| 1. |
- Bygdell, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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A comprehensive characterization of patients diagnosed with post-COVID-19 condition in Sweden 16 months after the introduction of the International Classification of Diseases Tenth Revision diagnosis code (U09.9): a population-based cohort study.
- 2023
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Ingår i: International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-3511. ; 126, s. 104-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive characterization of patients diagnosed with post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) during the first 16 months of use of the International Classification of Diseases revision 10 (ICD-10) diagnosis code U09.9 in Sweden.We used data from national registers and primary health care databases for all adult inhabitants of the two largest regions in Sweden, comprising 4.1 million inhabitants (approximately 40% of the Swedish population). We present the cumulative incidence and incidence rate of PCC overall and among subgroups and describe patients with COVID-19 with or without PCC regarding sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, subsequent diseases, COVID-19 severity, and virus variants.Of all registered COVID-19 cases available for PCC diagnosis (n=506,107), 2.0% (n=10,196) had been diagnosed with PCC using ICD-10 code U09.9 as of February 15, 2022 in the two largest regions in Sweden. The cumulative incidence was higher among women than men (2.3% vs 1.6%, P <0.001). The majority of PCC cases (n=7162, 70.2%) had not been hospitalized for COVID-19. This group was more commonly female (69.9% vs 52.9%, P <0.001), had a tertiary education (51.0% vs 44.1%, P <0.001), and was older (median age difference 5.7 years, P <0.001) than non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 without PCC.This characterization furthers the understanding of patients diagnosed with PCC and could support policy makers with appropriate societal and health care resource allocation.
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| 2. |
- Defianna, S. R., et al.
(författare)
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Gender differences in prevalence and risk factors for hypertension among adult populations: A cross-sectional study in indonesia
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although hypertension is among the main public health concerns in Indonesia, due to the scarcity of data, few studies have investigated the factors associated with hypertension in men and women. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of and factors associated with hypertension among adult men and women in Indonesia. The 2018 Survey of the Sleman Health Demographic and Surveillance System was utilized, consisting of 4328 individuals aged 18+ years. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the sociodemographic and health behavior factors of hypertension. Overall, the prevalence of hypertension was 40% (42% in men and 38% in women). Age, abdominal obesity and chronic non-communicable diseases were the common predictors of hypertension in men and women (p < 0.05). The odds ratio of hypertension among men with low education was lower than among those with high education (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.29–0.94). For women, being in the poorest socioeconomic condition increased the risk of hypertension by 1.67 times compared to the richest (95% CI: 1.21–2.32). Gender differences in the prevalence of and factors associated with hypertension were observed among adult populations in Sleman District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Therefore, a gender-based approach in the health prevention strategy to control hypertension for men and women is needed. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Eriksson, Malin, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Social Capital and Sustainable Social Development-How Are Changes in Neighbourhood Social Capital Associated with Neighbourhood Sociodemographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 13:23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of social capital is acknowledged as key for sustainable social development. Little is known about how social capital changes over time and how it correlates with sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors. This study was conducted in 46 neighbourhoods in Umea Municipality, northern Sweden. The aim was to examine neighbourhood-level characteristics associated with changes in neighbourhood social capital and to discuss implications for local policies for sustainable social development. We designed an ecological study linking survey data to registry data in 2006 and 2020. Over 14 years, social capital increased in 9 and decreased in 15 neighbourhoods. Higher levels of social capital were associated with specific sociodemographic factors, but these differed in urban and rural areas. Urban neighbourhoods with a higher proportion of older pensioners (OR = 1.49, CI: 1.16-1.92), children under 12 (OR= 2.13, CI: 1.31-3.47), or a lower proportion of foreign-born members (OR= 0.32, CI: 0.19-0.55) had higher odds for higher social capital levels. In rural neighbourhoods, a higher proportion of single-parent households was associated with higher levels of social capital (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.04-1.98). Neighbourhood socioeconomic factors such as income or educational level did not influence neighbourhood social capital. Using repeated measures of social capital, this study gives insights into how social capital changes over time in local areas and the factors influencing its development. Local policies to promote social capital for sustainable social development should strive to integrate diverse demographic groups within neighbourhoods and should increase opportunities for inter-ethnic interactions.
