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| 2. |
- Corovic, Jelena, 1980-
(författare)
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Offender Profiling in Cases of Swedish Stranger Rapes
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Swedish national statistics suggest that the number of reported stranger rapes is steadily increasing. Stranger rape is one of the most difficult types of crime for the police to investigate because there is no natural tie between the victim and offender. As a result, there is a need for more knowledge about how crime scene features could be used to make inferences of likely offender characteristics that could help investigators narrow down the pool of suspects. The aim in Study I was to examine how offender behaviors interact with contextual features, victim behaviors, and the assault outcome. Results suggest that the stranger rapes could be distinguished by five different dynamic rape pattern themes, which mainly differed on two dimensions: level of violence to control the victim, and level of impulsivity/premeditation characterizing the rapes. The results also highlight the importance of including contextual features when studying offender behaviors. The aim in Study II was to examine how single-victim rapists and serial rapists can be differentiated by the actions at their first stranger rape. Results suggest that three behaviors in conjunction: kissed victim, controlled victim, and offender drank alcohol before the offense, could be used to predict whether the offender was a single-victim rapist or serial rapist with a classification accuracy of 80.4 %. The aim in Study III was to examine how stranger rapists could be differentiated from a normative sample on background characteristics, and if stranger rapists’ pre-assault and initial-attack behaviors could be used to predict likely offender characteristics. Results showed that the strongest predictions could be made for previous criminal convictions, offender age, and the distance traveled by the offender to offend. Overall, the present thesis has found some scientific support for the use of crime scene behaviors to make inferences of likely offender characteristics that could be useful for profiling purposes.
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| 3. |
- Ebberline, Jessica, 1978-
(författare)
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Child molesters and children as witnesses : spatial behaviour, modus operandi and memory recall
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Offenders who target children are a negative phenomenon in our society. These offenders are often seen as the worst of the worst of criminals and are therefore a priority for investigators trying to solve these crimes as fast as possible. The purpose of this thesis is to see if there are common denominators among these offenders in their modus operandi (MO) and their spatial patterns. If similar patterns emerge amongst these offenders, that would be of investigative importance for those who work with crimes against children. In Study I, a group of child molesters and their MO were studied in order to see how they found their victims and where they committed their crimes. The results were consistent with previous studies on child molesters in that they all committed their crimes at home or close to their homes. In Study II, a geographical profiling tool was tested in order to see if such a program could be used to find an offender who made obscene phone calls (OPC) to children. The results showed that the geographical software based on spatial behaviour, was able to narrow down the search area in which the offender actually lived when he committed his crimes. In Study III, the focus was on the potential witnesses/victims and how much a child could remember correctly of a staged event simulating a potential child molester looking for new victims. The results showed that the children’s event memory were comparable with an adult control group. The combined results could be summarized as follows: offenders who target children usually commit their crimes at home or close to home (or base), they tend to lure children to go with them by using bribes or the recruitment of former victims. Girls seem to be the preferred sex over boys. Children could be used as accurate witnesses in these types of crimes.
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| 4. |
- Gunst, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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A study of possible associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor 2 gene and female sexual desire.
- 2015
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Ingår i: The journal of sexual medicine. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1743-6109 .- 1743-6095. ; 12:3, s. 676-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Female sexual desire and arousal problems have been shown to have a heritable component of moderate size. Previous molecular genetic studies on sexual desire have mainly focused on genes associated with neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin. Nevertheless, there is reason to believe that hormones with more specific functions concerning sexuality could have an impact on sexual desire and arousal.
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| 5. |
- Jern, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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A Study of Possible Associations Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Serotonin Receptor 1A, 1B, and 2C Genes and Self-Reported Ejaculation Latency Time
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Journal of Sexual Medicine. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1743-6109 .- 1743-6095. ; 9:3, s. 866-872
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction. Previous research has indicated that serotonergic genes may influence ejaculatory function. Attempts to investigate effects of polymorphisms in serotonergic genes have been carried out, but so far, no study has conducted exploratory genotype analyses regarding the serotonin receptor 1A, 1B, and 2C subtypes, which have been hypothesized to mediate the inhibitory effects of serotonin on ejaculation in rodents. Aim. The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of a total of six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in genes encoding serotonin receptor subtypes 1A, 1B, and 2C on self-reported ejaculation latency time. Methods. A retrospective self-report measure of ejaculation latency time was used to investigate ejaculatory function in a population-based sample of 1,399 male twins. DNA was collected using self-administered saliva sampling. Main Outcome Measure. Calculations of allelic effects were conducted using the Generalized Estimating Equations module of PASW 18.0, which appropriately controls for between-subjects dependence. Results. Out of six investigated polymorphisms, two SNPs (both serotonin receptor 5-HT(1B) linked) had a significant main effect on ejaculation latency time. Of these, one (rs11568817) remained significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, indicating that individuals homozygous for the G allele had significantly shorter ejaculation latencies. Conclusions. The results of this study support the hypothesis that serotonergic genes play a role in ejaculatory function in the general population. Replication of the results of the present study is warranted. Jern P, Westberg L, Johansson A, Gunst A, Eriksson E, Sandnabba K, and Santtila P. A study of possible associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the serotonin receptor 1A, 1B, and 2C genes and self-reported ejaculation latency time. J Sex Med **;**:**-**.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Jern, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Investigate Associations between Ejaculatory Latency and Control in Partnered and Non-Partnered Sexual Activities.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of sex research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1559-8519 .- 0022-4499. ; 48:4, s. 316-324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) was used to investigate associations between, and variations in, ejaculatory control and ejaculation latency time (ELT) over repeated measurements of sexual activities. Differences between measures recorded in partnered or non-partnered settings were also investigated. The sample consisted of 21 male Finns aged 18 years or above, contributing a total of 158 reports of partnered and non-partnered sexual activities over a six-week period. In the context of non-partnered sexual activities, after controlling for within-subjects dependence, ELTs between events were predictive of one another, but ELT did not predict ejaculatory control when measured simultaneously, nor at subsequent events. Also, ejaculatory control could not predict simultaneously measured ELT or ejaculatory control at subsequent events. During partnered sexual activities, both ejaculatory control and ELT could be accurately predicted by observing ejaculatory control at prior events. In this context, ejaculatory control could also reliably predict simultaneously measured ELT. ELT or ejaculatory control during partnered sexual activity could not be predicted by observing ELT at prior events. Between-event correlations were generally low, indicating considerable variation in ejaculatory functioning over time. EMA is a thrifty assessment method for studying variations in ejaculatory function, and is likely suitable for studying sexual dysfunctions in general.
