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- Benterud, T, et al.
(författare)
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N-Acetylcysteine Amide Exerts Possible Neuroprotective Effects in Newborn Pigs after Perinatal Asphyxia
- 2017
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Ingår i: Neonatology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1661-7819 .- 1661-7800. ; 111:1, s. 12-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <b><i>Background:</i></b> Perinatal asphyxia and ensuing reoxygenation change the antioxidant capacity of cells and organs. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> To analyze the neuroprotective effect of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA) after perinatal hypoxia-reoxygenation with an emphasis on proinflammatory cytokines and the transcription factor NF-κB in the prefrontal cortex of neonatal pigs. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Twenty-nine newborn pigs, aged 12-36 h, were subjected to global hypoxia and hypercapnia. One sham-operated group (n = 5) and 2 experimental groups (n = 12) were exposed to 8% oxygen, until the base excess was -20 mmol/l or the mean arterial blood pressure fell to <20 mm Hg (asphyxia with NACA or saline). The pigs were observed for 9.5 h after hypoxia. Samples of prefrontal cortex and plasma were analyzed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Cortex: there was no significant difference in mRNA expression between the intervention groups regarding IL-1β, IL6, TNFα, MMP2, MMP9 or IL18. Pigs exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation and treatment with NACA (NACA-pigs) had a significantly lower protein concentration of IL-1β than pigs treated with saline (placebo controls), i.e. 8.8 ± 3.9 versus 16.8 ± 10.5 pg/mg protein (p = 0.02). The activation of the transcription factor NF-κB (measured as the fold-change of phosphorylated p65<sup>Ser 536</sup>), was reduced in the NACA-pigs when compared to the placebo controls (5.2 ± 4.3 vs. 16.0 ± 13.5; p = 0.02). No difference between the intervention groups regarding brain histopathology or in the levels of 8-oxoguanine measured in the prefrontal cortex were observed. Plasma: the NACA-pigs had a stronger reduction of TNFα in the first 30 min following asphyxia compared with the placebo controls, i.e. 36 (30-44) versus 24 (14-32)% (p = 0.01). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The reduced levels of the pivotal inflammatory markers IL-1β and TNFα and the transcription factor NF-κB may indicate that NACA has possible neuroprotective effects after perinatal asphyxia.
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- Laureati, M., et al.
(författare)
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Individual differences in texture preferences among European children : Development and validation of the Child Food Texture Preference Questionnaire (CFTPQ)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Food Quality and Preference. - : Elsevier BV. - 0950-3293 .- 1873-6343. ; 80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Texture has an important role in children’s acceptance and rejection of food. However, little is known about individual differences in texture preference. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a child-friendly tool to explore individual differences in texture preferences in school-aged children from six European countries (Austria, Finland, Italy, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom). Six hundred and ten children aged 9–12 years and their parents participated in a cross-sectional study. Children completed the Child Food Texture Preference Questionnaire (CFTPQ) and a Food Neophobia Scale (FNS). The CFTPQ consisted in asking children to choose the preferred item within 17 pairs of pictures of food varying in texture (hard vs. soft or smooth vs. lumpy). Children also evaluated all food items for familiarity. Parents completed the CFTPQ regarding their preferred items, a food frequency questionnaire for their child, and provided background information. For a subset of children, a re-test was done for the CFTPQ and FNS to assess reliability. The results showed that the tool was child-friendly, had high test-retest reliability, and identified country-related differences as well as segments of children with different texture preferences (hard- vs. soft-likers). These segments differed in consumption frequency of healthy foods, and in food neophobia.
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- Proserpio, C., et al.
(författare)
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Cross-national differences in child food neophobia : A comparison of five European countries
- 2020
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Ingår i: Food Quality and Preference. - : Elsevier BV. - 0950-3293 .- 1873-6343. ; 81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Food neophobia (FN) has been extensively explored, especially in children. However, very few studies have compared this food behavior in children from different countries. Considering the clear diversity between European countries in feeding practices and food consumption, it is important to deepen the understanding of cross-national differences in child FN. The aim of this study was to explore and compare FN in five European countries (Finland, Italy, Spain, Sweden and UK) using a food neophobia scale specifically designed for children. Five hundred and twenty-nine children (54% girls) aged 9–12 years were recruited from schools in each country and were asked to complete the Italian Child Food Neophobia Scale (ICFNS, Laureati, Bergamaschi et al., 2015), which was translated into each respective language. Parents (n ≈ 300) completed a food consumption frequency questionnaire for their child, and provided background information. Reliability of the tool was assessed through internal consistency and temporal stability. Total internal consistency was 0.76. When calculated by country, internal consistency was satisfactory (Cronbach’s alpha >0.70) for all countries. FN was negatively associated to fruit and vegetable consumption, liking of wholegrain biscuits, and timing of introduction of semi-solid food. There were small but significant cross-national differences in FN with British and Swedish children being the most neophobic and significantly higher in FN than Finnish children, who were the most neophilic. Results indicate that the tool can be successfully used in all the tested countries with children in the age range of 9–12 years. The tool can be useful to measure the effects of interventions aiming at changing food behaviors, such as reducing FN, among children.
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- Rehbinder, EM, et al.
(författare)
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Dry skin and skin barrier in early infancy
- 2019
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Ingår i: The British journal of dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2133 .- 0007-0963. ; 181:1, s. 218-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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