| 1. |
- Adler, Jan-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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The upgraded photon tagging facility at the MAX IV Laboratory
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5087 .- 0168-9002. ; 715, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A description is given of the upgraded photon tagging facility at the MAX IV Laboratory. Two magnetic spectrometers are used to momentum analyze post-bremsstrahlung electrons. The tagged photon range extends from 10 to 180 MeV with an energy resolution of about 300 keV. The system has been operated at rates up to 4 x 10(6) photons s(-1) MeV (-1). Different diagnostic tools are described as well as the experimental program.
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| 2. |
- Akkurt, I, et al.
(författare)
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Photoneutron yields from tungsten in the energy range of the giant dipole resonance
- 2003
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Ingår i: Physics in Medicine and Biology. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6560 .- 0031-9155. ; 48:20, s. 3345-3352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photoneutron production on the nuclei of high-Z components of medical accelerator heads can lead to a significant secondary dose during a course of bremsstrahlung radiotherapy, However, a quantitative evaluation of secondary neutron dose requires improved data on the photoreaction yields. These have been measured as a function of photon energy, neutron energy and neutron angle for W-nat, using tagged photons at the MAX-Lab photonuclear facility in Sweden. This work presents neutron yields for W-nat(gamma, n) and compares these with the predictions of the Monte Carlo code MCNP-GN, developed specifically to simulate photoneutron production at medical accelerators.
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| 3. |
- Ashraf, Asra, 1989-
(författare)
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Ultrasound Communication through Thin Plates: Understanding the Channel
- 2023
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ultrasound, composed of sound waves with frequencies above the human audible range, has become widely used in various technological fields for digital communications. In the past, acoustic and ultrasonic waves were employed in military and commercial un-derwater wireless communication systems due to their superior performance compared to electromagnetic waves. Ultrasound has also emerged as a viable alternative to radio and wired transmission for data transmission through solid bodies like metal plates and pipe walls. Notably, ultrasound offers high-security features as it is nearly undetectable from outside the room, minimizing the risks of wireless interception and attacks like Bluesniping and jamming.In any digital communication system, understanding the propagation channel between the transmitter and receiver is crucial. The ultrasound communication channel comprises three main components: transmitting and receiving transducers and the medium through which the sound propagates. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a multi-carrier scheme that divides the available spectrum into multiple non-overlapping subcarriers for digital communication.In the context of ultrasound communication, the channel consists of two parts: the combined response of the transducers used as the transmitter and receiver, and the im-pulse response of the propagation medium. When dealing with a thin plate with parallel surfaces, this results in a reverberating channel. The reverberating channel comprises a primary pulse along with echo pulses that possess similar shapes but decaying amplitudes. The amplitude decay occurs due to four prominent factors: power losses in the trans-ducers at each side, transmission losses at the boundaries of the plate and transducer, ultrasound pulse attenuation within the plate, and beam spreading as the ultrasound pulse travels over distance. The reverberations elongate the impulse response of the channel, thus require a long cyclic prefix to prevent data symbols to overlap. However, this limitation restricts the achievable bit rate and energy efficiency of the system.In this thesis, we present a model for the reverberating ultrasound channel suitable for various plate materials. We propose a novel system-level path loss model that accounts for losses at the transducers, transmission losses, material attenuation, and diffraction losses. Based on this model, we calculate a comprehensive link budget that explicitly considers plate thickness. Furthermore, we conduct a quantitative analysis to evaluate the impact of Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) and Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) on the performance of the OFDM system. Through computer simulations, we evaluate the system’s performance and demonstrate that for a metal plate with a thickness of 5 mm, an uncoded data rate of 32 Mbps can be achieved.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Carlquist, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Process engineering for bioflavour production with metabolically active yeast - a minireview.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Yeast. - 1097-0061. ; 32:1, s. 123-143
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flavours are biologically active molecules of large commercial interest in the food, cosmetics, detergent and pharmaceutical industry. The production of flavours can take place by either extraction from plant materials, chemical synthesis, through biological conversion of precursor molecules or through de novo biosynthesis. The latter alternatives are gaining importance through the rapidly growing fields of systems biology and metabolic engineering giving efficient production hosts for the so-called "bioflavours", which are natural flavour and/or fragrance compounds obtained with cell factories or enzymatic systems. One potential production host for bioflavour is yeast. In this mini-review, we give an overview of bioflavour production in yeast from the process engineering perspective. Two specific examples - production of 2-phenylethanol and vanillin - are used to illustrate process challenges and strategies used.
