| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Ahsan, Murshidul, et al.
(författare)
-
Casting methods, slaughtering activities, hygiene practice and animal welfare of cattle-buffalo at local slaughter houses in Bangladesh
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Presented at the Eighteenth BSVER Annual Scientific Conference (BSVER ASCon XVIII) Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU). Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh, 18-19 February 2012. ; , s. 34-35
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The study documented first time in Bangladesh of different locally practiced rope casting methods of Cattle-buffalo before slaughtering at local slaughter houses of six representative places of five different districts. The study also documented the most inhumane and primitive system of Cattle-buffalo transportation and handling in the abattoirs from both native and cross-border traded source. Animals were transported by driving on foot or in crowded truck for several days over harsh road without feed, water and adequate rest. We found that 89.06% animals were injured at sacral, ribs and shoulder area due to transportation in densely populated truck among 64 injured animals. It revealed that animals were slaughtered beside human toilet, road sides, unclean surface; and Dogs, Crows and Chickens easily entered at slaughter area. More than 21% animals were in very poor health condition and cachectic and 21.19% animals were injured and 11.25% animals had other clinical signs among 302 inspected animals. Diarrhoea was predominant other than injury (59.09%) and elevated body temp to the next (25%) and one pregnant animal also found to slaughter. We also detected six heavily injured and one highly exhausted lied animals just after unloading of truck by instant inspection at Cattle market. The research revealed that in Bangladesh Muslim Scholars permit conditional stunning before slaying but lack of facilities and information, humane slaughtering method is not practiced. Lack of implementation of the “Animal Slaughter and Meat Control Act”, absence or weak inspection of veterinarian increased unauthorized butcher-man and slaughter house; unhygienic, unsafe and lower quality meat production; animal welfare concern and zoonotic disease risk.
|
|
| 3. |
- Ahsan, Murshidul, et al.
(författare)
-
Handling and Welfare of Bovine Livestock at Local Abattoirs in Bangladesh
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1088-8705 .- 1532-7604. ; 17:4, s. 340-353
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) allows rope casting and the tying of legs for nonhuman animals laughter without stunning. Thehandling and welfare of bovine livestock (Bosindicus and Bubalus bubalis) were studied in 8 local abattoirs in 5 districts of Bangladesh. A totalof 302 animals were evaluated. At the local abattoirs, approximately 1/3 of the cattle and water buffalo were eithere maciated orinjured/sick. The size and vigor of the animals determined the casting method. Small and weak animals were cast on concrete floors by lifting a foreleg followed by pushing, or simply by twisting the head of the animal and then binding the legs with rope. Vigorous animals such as buffalo were castusing ropes and human force. Bleeding was slow and flaying was sometimes initiated before the animals were unconscious. Pulling and tearing of the trachea and pouring of water into the exposed trache a shortly after cutting were also observed in some cases.The over all animal handling was unnecessarily rough and he OIE standards were not implemented. Animals are subjected to considerable mistreatment, and there is an urgent need for the training nde ducation of the staff in a battoirs concerning humanes laughtering practices as well as a need to build moderns laughtering plants in Bangladesh.
|
|
| 4. |
- Andersson, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Legal assessment of ingrown horns and other horn-related anomalies in cattle and sheep
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Animal Welfare. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0962-7286. ; 33
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cattle and sheep horns have the potential to grow in such a way that the horn bends toward the animal's head and, if left untreated, may penetrate the skin, causing pressure, pain, and suffering. According to the Swedish Animal Welfare Act, animals must be looked after in a way that prevents ingrown horns; otherwise, the person responsible for the animal may be prosecuted. Here, we present a review of 32 legal cases that occurred in Sweden between 2008 and 2022 for which the charge involved horn-related anomalies in cattle or sheep. The aim being to investigate the nature of these horn-related anomalies and the circumstances under which they occur. Of the legal cases, 53% were discovered during official animal welfare control on farms and 44% at an abattoir during pre-slaughter inspection. These include extreme injuries, e.g. both horns penetrating the periosteum into the skull bone, or a horn penetrating into the eye or oral cavity. The reasons offered by the accused for failing to detect animals with horn-related anomalies included that the animal appeared normal, that it was long-haired, shy, or hard to reach, or that the horns had not undergone gradual growth but had accidentally or suddenly penetrated the skin. Overall, 81% of the cases led to convictions; however, none of these resulted in imprisonment. Reasons for acquittals included insufficient crime description or evidence as to how the horn-related anomaly occurred or of the animal being exposed to suffering. A number of recommendations are provided that could help limit the occurrence of ingrown horns.
|
|
| 5. |
- Doane, Marie, et al.
