risk for tooth extraction in people with dementia. This study highlights the importance of careful consideration when prescribing xerostomic medications to people with dementia, and the need for regular and ongoing dental care.
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| 9. |
- Naimi-Akbar, Aron, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive function among sons of women who worked in dentistry
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - Helsinki, Finland : Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 38:6, s. 546-552
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Exposure to elemental mercury vapor can impair neurological function as it is neurotoxic in doses higher than usually found in dentistry. Little is known about the potential effects of fetal exposure to elemental mercury among offspring of female dental workers. We investigated cognitive function among offspring of women working in dentistry at the time of their pregnancy.Methods: We compared results for cognitive function examinations taken by the majority of young men in Sweden at the time of compulsory military enlistment (age 17-18 years). Sons of female dentists (N=365) and dental nurses (N=3181) born during the 1960-1970s were compared with sons of female physicians (N=378) and assistant nurses (N=12 667).Results: Analysis by linear regression showed that sons of dental workers had similar or higher cognitive function test results compared to their matched cohorts.Conclusion: We found no evidence of poorer cognitive function among male offspring of female dentists or dental nurses.
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| 10. |
- Naimi-Akbar, Aron, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality among sons of female dental personnel : a national cohort study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Perinatal Medicine. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 0300-5577 .- 1619-3997. ; 42:5, s. 655-661
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Dental personnel are exposed to mercury when using dental amalgam. This exposure constitutes a potential hazard to offspring of women working in dentistry. The present study examined increased mortality risk in offspring of mothers working in dentistry.Methods: Mortality was compared between sons of dental personnel and sons of nondental health-care personnel. Hazard ratios were calculated for three decades (1960s-1980s), when the magnitude of mercury exposure in dentistry was likely to have varied.Results: During the 1960s, there was a statistically significant increase in the risk of neonatal mortality for sons of dental nurses when compared with sons of assistant nurses: hazard ratio (HR) 1.82 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.04-3.22). There was no increased risk in the subsequent decades, but a trend test demonstrated a consistent decrease in the risk over the three decades: HR for trend 0.63 (95% CI: 0.44-0.90). The raised mortality risk was limited to neonatal mortality. The comparison between dentists and physicians had insufficient statistical power.Conclusions: There is no increased mortality risk among sons of female dentists after the 1960s. Although the results should be interpreted with caution, they suggest a modestly raised risk of neonatal mortality, during the 1960s, when exposure to mercury was thought to be highest.
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