| 1. |
- Bianchi Piccinini, Giulio, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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How Do Drivers Respond to Silent Automation Failures? Driving Simulator Study and Comparison of Computational Driver Braking Models
- 2020
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Ingår i: Human Factors. - Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.; Volvo Group Trucks Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.; Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, USA.; University of Leeds, UK.; VTI, Gothenburg, Sweden. : SAGE Publications. - 1547-8181 .- 0018-7208. ; 62:7, s. 1212-1229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This paper aims to describe and test novel computational driver models, predicting drivers’ brake reaction times (BRTs) to different levels of lead vehicle braking, during driving with cruise control (CC) and during silent failures of adaptive cruise control (ACC). Background: Validated computational models predicting BRTs to silent failures of automation are lacking but are important for assessing the safety benefits of automated driving. Method: Two alternative models of driver response to silent ACC failures are proposed: a looming prediction model, assuming that drivers embody a generative model of ACC, and a lower gain model, assuming that drivers’ arousal decreases due to monitoring of the automated system. Predictions of BRTs issued by the models were tested using a driving simulator study. Results: The driving simulator study confirmed the predictions of the models: (a) BRTs were significantly shorter with an increase in kinematic criticality, both during driving with CC and during driving with ACC; (b) BRTs were significantly delayed when driving with ACC compared with driving with CC. However, the predicted BRTs were longer than the ones observed, entailing a fitting of the models to the data from the study. Conclusion: Both the looming prediction model and the lower gain model predict well the BRTs for the ACC driving condition. However, the looming prediction model has the advantage of being able to predict average BRTs using the exact same parameters as the model fitted to the CC driving data. Application: Knowledge resulting from this research can be helpful for assessing the safety benefits of automated driving.
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| 2. |
- Chawade, Aakash, et al.
(författare)
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Data Processing Has Major Impact on the Outcome of Quantitative Label-Free LC-MS Analysis
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Proteome Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1535-3893 .- 1535-3907. ; 14:2, s. 676-687
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-throughput multiplexed protein quantification using mass spectrometry is steadily increasing in popularity, with the two major techniques being data-dependent acquisition (DDA) and targeted acquisition using selected reaction monitoring (SRM). However, both techniques involve extensive data processing, which can be performed by a multitude of different software solutions. Analysis of quantitative LC-MS/MS data is mainly performed in three major steps: processing of raw data, normalization, and statistical analysis. To evaluate the impact of data processing steps, we developed two new benchmark data sets, one each for DDA and SRM, with samples consisting of a long-range dilution series of synthetic peptides spiked in a total cell protein digest. The generated data were processed by eight different software workflows and three postprocessing steps. The results show that the choice of the raw data processing software and the postprocessing steps play an important role in the final outcome. Also, the linear dynamic range of the DDA data could be extended by an order of magnitude through feature alignment and a charge state merging algorithm proposed here. Furthermore, the benchmark data sets are made publicly available for further benchmarking and software developments.
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| 3. |
- Fallara, Giuseppe, et al.
(författare)
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Prostate cancer diagnosis, staging, and treatment in Sweden during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 55:3, s. 184-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction The first case of COVID-19 in Sweden was diagnosed in late January 2020, the first recommendations against the spread of the virus were released in mid-March, and the peak of the first wave of the pandemic was reached in March-June. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the short-term effects of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis, staging, and treatment. Materials and methods Data in the National Prostate Cancer Register (NPCR) of Sweden on newly diagnosed PCa cases and on the number of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures performed between 18 March 2020 and 2 June 2020 were compared with those in the corresponding time periods in 2017-2019, as reported until January 31 of the year after each study period. Results During the study period in 2020, 36% fewer PCa cases were registered in NPCR compared with the corresponding time period in previous years: 1458 cases in 2020 vs a mean of 2285 cases in 2017-2019. The decrease in new PCa registrations was more pronounced in men above age 75 years, down 51%, than in men aged 70-75, down 37%, and in men below age 70, down 28%. There was no decrease in the number of radical prostatectomies and number of radical radiotherapy courses increased by 32%. Conclusions During the peak of the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of men diagnosed with PCa in Sweden decreased by one third compared with previous years, whereas there was no decrease in the number of curative treatments.