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| 5. |
- Hakimi, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Is self-rated health an independent index for mortality among older people in Indonesia?
- 2012
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Ingår i: PloS one. - San Francisco : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Empirical studies on the association between self-rated health (SRH) and subsequent mortality are generally lacking in low- and middle-income countries. The evidence on whether socio-economic status and education modify this association is inconsistent. This study aims to fill these gaps using longitudinal data from a Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) site in Indonesia.In 2010, we assessed the mortality status of 11,753 men and women aged 50+ who lived in Purworejo HDSS and participated in the INDEPTH WHO SAGE baseline in 2007. Information on self-rated health, socio-demographic indicators, disability and chronic disease were collected through face-to-face interview at baseline. We used Cox-proportional hazards regression for mortality and included all variables measured at baseline, including interaction terms between SRH and both education and socio-economic status (SES).During an average of 36 months follow-up, 11% of men and 9.5% of women died, resulting in death rates of 3.1 and 2.6 per 1,000 person-months, respectively. The age-adjusted Hazard Ratio (HR) for mortality was 17% higher in men than women (HR=1.17; 95% CI=1.04-1.31). After adjustment for covariates, the hazard ratios for mortality in men and women reporting bad health were 3.0 (95% CI=2.0-4.4) and 4.9 (95% CI=3.2-7.4), respectively. Education and SES did not modify this association for either sex.This study supports the predictive power of bad self-rated health for subsequent mortality in rural Indonesian men and women 50 years old and over. In these analyses, education and household socio-economic status do not modify the relationship between SRH and mortality. This means that older people who rate their own health poorly should be an important target group for health service interventions.
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| 6. |
- Kirui, Brian Kibiwott, et al.
(författare)
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Pre- and post-vaccination characteristics and risk factors for COVID-19 outcomes in a Swedish population-based cohort of COPD patients
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal Open Research (ERJ Open Research). - : European Respiratory Society. - 2312-0541. ; 9:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale Evidence on risk factors for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes among patients with COPD in relation to COVID-19 vaccination remains limited. The objectives of the present study were to characterise determinants of COVID-19 infection, hospitalisation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death in COPD patients in their unvaccinated state compared to when vaccinated. Methods We included all COPD patients in the Swedish National Airway Register (SNAR). Events of COVID-19 infection (test and/or healthcare encounter), hospitalisation, ICU admission and death were identified from 1 January 2020 to 30 November 2021. Using adjusted Cox regression, associations between baseline sociodemographics, comorbidities, treatments, clinical measurements and COVID-19 outcomes, during unvaccinated and vaccinated follow-up time, were analysed. Results The population-based COPD cohort included 87472 patients, among whom 6771 (7.7%) COVID-19 infections, 2897 (3.3%) hospitalisations, 233 (0.3%) ICU admissions and 882 (1.0%) COVID-19 deaths occurred. During unvaccinated follow-up, risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation and death increased with age, male sex, lower education, non-married status and being foreign-born. Comorbidities increased risk of several outcomes, e.g. respiratory failure for infection and hospitalisation (adjusted hazard ratios (HR) 1.78, 95% CI 1.58–2.02 and 2.51, 2.16–2.91, respectively), obesity for ICU admission (3.52, 2.29–5.40) and cardiovascular disease for mortality (2.80, 2.16–3.64). Inhaled COPD therapy was associated with infection, hospitalisation and death. COPD severity was also associated with COVID-19, especially hospitalisation and death. Although the risk factor panorama was similar, COVID-19 vaccination attenuated HRs for some risk factors. Conclusion This study provides population-based evidence on predictive risk factors for COVID-19 outcomes and highlights the positive implications of COVID-19 vaccination for COPD patients.
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| 7. |
- Kirui, Brian, et al.
