| 1. |
- Jönsson, Linus, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Early Regenerative Response in the Intrathoracic Porcine Esophagus-The Impact of the Inflammation.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Artificial Organs. - : Wiley. - 0160-564X. ; 38:6, s. 439-446
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to improve the treatment of children born with long-gap esophageal atresia, a porcine model was developed for studying esophageal regrowth using a bridging graft composed of a silicone stented Biodesign mesh. The aim of the study was to investigate how leakage and contact between the native muscle and Biodesign mesh affected the early healing response. Resection of 3cm of intrathoracic esophagus was performed in 10 newly weaned piglets. They were fed through a gastrostomy 8-10 days prior to sacrifice. In order to achieve nonleaking anastomoses, the silicone stent and suturing technique had to be adjusted between the first four and second six piglets. The technical adjustment decreased leakage. A nonleaking anastomosis could not be achieved when the native muscle layers were sewn less central on the bridging graft compared with the mucosa. If there was leakage, the inflammatory response increased, with islets of perivascular T-lymphocytes and infiltration of macrophages in the native muscle layers. In the bridging area, new vessels were seen in the submucosa in 9 of 10 piglets between 4 and 10 days after surgery. Smooth muscle cells also appeared to move from the cut muscle edges of both the muscularis mucosa and the lamina muscularis and were seen as a layer of several cells under newly formed mucosa. Double staining of the basal membrane of the ingrowing vessels and the pericytes showed that the basal membrane was thinner over some of the pericytes, but there was no accumulation of immature-looking cells in the submucosa of the bridging area. In this porcine model, where esophageal regrowth was studied by using a bridging graft composed of a silicone stented Biodesign mesh, we can conclude that leakage increased the inflammatory response in early healing. Ingrowth of new vessels was seen in the bridging area and movement of smooth muscle cells was found under newly formed mucosa.
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| 2. |
- Jönsson, Linus, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Macrophage Phenotype Is Associated With the Regenerative Response in Experimental Replacement of the Porcine Esophagus.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Artificial organs. - : Wiley. - 1525-1594 .- 0160-564X. ; 40:10, s. 950-958
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A porcine model for bridging circumferential defects in the intrathoracic esophagus has been developed in order to improve the treatment of children born with long-gap esophageal atresia. The aim of this study was to identify factors beneficial for tissue regeneration in the bridging area in this model and to describe the histological progression 20 days after replacement with a silicone-stented Biodesign mesh. Resection of 3cm of intrathoracic esophagus and replacement with a bridging graft was performed in six newly weaned piglets. They were fed through a gastrostomy for 10 days, and then had probe formula orally for another 10 days prior to sacrifice. Two out of six piglets had stent loss prior to sacrifice. In the four piglets with the stent in place, a tissue tube, with visible muscle in the wall, was seen at sacrifice. Histology showed that the wall of the healing area was well organized with layers of inflammatory cells, in-growing vessels, and smooth muscle cells. CD163+ macrophages was seen toward the esophageal lumen. In the animals where the stent was lost, the bridging area was narrow, and histology showed a less organized structure in the bridging area without the presence of CD163+ macrophages. This study indicates that regenerative healing was seen in the porcine esophagus 20 days after replacement of a part of the intrathoracic esophagus with a silicone-stented Biodesign mesh, if the bridging graft is retained. If the graft is lost, the inflammatory pattern changes with invasion of proinflammatory, M1 macrophages in the entire wall, which seems to redirect the healing process toward scar formation.