(författare)
-
A modified combined C-BARQ and QoL for both the companion dog and its owner. An embryo to a companion dog welfare measurement?
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Applied Animal Behaviour Science. - : Elsevier. - 0168-1591 .- 1872-9045. ; 213, s. 91-106
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The results of this pilot study demonstrate that it is possible to construct a reliable questionnaire from prior validated surveys. This questionnaire displays possible suitability for further development into a tool for a comprehensive dog welfare assessment. The welfare model used is assuming that canine welfare consists of three major considerations, the dogs’ behavior, the dogs’ quality of life (QoL dog) and the owner’s quality of life as pertaining to being a dog owner (QoL Owner). A questionnaire was constructed and tested. Three different parts from reliable and validated sections of previous surveys were included: 1) a modified C-BARQ, 2) QoL for the dog, and 3) QoL owner. 185 satisfactory answers were obtained from the respondents, dog owners in Sweden, Canada and USA. Principal component factor analysis rendered 13 extracted factors similar to the original questionnaires, suggesting that the construct is valid. Eleven of the thirteen factors showed moderate internal consistency of Cronbach’s alpha >0.7, the remaining two factors were relatively low with Cronbach’s alpha >0.6.Several significant correlations between the extracted factors were found. Quality of life as a dog owner (QoL owner) was significantly affected by stress caused by dogs displaying fear, excitability and separation anxiety. No significant correlations were found between any factors describing aggressive behaviors and the dogs QoL or QoL owner. Several significant correlations were found between the extracted factors and the demographics, for instance, the Swedes are more active with their dogs compared to Americans and Canadians. Further investigations should be commenced to validate the results in a larger population.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Doane, Marie, et al.
(författare)
-
Antibiotic usage in 2013 on a dairy CAFO in NY State, USA
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Infection Ecology & Epidemiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-8686. ; 4, s. Articel ID: 24259-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antimicrobial resistance is threatening humans and animals worldwide. Biosecurity and 1-year usage of antibiotics on a dairy concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO) in NY State, USA, were mapped: how much antibiotics were used, for what purpose, and whether any decrease could be warranted. Approximately 493 kg antibiotics was used, of which 376 kg was ionophores (monensin and lasalocides), 79 kg penicillin, 16.5 kg lincosamides, 8.0 kg aminoglycosides, 7.7 kg sulfamides, 3.4 kg cephalosporin, 2 kg macrolides, 0.7 kg amphenicols, and 0.1 kg fluoroquinolones. Usage reduction by 84% was realistic without compromising the animal welfare. Further reduction could be possible by improving the biosecurity and by utilizing antibiotic sensitivity testing.
|
|
| 8. |
- Doane, Marie, et al.
(författare)
-
Exposure of Farm Laborers and Dairy Cattle to Formaldehyde from Footbath Use at a Dairy Farm in New York State
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 487, s. 65-71
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Formalin footbaths are commonly used in the dairy industry to prevent cattle hoof diseases. Although formalin is a well-documented disinfectant, it is also a carcinogen and irritant. The aim of this study was to estimate the exposure of farm workers and dairy cattle to formaldehyde from footbaths located in a milking facility and a heifer facility at a dairy farm in western New York, USA. The dairy farm included approximately 3900 dairy cattle including young stock; of these, 1670 cows were milked three times per day in a 60-stall carousel milking parlor, and approximately 800 heifers were located at the heifer facility where footbaths with formalin were in use. The formaldehyde concentration of the air was measured using a Formaldemeter™ htV approximately 50 cm above the 3% formalin footbaths in the milking (one footbath location) and heifer (three footbath locations) facilities on three consecutive days. The measured formaldehyde concentrations varied between 0.00 and 2.28 ppm, falling within the safety guidelines established by the Occupation Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) of the United States. Significant differences were found in the formaldehyde concentrations at the different footbath locations in the heifer facility, potentially due to the varying levels of ventilation at each location. Changes in the ambient temperature during the 3-day sampling period did not significantly affect the concentrations. We believe that the substantial ventilation at both the heifer and milking facilities ensured that the formaldehyde concentrations did not exceed OSHA guidelines, thus permitting the safe use of formalin footbaths in this farm.