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| 4. |
- Jildenstål, Pether, et al.
(författare)
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Agreement between frontal and occipital regional cerebral oxygen saturation in infants during surgery and general anesthesia an observational study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Pediatric Anesthesia. - : Wiley. - 1460-9592 .- 1460-9592 .- 1155-5645. ; 29:11, s. 1122-1127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Background: Advances in perioperative pediatric care have resulted in an increased number of procedures requiring anesthesia. During anesthesia and surgery, the patient is subjected to factors that affect the circulatory homeostasis, which can influence oxygenation of the brain. Near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an easy applicable noninvasive method for monitoring of regional tissue oxygenation (rScO₂%). Alternate placements for NIRS have been investigated; however, no alternative cranial placements have been explored. Aim: To evaluate the agreement between frontal and occipital recordings of rScO₂% in infants using INVOSTM during surgery and general anesthesia. Method: A standard frontal monitoring of rScO₂% with NIRS was compared with occipital rScO₂% measurements in fifteen children at an age <1 year, ASA 1‐2, undergoing cleft lip and/or palate surgery during general anesthesia with sevoflurane. An agreement analysis was performed according to Bland and Altman. Results: Mean values of frontal and occipital rScO₂% at baseline were largely similar (70.7 ± 4.77% and 69.40 ± 5.04%, respectively). In the majority of the patients, the frontal and occipital recordings of rScO2 changed in parallel. There was a moderate positive correlation between frontal and occipital rScO₂% INVOS™ readings (rho[ρ]: 0.513, P < .01). The difference between frontal and occipital rScO₂ ranged from −31 to 28 with a mean difference (bias) of −0.15%. The 95% limit of agreement was −18.04%‐17.74%. The error between frontal and occipital rScO₂ recordings was 23%. Conclusion: The agreement between frontal and occipital recordings of brain rScO₂% in infants using INVOSTM during surgery and general anesthesia was acceptable. In surgical procedures where the frontal region of the head is not available for monitoring, occipital recordings of rScO₂% could be an option for monitoring.
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| 5. |
- Oliveira, Daniel V, et al.
(författare)
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Active immunotherapy reduces NOTCH3 deposition in brain capillaries in a CADASIL mouse model.
- 2022
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Ingår i: EMBO molecular medicine. - : EMBO. - 1757-4684 .- 1757-4676. ; 15:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the most common monogenic form of familial small vessel disease; no preventive or curative therapy is available. CADASIL is caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene, resulting in a mutated NOTCH3 receptor, with aggregation of the NOTCH3 extracellular domain (ECD) around vascular smooth muscle cells. In this study, we have developed a novel active immunization therapy specifically targeting CADASIL-like aggregated NOTCH3 ECD. Immunizing CADASIL TgN3R182C150 mice with aggregates composed of CADASIL-R133C mutated and wild-type EGF1-5 repeats for a total of 4months resulted in a marked reduction (38-48%) in NOTCH3 deposition around brain capillaries, increased microglia activation and lowered serum levels of NOTCH3 ECD. Active immunization did not impact body weight, general behavior, the number and integrity of vascular smooth muscle cells in the retina, neuronal survival, or inflammation or the renal system, suggesting that the therapy is tolerable. This is the first therapeutic study reporting a successful reduction of NOTCH3 accumulation in a CADASIL mouse model supporting further development towards clinical application for the benefit of CADASIL patients.
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| 6. |
- Sandin, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Data processing methods and quality control strategies for label-free LC-MS protein quantification.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3002. ; 1844:1, s. 29-41
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protein quantification using different LC-MS techniques is becoming a standard practice. However, with a multitude of experimental setups to choose from, as well as a wide array of software solutions for subsequent data processing, it is non-trivial to select the most appropriate workflow for a given biological question. In this review, we highlight different issues that need to be addressed by software for quantitative LC-MS experiments and describe different approaches that are available. With focus on label-free quantification, examples are discussed both for LC-MS/MS and LC-SRM data processing. We further elaborate on current quality control methodology for performing accurate protein quantification experiments. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Computational Proteomics in the Post-Identification Era.