(författare)
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Key Characteristics of Asthma Patients with COVID-19 Vary Substantially by Age
- 2024
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF ASTHMA AND ALLERGY. - : Dove Medical Press. - 1178-6965. ; 17, s. 589-600
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Assessing COVID-19 risk in asthma patients is challenging due to disease heterogeneity and complexity. We hypothesized that potential risk factors for COVID-19 may differ among asthma age groups, hindering important insights when studied together. Methods: We included a population-based cohort of asthma patients from the Swedish National Airway Register (SNAR) and linked to data from several national health registers. COVID-19 outcomes included infection, hospitalization, and death from Jan 2020 until Feb 2021. Asthma patients were grouped by ages 12-17, 18-39, 40-64, and >= 65 years. Characteristics of asthma patients with different COVID-19 outcomes were compared with those in their age-corresponding respective source population. Results: Among 201,140 asthma patients studied, 11.2% were aged 12-17 years, 26.4% 18-39, 37.6% 40-64, and 24.9% >65 years. We observed 18,048 (9.0%) COVID-19 infections, 2172 (1.1%) hospitalizations, and 336 (0.2%) COVID-19 deaths. Deaths occurred only among patients aged >40. When comparing COVID-19 cases to source asthma populations by age, large differences in potential risk factors emerged, mostly for COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths. For ages 12-17, these included education, employment, autoimmune, psychiatric, and depressive conditions, and use of short-acting I3-agonists (SABA) and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). In the 18-39 age group, largest differences were for age, marital status, respiratory failure, anxiety, and body mass index. Ages 40-64 displayed notable differences for sex, birth region, cancer, oral corticosteroids, antihistamines, and smoking. For those aged >65, largest differences were observed for cardiovascular comorbidities, type 1 diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, allergic conditions, and specific asthma treatments (ICS-SABA, ICS-long-acting bronchodilators (LABA)). Asthma control and lung function were important across all age groups. Conclusion: We identify distinct differences in COVID-19-related risk factors among asthma patients of different ages. This information is essential for assessing COVID-19 risk in asthma patients and for tailoring patient care and public health strategies accordingly. Plain language summary: Why was the study done? Asthma patients may be more susceptible to COVID-19 outcomes. Asthma affects all ages, and COVID-19-related risk factors may vary with age. Investigating factors that contribute to COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality within distinct age groups of asthma patients can yield a more comprehensive understanding of the age-specific nuances of COVID-19 risk. What did the researchers do and find? We analyzed sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, prescribed medications, and clinical characteristics of asthma patients with COVID-19 in different age groups and compared them with their age-corresponding source asthma populations. Potential risk factors for COVID-19 and its outcomes differed by age group For ages 12-17, these included education, employment, autoimmune, psychiatric, and depressive conditions, and use of short-acting I3-agonists (SABA) and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). In the 18-39 age group, largest differences were for age, marital status, respiratory failure, anxiety, and body mass index. Ages 40-64 displayed notable differences for sex, birth region, cancer, oral corticosteroids, antihistamines, and smoking. For those aged >65, largest differences were observed for cardiovascular comorbidities, type 1 diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, allergic asthma, and specific asthma treatments (ICS-SABA, ICS -long -acting bronchodilators (LABA)). Asthma control and lung function were important across all age groups. What do these results mean? These results emphasize the importance of recognizing age -specific patterns contributing to COVID-19 risk for consideration in causal analyses. The findings also highlight the necessity for age -specific approaches in both clinical and public health interventions in managing COVID-19 in asthma patients.
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| 8. |
- Kodriati, N., et al.
(författare)
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Fatherhood and Smoking Problems in Indonesia: Exploration of Potential Protective Factors for Men Aged 18-49 Years from the United Nations Multi-Country Study on Men and Violence
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601. ; 17:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Despite the sustained high prevalence of smoking among Indonesian adult men, little is known about possible protective factors in this group. This study examined the relationship between key characteristics of masculinity (e.g., fatherhood status, being the main breadwinner or sole provider for the family) and current smoking behaviours (smoking status and cigarettes smoked per day (CPD)) among Indonesian men aged 18-49 years. Methods: In total, 2540 Indonesian men aged 18-49 participated in the United Nations Multi-Country Study on Men and Violence, 2012. Fatherhood status was categorised into three groups: nonfathers, new fathers and more experienced fathers. The association between fatherhood status and current smoking, as well as fatherhood status and cigarettes smoked per day (CPD), was estimated by employing logistic and zero-inflated negative binomial regressions, respectively. Results: Socioeconomic factors were associated with smoking behaviour among Indonesian adult men. The odds of smoking among new fathers and more experienced fathers were 2.3 (95% CI: 1.09-4.79) and 1.5 times (95% CI: 1.08-2.17) higher compared with nonfathers, respectively. Men who had a shared income with their partner or received income from their parents smoked 13% (95% CI 0.79-0.95) and 11% fewer CPD (95% CI 0.79-0.99) compared with men who were the main breadwinner, respectively. Conclusions: In this study, fatherhood represents an aspect of traditionally masculine roles, offering a new perspective for looking at smoking problems in Indonesia. Other key aspects of traditional masculinity characteristics, the breadwinner role, occupation and sources of family income had significant associations with smoking status and CPD. Men smoked fewer CPD as fathers and when sharing the financial responsibility for their family equally with their spouse.