|
|
| 9. |
- Lindell, Lina, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of forest slash and burn on the distribution of trace elements in floodplain sediments and mountain soils of the Subandean Amazon, Peru
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Applied Geochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0883-2927 .- 1872-9134. ; 25:8, s. 1097-1106
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forest clearing through slash and burn to open up agricultural land is an ongoing process in large parts of the Amazon Basin. This activity severely affects the structure and balance of the natural ecosystem, and also has the potential to cause substantial changes in landscape geochemistry. The latter is the topic of this study, with special attention on translocation of potentially toxic trace elements from deforested areas to downstream aquatic and terrestrial systems. Sampling of floodplain sediments and mountain soils (Inceptisols on redbed lithologies) was carried out in two adjacent Subandean river basins, with deforestation extents of ca. 1/3 and 2/3 of the basin areas. Several 'toxic and potentially toxic metals (e.g., Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu and Ni) and other major and minor elements showed concentration peaks at certain depths in the alluvial deposits of both basins. These peaks were associated with organic matter, and occurred just below layers of combustion residues originating from burning of in situ biomass. Downward migration of particles originating in the combustion residues is suggested to be the direct mechanisms of the metal enrichments. Further evidence of an in situ origin of the metal peaks in the sediments was provided by the geochemical composition of soils located upstream of the floodplains. Disturbed soils (i.e. soils of pasture, coffee plantations, secondary forest and recently swidden fields) were found to be similar to soils under natural forest. Moreover, trace element concentrations in floodplain deposits were similar in the two drainage basins despite the large difference in exploitation degree. Thus, no evidence was found of large scale (basin-wide) increases in trace-metal leaching or translocation as a result of the extensive deforestation and agricultural land-use that has been practiced in the Amazonian highland jungle over more than 100 a.
|
|
| 10. |
- Mellbo, Peter, 1981-
(författare)
-
Ash Products for Nutrient Recycling in Forestry : Leaching and Drying Characteristics
- 2007
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As the demand for carbon dioxide neutral energy sources increases, forestry becomes more intensive. Entire trees are removed from the felling sites threatening the nutrient balance of the forest soils. By recycling wood ash produced from the combustion of clean wood biofuels back to the forest, it is possible to maintain the nutrient balance of the soil and also to counteract its acidification. To avoid negative effects, e.g. burn damage on mosses and lichens caused by the high pH of the ash, it is important that the ash is treated and hardened in order to lower its reactivity and to prolong its dissolution rate. The ash chemicals content are determind and the reactivity and dissolution properties are evaluated by laboratory leaching tests. Pulp and paper industries generate not only ash but green liquor sludge also as residual material. These nutrient-rich materials could be put together into granules and be recycled on forest soil. The applied leaching tests vary in their performance and duration. Therefore the focus of this work is put on both making granules of ash and green liquor sludge and developing a method for the testing of these. The aims of this thesis are: to investigate how leaching tests influences the dissolution of ash products; to find out how drying techniques affect the product's leaching behaviour and to find an appropriate technique for mixing and agglomerating wood ash and green liquor sludge in suitable proportions. The leaching tests compared were: up-flow percolation, batch leaching and leaching using a magnetic stirrer. This study includes analyses of pH and concentrations of Na, Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Al, Cu, Fe, P and Zn in the eluate from each leaching test. The results show that the batch leaching test at L/S 10 has the ability to dissolve 70-90 % of K and Na from the ash products. The upflow percolation test releases 55-100 % K and Na, but takes several weeks to perform. The leaching test with a magnetic stirrer results in low leached amounts of elements and underestimation of the dissolution potential of the material. The test seems to be best suited for its original purpose, i.e. control of the reactivity of wood ash. Four drying techniques were applied on wood ash pellets: drying at room temperature, drying by hot air (60 and 130 C) and drying by flue gas. The ash pellets dried in flue gas showed the significantly lowest values of pH and electric conductivity. This makes flue gas drying an advantageous method, for ash products intended for spreading in forest. Regarding the elements studied, the flue gas drying does not contaminate the ash material. Processing the ash and green liquor sludge using an intensive mixer offers effective blending and a quick granulation with a short process line. With the intensive mixer it is possible to granulate a mixture of maximum 65 % sludge (wet weight basis) and 35 % ash (dry weight basis).
|
|