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| 8. |
- Karlsson, Ingemar, 1958-
(författare)
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Memories of traumatic events among swedish police officers
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Police officers run a risk of exposure to extremely stressful and traumatic situations in their work. Such situations may involve anything from being the first to arrive at the scene of a traffic accident to investigations of brutal murders or acute threat situations in which they themselves are forced to use force. The main purpose of this thesis was to study police officers' memory for emotional events. One aim of this thesis was to investigate situations perceived as stressful by Swedish police officers and to look at the support and help they received in relation to these situations. One focus in this research is on how we remember an emotional event and how ratings of reactions and symptoms develop over time. Another question raised is: ”Do police officers remember emotional events differently than people in general?” Given that police officers often deal with highly emotional events in their occupation, their experience may improve their accuracy in remembering such events. Study 1 explored whether police personnel were more correct in their observations of a simulated violent crime than were civilians. Results showed that police officers were more accurate in remembering details of the crime than were police recruits, civilian students and teachers. Police officers' greater ability to sort out and analyze information from a crime-relevant situation may be based on their professional knowledge and experience of violent crime. Study 2 compared experienced police officers and civilians with respect to memory performance and intergroup biases in a witness situation. The results showed that police officers remembered the perpetrator and his weapon more accurately than did civilians. Moreover, in their evaluation of an immigrant and a Swedish perpetrator, police officers were less ethnocentric than were civilians. Study 3 investigated situations perceived as stressful by Swedish police officers and looked at the kind of support and help they received in relation to these situations. Results showed that most of the traumatic experiences reported by police officers occurred early on in their careers. The traumatic experiences often remained in their memories in the form of visual, tactile and olfactory sensations. A variety of stress reactions were described in connection with these experiences, such as inability to talk about the situation, muscle tremors, nausea, denial, flashbacks, etc. As regards ways of working through traumatic experiences, more than half reported that it helped them to talk about the event with their colleagues. A notable finding of this study is that the majority of officers did not receive any support at all from their superiors in connection with the event. In Study 4, police officers involved in a mass shooting resulting in seven dead civilians were asked to describe the event 10 months after the event, five years after the event and again nine years after the event. All police officers in this study reported having vivid memories of the mass shooting incident, and visual and auditory memories of the event were best retained, although a decline was observed nine years after the incident. Regarding working through the traumatic experience, the police officers had not been offered professional help in connection with the mass shooting incident.
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| 9. |
- Landström, Sara, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Förövarpsykologi
- 2021
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Ingår i: Handbok i rättspsykologi (andra upplagan). - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147113064 ; , s. 67-88
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Berättelser om mord och sexuellt våld ger upphov till såväl avsky som fascination. Vilka är förövarna och varför begår de dessa handlingar? Det finns inga enkla svar på dessa frågor men forskare inom rättspsykologi, kriminologi och rättspsykiatri har bidragit med både teoretiska perspektiv och empiriska fynd som är relevanta för att förstå förövarna. Detta kapitel ger en översiktlig genomgång av generellt bidragande faktorer, så kallade riskfaktorer, till allvarlig brottslighet. Dessutom beskrivs förövarna bakom några av de grövsta brotten: mord, seriemord, skolskjutningar, terrorism och sexualbrott.
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| 10. |
- Madsen, Kent, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Interview styles, adult's recall and personality in investigative interview settings : mediation and moderation effects
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cogent Psychology. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 2331-1908. ; 5:1, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have investigated the effects of a humanitarian rapport-orientated and a dominant non-rapport-orientated interview style on the memory performance of adults in two interviews separated by a 6-month interval. Also, the impact of interviewees’ personality on recall was investigated. In the present exploratory study, the data that formed the basis of previous findings were re-analysed for potential indirect effects of interview approach on interviewees’ recall, and for any potential relation between the interview approach and interviewees’ recall as moderated by their personality. Results showed three full mediation effects in the second interview: the rapport index (interviewers’ demeanour) mediated the relation between the interview approach and increased recall; the non-rapport index mediated the relations between the interview approach and decreased recall. Follow-up analyses showed a full mediation effect for the individual items friendliness and cooperation in the rapport index, and for negative attitude, nonchalance, impatience and brusqueness and obstinacy in the non-rapport index. Moreover, the results showed a significant moderation effect; the relationship between the interview approach and confabulated memories being moderated by openness to experience; and a high level of openness was associated with an increase in confabulated memories.
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