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| 9. |
- Kodriati, N., et al.
(författare)
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Perceived social benefits versus perceived harms of smoking among Indonesian boys aged 12 16 years: A secondary analysis of Global Youth Tobacco Survey 2014
- 2020
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Ingår i: Tobacco Prevention & Cessation. - : E.U. European Publishing. - 2459-3087. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION Smoking among boys has not been prioritised as a gender issue despite its high prevalence worldwide. In Indonesia, steep increases in prevalence have been observed in adolescent boys. This study explored how smoking-related beliefs are associated with smoking among this group. METHODS Data extracted from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey Indonesia 2014, provided a nationally representative sample of 2729 male students aged 12-16 years. Measures of smoking-related beliefs were derived from eight survey items using principal component analysis. Associations between resulting components and smoking outcomes were modelled using logistic regression. RESULTS Smoking prevalence was found to be almost tripling between ages 12 to 16 years. Smoking-related belief items clustered into two components: perceived social benefits and perceived harms. The four beliefs representing smoking's perceived social benefits and measures of smokers in the boys' social circles increased with age while the four beliefs representing smoking's perceived harms remained stable except an item of safe to smoke for one or two years, which increased with age. The two components of smoking-related beliefs were associated with smoking in opposite ways that represent boys' masculine tendency for risk-taking and risk minimisation. For example, score increases for perceived benefits were positively associated with susceptibility to future tobacco use (OR=1.6; 95% CI: 1.3-1.9) but an increased score of perceived harm was negatively associated with susceptibility to future tobacco use (OR=0.8; 95% CI: 0.7-0.9). CONCLUSIONS Indonesian boys experience a rapid increase in smoking outcomes and smoking reported among their social circle. The sustained high percentage of smoking harms but also increased social benefits are similar to the concept of risk minimisation that is closely related to the masculine tendency to undermine health hazards of tobacco. Therefore, it is important to focus on these highly gender-related issues within the country.
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| 10. |
- Kusumaningrum, Fitrina Mahardani, et al.
(författare)
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Factors related to quality of life in community-dwelling adults in Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Results from a cross-sectional study
- 2024
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - 1932-6203. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundQuality of life studies in low- and middle-income countries have demonstrated the influence of socioeconomic factors on the quality of life (QoL). However, further studies are required to confirm this association in developing countries with rapidly ageing populations. Using Ferrans et al.'s QoL model, this study aimed to identify the factors associated with the QoL of community-dwelling adults in Indonesia.MethodsA cross-sectional study among 546 community-dwelling adults aged 50+ years was conducted in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, in 2018. QoL was measured using the Short Form 12 questionnaire, which consists of a summary of physical and mental health. We performed stepwise logistic regression analyses to determine odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and examined the association between the QoL (physical and mental health) and demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, financial management behaviour, multimorbidity status, nutritional status, cognitive impairment status, depression status, and independence. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.ResultsAmong the respondents, 15% reported poor physical health, and 9.2% reported poor mental health. Good physical health was significantly associated with the absence of chronic disease (OR 2.39; 95% CI: 1.07-5.33), independence in activities of daily living (OR 3.90; 95% CI 1.57-9.67) and instrumental activities of daily living (OR 4.34; 95% CI 2.28-8.26). Absence of depression was significantly associated with good mental health (OR 2.80; 95% CI 1.3-5.96).ConclusionThe QoL of community-dwelling adults in Indonesia is associated with activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living, as well as the absence of chronic disease and depression. Efforts should be made to prevent chronic disease and delay functional decline through healthy lifestyles and routine physical and mental health screenings.
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