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| 6. |
- Edfors, Ove, et al.
(författare)
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An application of the singular value decomposition to OFDM channel estimation
- 1996
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 1996 SNRV and NUTEK Conference on Radio Sciences and Telecommunications in Luleå and Kiruna June 3-6, 1996. - Luleå : Luleå tekniska universitet. - 9163044552 ; , s. 678-682
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new approach to low-complexity channel estimation in orthogonal-frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is described. A low-rank approximation is applied to a linear minimum mean-squared error (LMMSE) estimator that uses the frequency correlation of the channel. By using the singular-value decomposition (SVD) an optimal low-rank estimator is derived, where performance is essentially preserved - even for low computational complexities. A fixed estimator, with nominal values for channel correlation and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), is analysed. Analytical mean-squared error (MSE) and symbol-error rates (SER) are presented for a 16-QAM OFDM system.
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| 7. |
- Edfors, Ove, et al.
(författare)
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An introduction to orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
- 1997
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report is an introduction to orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). The focus is on signal processing areas pursued by our research group at Luleå University of Technology. We present an historical background and some frequently used system models. Typical areas of applications are also described, both wireless and wired. In addition to the general overview, the addressed areas include synchronization, channel estimation and channel coding. Both time and frequency synchronization are described, and the effects of synchronization errors are presented. Different types of channel estimators are described, where the focus is on low-complexity algorithms, and in this context, advantages and disadvantages of coherent and differential modulation are also discussed. Channel coding is described, both for wireless and wired systems, and pointers are included to evaluation tools and bitloading algorithms. An extensive bibliography is also included.
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| 8. |
- Edfors, Ove, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of DFT-based channel estimators for OFDM
- 1996
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we analyze the performance of three low-complexity channel estimators, based on the discrete Fourier-transform (DFT), for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Estimators of this type have been analyzed for discrete-time channels, and we extend this analysis to continuous-time channels. We present analytical expressions for their mean-squared error (MSE) and evaluate their complexity versus symbol-error rate (SER) for 16-QAM. The analysis shows that this type of estimators may experience an irreducible error floor at high SNRs. However, in one of the three estimators the error floor can be eliminated while the complexity stays low and the performance is maximized.
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| 9. |
- Edfors, Ove, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of DFT-Based Channel Estimators for OFDM
- 2000
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Ingår i: Wireless personal communications. - 0929-6212 .- 1572-834X. ; 12:1, s. 55-70
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we analyze the performance of three low-complexity channel estimators, based on the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Estimators of this type have been analyzed for discrete-time channels, and we extend this analysis to continuous-time channels. We present analytical expressions for their mean-squared error (MSE) and evaluate their complexity vs. symbol-error rate (SER) for 16-QAM. The analysis shows that this type of estimators may experience an irreducible error floor at high SNRs. However, in one of the three estimators the error floor can be eliminated while the complexity stays low and the performance is maximized.
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| 10. |
- Edfors, Ove, et al.
(författare)
-
OFDM channel estimation by singular value decomposition
- 1996
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Ingår i: Mobile technology for the human race. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 0780331575 ; , s. 923-927
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new approach to low-complexity channel estimation in orthogonal-frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is proposed. A low-rank approximation is applied to a linear minimum mean-squared error (LMMSE) estimator that uses the frequency correlation of the channel. By using the singular-value decomposition (SVD) an optimal low-rank estimator is derived, where performance is essentially preserved - even for low computational complexities. A fixed estimator, with nominal values for channel correlation and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), is analysed. Analytical mean-squared error (MSE) and symbol-error rates (SER) are presented for a 16-QAM OFDM system.
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