| 1. |
- Bagni, Tommaso, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling Results of the Quench Behavior of a Nb-Ti Canted-Cosine-Theta Corrector Magnet for LHC
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity (Print). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1051-8223 .- 1558-2515. ; 34:5, s. 1-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A newly designed superconducting magnet of the Canted-Cosine-Theta (CCT) type was developed as a result of a collaboration between Swedish universities (Uppsala and Linneaus) and Swedish industries. This magnet was designed to function as a replacement of the present LHC orbit corrector magnets, which are approaching their end of life due to the radiation load. As a result, the new CCT magnet was developed to be more radiation tolerant and to constitute a one-to-one replacement to the currently installed version, which is a 1 m long 70 mm double aperture dipole magnet. The final magnet, which is currently under construction, will be tested at FREIA laboratory at Uppsala University and generate a magnetic field of 3.3 T and an integrated field of 2.8 Tm at about 85 A. To examine the magnet quench behavior and to identify a suitable quench protection system, the 3D electro-magnetic and thermal behavior of the coil was modeled using the RAT-Raccoon software. Based on the simulation results, a Metrosil varistor was selected to protect the magnet during the test. In this article, we report the results of the numerical analysis. The magnet model is equipped with a spot heater to initialize the quench and the temperature and voltages are monitored during the avalanche effect. The simulated current decay and the hot-spot temperature are analyzed with a focus on the impact of quench-back on the magnet protection.
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| 2. |
- Bagni, T., et al.
(författare)
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Modeling Results of the Quench Behavior of a Nb-Ti Canted-Cosine-Theta Corrector Magnet for LHC
- 2024
-
Ingår i: IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity (Print). - : IEEE. - 1051-8223 .- 1558-2515. ; 34:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A newly designed superconducting magnet of the Canted-Cosine-Theta (CCT) type was developed as a result of a collaboration between Swedish universities (Uppsala and Linneaus) and Swedish industries. This magnet was designed to function as a replacement of the present LHC orbit corrector magnets, which are approaching their end of life due to the radiation load. As a result, the new CCT magnet was developed to be more radiation tolerant and to constitute a one-to-one replacement to the currently installed version, which is a 1 m long 70 mm double aperture dipole magnet. The final magnet, which is currently under construction, will be tested at FREIA laboratory at Uppsala University and generate a magnetic field of 3.3 T and an integrated field of 2.8 Tm at about 85 A. To examine the magnet quench behavior and to identify a suitable quench protection system, the 3D electro-magnetic and thermal behavior of the coil was modeled using the RAT-Raccoon software. Based on the simulation results, a Metrosil varistor was selected to protect the magnet during the test. In this article, we report the results of the numerical analysis. The magnet model is equipped with a spot heater to initialize the quench and the temperature and voltages are monitored during the avalanche effect. The simulated current decay and the hot-spot temperature are analyzed with a focus on the impact of quench-back on the magnet protection.
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| 3. |
- Barna, D., et al.
(författare)
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Test Results of the First Wax-Impregnated Nb-Ti Canted Cosine Theta Septum Magnet “SuShi”
- 2024
-
Ingår i: IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity (Print). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1051-8223 .- 1558-2515. ; 34:5, s. 1-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the framework of the future circular collider study, a new septum magnet concept (“SuShi”) has been developed, and a prototype was built at Wigner RCP, and tested at the FREIA facility of Uppsala University. The concept uses a canted cosine theta (CCT)-like superconducting magnet and a passive superconducting shield to create a zero-field and high-field region within its aperture. SuShi is the first CCT magnet with both of its winding layers simultaneously impregnated with wax. Details of the construction will be presented, with special emphasis on the wax impregnation procedure which deals with the ∼ 15% contraction of wax upon solidification. The empty magnet (no shield in its aperture) was powered without training to 450 A with a peak field of 3.64 T, corresponding to 80% of the short sample limit of the conductor along the load line. No quench or other anomaly was observed during the entire testing period. A clear onset of quench-back was observed above about 200 A.
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| 4. |
- Barna, D., et al.
(författare)
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Training-free performance of the wax-impregnated SuShi septum magnet
- 2024
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Ingår i: Superconductors Science and Technology. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0953-2048 .- 1361-6668. ; 37:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the framework of the Future Circular Collider Study a new septum magnet concept, nicknamed 'SuShi' has been developed, and a prototype was built at Wigner Research Center for Physics, and tested at the FREIA facility of Uppsala University in April 2023. The concept uses a canted cosine theta (CCT)-like superconducting magnet and a passive superconducting shield to create a zero-field and high-field region within its aperture. SuShi is the first CCT magnet with both of its winding layers simultaneously impregnated with wax. This paper describes the first powering test of the empty magnet at 4.2 K, without the shield being inserted in its aperture. The performance of the magnet, including the observation of quench-back, estimation of hot-spot temperatures and the fraction of energy dissipated in the magnet are presented, and most interestingly the absence of any quench during the entire testing period is reported. Sushi reached its nominal +5% peak field of 3.64 T at 450 A, which corresponds to 80% of the calculated short sample limit along the load line, without training.
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| 5. |
- Bhattacharyya, Anirban, et al.
(författare)
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ESS RF Source and Spoke Cavity Test Plan
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report describes the test plan for the first high power RF source, ESS prototype double spoke cavity and ESS prototype cryomodule at the FREIA Laboratory.
