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- Cornelissen, Johannes H C, et al.
(författare)
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Global negative vegetation feedback to climate warming responses of leaf litter decomposition rates in cold biomes
- 2007
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Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 10:7, s. 619-627
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whether climate change will turn cold biomes from large long-term carbon sinks into sources is hotly debated because of the great potential for ecosystem-mediated feedbacks to global climate. Critical are the direction, magnitude and generality of climate responses of plant litter decomposition. Here, we present the first quantitative analysis of the major climate-change-related drivers of litter decomposition rates in cold northern biomes worldwide.Leaf litters collected from the predominant species in 33 global change manipulation experiments in circum-arctic-alpine ecosystems were incubated simultaneously in two contrasting arctic life zones. We demonstrate that longer-term, large-scale changes to leaf litter decomposition will be driven primarily by both direct warming effects and concomitant shifts in plant growth form composition, with a much smaller role for changes in litter quality within species. Specifically, the ongoing warming-induced expansion of shrubs with recalcitrant leaf litter across cold biomes would constitute a negative feedback to global warming. Depending on the strength of other (previously reported) positive feedbacks of shrub expansion on soil carbon turnover, this may partly counteract direct warming enhancement of litter decomposition.
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- Ekholm, S, et al.
(författare)
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Tolerance and efficacy of Omniscan (gadodiamide injection) in MR imaging of the central nervous system
- 1996
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - 1600-0455. ; 37:2, s. 223-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: This Swedish multicenter trial was performed on patients with known or suspected lesions of the CNS for which an MR examination using a contrast medium was indicated. A total of 8 MR centers participated in the study to establish the safety and efficacy of Omniscan (gadodiamide injection) in clinical routine using a standard dose of 0.1 mmol Gd/kg b.w. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seven hundred adult patients who had been referred for MR investigation of suspected CNS lesions were included in the study. Since most patients were examined on an outpatient basis, it was decided to use an explicit questionnaire regarding adverse events that developed within 24 h after examination. The efficacy evaluation involved comparisons of detectability, delineation, and number of lesions before and after injection of Omniscan. RESULTS: No serious or unexpected adverse event was found. There were a total of 70 (10.2%) patients with adverse events, excluding those judged not to be contrast media-related. However, only 15 patients (2.2%) had adverse events that possibly or probably were related to the contrast medium. Usually, the symptoms were headache, dizziness, abnormal taste, and nausea. Two patients complained of itching, but only one developed urticaria. The efficacy was similar to that of other currently used Gd-based MR agents. Lesions were more often seen on T2-weighted images, but the contrast medium improved lesion delineation, contributing to higher certainty in diagnosis, and provided more confidence in excluding suspected abnormality. CONCLUSION: Omniscan was found to be a safe and clinically valuable contrast medium for MR imaging of the CNS.
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- Takala, S., et al.
(författare)
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Practice patterns in diagnostics, staging, and management strategies of gallbladder cancer among Nordic tertiary centers
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Surgery. - : Sage Publications. - 1457-4969 .- 1799-7267. ; 112:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and objective: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare malignancy in the Nordic countries and no common Nordic treatment guidelines exist. This study aimed to characterize the current diagnostic and treatment strategies in the Nordic countries and disclose differences in these strategies. Methods: This was a survey study with a cross-sectional questionnaire of all 19 university hospitals providing curative-intent surgery for GBC in Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland. Results: In all Nordic countries except Sweden, neoadjuvant/downstaging chemotherapy was used in GBC patients. In T1b and T2, majority of the centers (15-18/19) performed extended cholecystectomy. In T3, majority of the centers (13/19) performed cholecystectomy with resection of segments 4b and 5. In T4, majority of the centers (12-14/19) chose palliative/oncological care. The centers in Sweden extended lymphadenectomy beyond the hepatoduodenal ligament, whereas all other Nordic centers usually limited lymphadenectomy to the hepatoduodenal ligament. All Nordic centers except those in Norway used adjuvant chemotherapy routinely for GBC. There were no major differences between the Nordic centers in diagnostics and follow-up. Conclusions: The surgical and oncological treatment strategies of GBC vary considerably between the Nordic centers and countries.
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- Yaqub, S., et al.
(författare)
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Aspirin as secondary prevention in colorectal cancer liver metastasis (ASAC trial): study protocol for a multicentre randomized placebo-controlled trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: Trials. - London, United Kingdom : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-6215. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Colorectal cancer is one the most common cancers in the western world with increasing incidence. Approximately 50% of the patients develop liver metastases. Resection of liver metastases is the treatment of choice although almost half of the resected patients get recurrence in the liver. Methods The ASAC trial is a Scandinavian, multicentre, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study to determine whether adjuvant treatment with low-dose aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)) can improve disease-free survival in patients treated for colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM). Up to 800 patients operated for CRCLM will be randomized to Arm#1 ASA 160 mg once daily or Arm#2 Placebo, for a period of 3 years or until disease recurrence. The patients will be recruited at all major hepatobiliary surgical units in Norway, Sweden and Denmark and have follow-up according to standard of care and the National Guidelines. Discussion The ASAC trial will be the first clinical interventional trial to assess the potential beneficial role of ASA in recurrence of CRCLM and survival. ASA is an inexpensive, well-tolerated and easily accessible drug that will be highly potential as adjuvant drug in secondary prevention of CRCLM if the study shows a beneficial effect. We will also determine the effect of ASA as adjuvant treatment on Health-Related Quality of Life and the cost-effectiveness.
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