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| 3. |
- Nilsson, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of Neuromorphic AI in Event-Driven Distributed Digitized Systems: Concepts and Research Directions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1662-4548 .- 1662-453X. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing complexity and data-generation rates in cyber-physical systems and the industrial Internet of things are calling for a corresponding increase in AI capabilities at the resource-constrained edges of the Internet. Meanwhile, the resource requirements of digital computing and deep learning are growing exponentially, in an unsustainable manner. One possible way to bridge this gap is the adoption of resource-efficient brain-inspired “neuromorphic” processing and sensing devices, which use event-driven, asynchronous, dynamic neurosynaptic elements with colocated memory for distributed processing and machine learning. However, since neuromorphic systems are fundamentally different from conventional von Neumann computers and clock-driven sensor systems, several challenges are posed to large-scale adoption and integration of neuromorphic devices into the existing distributed digital–computational infrastructure. Here, we describe the current landscape of neuromorphic computing, focusing on characteristics that pose integration challenges. Based on this analysis, we propose a microservice-based conceptual framework for neuromorphic systems integration, consisting of a neuromorphic-system proxy, which would provide virtualization and communication capabilities required in distributed systems of systems, in combination with a declarative programming approach offering engineering-process abstraction. We also present concepts that could serve as a basis for the realization of this framework, and identify directions for further research required to enable large-scale system integration of neuromorphic devices.
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| 4. |
- Sillén, Ulla, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish Reflux Trial in Children: V. Bladder Dysfunction.
- 2010
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Ingår i: The Journal of urology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1527-3792 .- 0022-5347. ; 184:1, s. 298-304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: We investigated the prevalence and types of lower urinary tract dysfunction in children with vesicoureteral reflux grades III and IV, and related improved dilating reflux, renal damage and recurrent urinary tract infection to dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 203 children between ages 1 to less than 2 years with reflux grades III and IV were recruited into this open, randomized, controlled, multicenter study. Voiding cystourethrography and dimercapto-succinic acid scintigraphy were done at study entry and 2-year followup. Lower urinary tract function was investigated by noninvasive methods, at study entry with 4-hour voiding observation in 148 patients and at 2 years by structured questionnaire and post-void residual flow measurement in 161. RESULTS: At study entry 20% of patients had lower urinary tract dysfunction, characterized by high bladder capacity and increased post-void residual urine. At 2 years there was dysfunction in 34% of patients. Subdivision into groups characteristic of children after toilet training revealed that 9% had isolated overactive bladder and 24% had voiding phase dysfunction. There was a negative correlation between dysfunction at 2 years and improved dilating reflux (p = 0.002). Renal damage at study entry and followup was associated with lower urinary tract dysfunction at 2 years (p = 0.001). Recurrent urinary tract infections were seen in 33% of children with and in 20% without dysfunction (p = 0.084). CONCLUSIONS: After toilet training a third of these children with dilating reflux had lower urinary tract dysfunction, mainly voiding phase problems. Dysfunction was associated with persistent reflux and renal damage while dysfunction at study entry did not predict the 2-year outcome.
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| 5. |
- Wilhelmsson, Marcus, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Photophysical Characterization of Fluorescent DNA Base Analogue, tC
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5207 .- 1520-6106. ; 107:34, s. 9094-9101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The novel fluorescent DNA cytosine base analogue 1,3-diaza-2-oxophenothiazine, tC, has previously been shown to have a remarkably preserved high quantum yield upon incorporation into a single strand of peptide nucleic acid, PNA, as well as when the latter is hybridized with a complementary DNA to form a PNA-DNA duplex. Here, we investigate fundamental photophysical properties of tC. Using fluorescence anisotropy, stretched film linear dichroism, and quantum chemical calculations, the transition moment polarizations of the lowest lying electronic states are determined. The neutral, base-pairing form of tC, having a fluorescence quantum yield of 0.2, is found to be the totally predominant species in a wide pH interval, 4-12. We show that the absorption band of tC at lowest energy, centered at 26 700 cm(-1) and well separated from the nucleobase absorption, is due to a single electronic transition polarized approximately at 35degrees from the long axis of the molecule. The 2-deoxyribonucleoside of 1,3-diaza-2-oxophenothiazine, synthesized for further incorporation into DNA, was found to display a fluorescence quantum yield nearly the same as in the form of tC that was incorporated into PNA, confirming the notion of the tC nucleoside being a probe with very promising fluorescence properties essentially invariant of environment, also upon incorporation into a DNA strand and upon hybridization.
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