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| 7. |
- Teleman, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Dinosaur : A Refined Open-Source Peptide MS Feature Detector
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Proteome Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1535-3893 .- 1535-3907. ; 15:7, s. 2143-2151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In bottom-up mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, peptide isotopic and chromatographic traces (features) are frequently used for label-free quantification in data-dependent acquisition MS but can also be used for the improved identification of chimeric spectra or sample complexity characterization. Feature detection is difficult because of the high complexity of MS proteomics data from biological samples, which frequently causes features to intermingle. In addition, existing feature detection algorithms commonly suffer from compatibility issues, long computation times, or poor performance on high-resolution data. Because of these limitations, we developed a new tool, Dinosaur, with increased speed and versatility. Dinosaur has the functionality to sample algorithm computations through quality-control plots, which we call a plot trail. From the evaluation of this plot trail, we introduce several algorithmic improvements to further improve the robustness and performance of Dinosaur, with the detection of features for 98% of MS/MS identifications in a benchmark data set, and no other algorithm tested in this study passed 96% feature detection. We finally used Dinosaur to reimplement a published workflow for peptide identification in chimeric spectra, increasing chimeric identification from 26% to 32% over the standard workflow. Dinosaur is operating-system-independent and is freely available as open source on https://github.com/fickludd/dinosaur.
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| 8. |
- Bendel, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Reappearance of hippocampal CA1 neurons after ischemia is associated with recovery of learning and memory
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. - : Sage Publications. - 0271-678X .- 1559-7016. ; 25:12, s. 1586-1595
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal CA1 region are essential for cognitive functions such as spatial learning and memory, and are selectively destroyed after cerebral ischemia. To analyze whether degenerated CA1 neurons are replaced by new neurons and whether such regeneration is associated with amelioration in learning and memory deficits, we have used a rat global ischemia model that provides an almost complete disappearance (to approximately 3% of control) of CA1 neurons associated with a robust impairment in spatial learning and memory at two weeks after ischemia. We found that transient cerebral ischemia can evoke a massive formation of new neurons in the CA1 region, reaching approximately 40% of the original number of neurons at 90 days after ischemia (DAI). Co-localization of the mature neuronal marker neuronal nuclei with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine in CA1 confirmed that neurogenesis indeed had occurred after the ischemic insult. Furthermore, we found increased numbers of cells expressing the immature neuron marker polysialic acid neuronal cell adhesion molecule in the adjacent lateral periventricular region, suggesting that the newly formed neurons derive from this region. The reappearance of CA1 neurons was associated with a recovery of ischemia-induced impairments in spatial learning and memory at 90 DAI, suggesting that the newly formed CA1 neurons restore hippocampal CA1 function. In conclusion, these results show that the brain has an endogenous capacity to form new nerve cells after injury, which correlates with a restoration of cognitive functions of the brain.
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| 9. |
- Bergström, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Klimatförändringar och biologisk mångfald : Slutsatser från IPCC och IPBES i ett svenskt perspektiv.
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- De stora miljö- och samhällsproblemen kommer inte ensamma. De är sammankopplade på olika sätt. Detta innebär utmaningar men ger också möjligheter att utveckla åtgärder och lösningar. Det gäller både för klimatfrågan och frågan om att motverka förlusten av biologisk mångfald och ekosystem. Kunskapens betydelse för att hantera dessa och andra aspekter är ovärderlig, såväl kring specifika frågeställningar som kring omständigheter och förutsättningar för åtgärdsarbetet.Den här kunskapssammanställningen har gjorts av forskare från Lunds universitet och Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket och SMHI. Forskarna har tagit avstamp i de omfattande kunskapsutvärderingar som gjorts av den mellanstatliga klimatpanelen (IPCC) och den mellanstatliga plattformen för biologisk mångfald (IPBES). Slutsatserna från IPCC och IPBES sätts i ett svenskt perspektiv, bland annat genom utvalda exempel vilka fungerar som aktuella illustrationer av hur klimatförändringar påverkar biologisk mångfald och ekosystem i Sverige.
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| 10. |
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