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| 6. |
- Goryashko, Vitaliy, et al.
(författare)
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HIGH-PRECISION MEASUREMENTS OF THE QUALITY FACTOR OFSUPER CONDUCTING CAVITIES AT THE FREIA LABORATORY
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dependence of cavity quality factor Q0 on accelerating gradient gives insight into the intrinsic limit of RFsurface impedance that determines the cavity performance. In this paper we propose a high-precision method of measuringQ0 of SRF cavities. A common way to study the performance of an SRF cavity is to build an oscillator around it that is referred to as a self-excited loop. In the standard approach, by tuning the loop phase for a maximum field level in thecavity and measuring forward and reflected waves, one finds the cavity coupling. Then, performing a time-decay measurement and finding the total quality factor, one gets Q0. However, this approach suffers from a deficiency originating from a single data-point measurement of the reflection coefficient. In our method by varying the loop phase shift, one obtains amplitudes of the reflection coefficient of the cavity as a function of its phases. The complex reflection coefficient describes a perfect circle in polar coordinates. Fitting the overdetermined set of data to that circle allows more accurate calculation of Q0 via the least-squares procedure. The method has been tested at the FREIA Laboratory on two cavities from IPN Orsay: a single spoke and a prototype ESS double spoke.
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| 7. |
- Goryashko, Vitaliy, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Proposal for Design and Test of a 352 MHz Spoke RF Source
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- More than a dozen of spoke resonators prototypes (SSR, DSR, TSR) have been constructed and tested worldwide. None have accelerated beam until now and the ESS LINAC will be the first accelerator to operate with spoke cavities. Experience with other types of superconducting cavities indicates that high-power test is vital for reliable operation of the cavity in an accelerator. Although characteristics of a bare cavity can be obtained in a low-power test some important features of a `dressed' cavity like the electroacoustic stability and tuning system can be studied only in a high-power test stand. The ESS LINAC is a pulsed machine and the Lorentz detuning originating from the electromagnetic pressure on the cavity walls is expected to be strong. The Lorentz force along with the cavity sensitivity to mechanical excitations at some resonant frequencies may lead to self-sustained mechanical vibrations which make cavity operation dicult. Practical experience shows that increasing the boundary stiness will decrease the static Lorentz force detuning but not necessarily the dynamic one. Therefore, the FREIA group at Uppsala University is building a high-power test stand able to study performance of the ESS spoke cavity at high power. The RF test stand will be able to drive the cavity not only in the self-excitation mode but also with closed RF loop and fixed frequency. The later technique will be used to reproduce the shape of the cavity voltage pulse as it is expected to be in the cavity operating in the ESS LINAC such that the cavity tuning compensation system will be tested under realistic conditions.
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| 8. |
- Junquera, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Design of a New Horizontal Test Cryostat for Scrfcavities at the Uppsala University
- 2014
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Ingår i: SRF2013: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on RF Superconductivity. - 9783954501434 ; , s. 325-327
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- At Uppsala University, the FREIA facility for researchand development of new accelerators and associatedinstrumentation, is presently in construction. Associatedto a new Helium Liquefier, a Horizontal Test Cryostat willbe used for high power RF tests of completely equippedSC cavities. This paper presents the main characteristicsof the cryostat. Two types of cavities have beenconsidered for test purpose: SC elliptical cavities forfuture free electron lasers and SC cavities for highintensity proton accelerators. A special valve boxincluding a subcooling stage and power coupler coolingwith supercritical Helium supply have been designed, fortemperature operation ranging from 2 K to 4.2 K. Thisfacility will play an essential role in the development andtest of cavities, couplers and cryomodules for the ESSproject. High power RF sources will be installed in orderto allow unique and complete tests of spoke cavities andcryomodules at high nominal peak power.
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| 9. |
- Li, Han, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of a beta=0.5 double spoke cavity with a fixed power coupler
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 927, s. 63-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ESS, the European Spallation Source, will adopt a single family of double spoke cavities for accelerating the beam from the normal conducting section to the first family of the elliptical superconducting cavities. It will be the first double spoke cavities in the world to be commissioned for a high power proton accelerator. The first double spoke cavity for the ESS project was tested with high power in the HNOSS cryostat at Uppsala University. A pulse-mode test stand based on a self-excited loop was used in this test. The qualification of the cavity package involves a double-spoke superconducting cavity, a fixed fundamental power coupler, tuner, a low-level radiofrequency (LLRF) system and a high-power radiofrequency (RF) station. The test represents an important verification milestone before the module assembly. This cavity had unfortunately a high dynamic loss of 12W @ 9 MV/m, where potential causes for such a high value have been studied and corresponding suggestions are listed. This paper presents the test configuration, RF conditioning history, first high power performance and experience of this cavity package.
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| 10. |
- Li, Han, et al.
(författare)
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ESS Spoke Cavity Conditioning at FREIA
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of IPAC2017. - 9783954501823 ; , s. 1074-1076
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The first ESS double spoke cavity installed with RF power coupler was tested in the HNOSS cryostat at the FREIA Laboratory. Power coupler and cavity conditioning have been optimized in order to reach high efficiency and high availability by reducing the time and effort of the overall conditioning process. Meanwhile, an optimal procedure for ESS conditioning is studied. This paper presents the study result and experience of the RF conditioning procedure for the first ESS double spoke cavity.
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