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| 2. |
- Daiuto, Sergio A., et al.
(författare)
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Angiotensinergic and GABAergic transmission in the medial preoptic area: role in urinary bladder and cardiovascular control in female rats
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Physiology. - 1664-042X. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The medial preoptic area (mPOA) participates in thermoregulatory control and blood pressure modulation as shown by studies with electrical stimulation of this area or cobalt chloride injection, a non-selective synapse inhibitor. This study aimed to investigate whether angiotensin II (Ang II) and GABA could act or not in the mPOA to mediate the cardiovascular and micturition control pathways. Methods: Female Wistar rats were submitted to stereotaxic surgery for implantation of a guide cannula into the mPOA 7days prior to the experiments. Afterwards, the animals were isoflurane- anesthetized and submitted to the catheterization of the femoral artery and vein and urinary bladder cannulation for mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and intravesical pressure (IP) recordings, respectively. After the baseline MAP, HR, and IP recordings for 15min, Ang II (0.1nM, 1μL), losartan (AT-1 receptor antagonist, 100nM, 1μL), GABA (50mM, 1μL) or saline (1μL) were injected into the mPOA, and the variables were measured for additional 30min. In a different group of rats, the AT-1 receptor, angiotensin II converting enzyme (ACE), and GABAa receptor gene expression was evaluated in mPOA samples by qPCR. The data are as mean ± SEM and submitted to One-way ANOVA (Tukey posttest) or paired Student t-test (P <0.05). Results: The injection of Ang II into the mPOA evoked a significant hypotension (−37±10mmHg, n = 6, p = 0.024) and bradycardia (−47 ± 20bpm, p = 0.030) compared to saline (+1 ± 1mmHg and +6 ± 2bpm, n = 6). A significant increase in IP was observed after Ang II injection into the mPOA (+72.25 ± 17.91%, p = 0.015 vs. −1.80 ± 2.98%, n = 6, saline). No significant changes were observed in MAP, HR and IP after the losartan injection in the mPOA compared to saline injection. Injection of GABA into the mPOA evoked a significant fall in MAP and HR (−68 ± 2mmHg, n = 6, p < 0.0001 and −115 ± 14bpm, n = 6, p = 0.0002 vs. −1 ± 1mmHg and +4 ± 2bpm, n = 6, saline), but no significant changes were observed in IP. The AT-1 receptor, ACE and GABAa receptor mRNA expression was observed in all mPOA samples. Discussion: Therefore, in female rats, Ang II mediated transmission in the mPOA is involved in the cardiovascular regulation and in the control of central micturition pathways. A phasic control dependent on AT-1 receptors in the mPOA seems to be involved in the regulation of those cardiovascular and intravesical 3 parameters. In contrast, GABAergic transmission in the mPOA participates in the pathways of cardiovascular control in anesthetized female rats, nevertheless, this neurotransmission is not involved in the micturition control.
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- de Carvalho, Rodrigo P, et al.
(författare)
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GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission reveals novel cardiovascular and urinary bladder control features in the shell nucleus accumbens.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Brain research. - 1872-6240. ; 1818
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The shell Nucleus Accumbens (NAcc) projects to the lateral preoptic area, which is involved in the central micturition control and receives inputs from medullary areas involved in cardiovascular control. We investigated the role of GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission in the shell NAcc on intravesical pressure (IP) and cardiovascular control. Male Wistar rats with guide cannulas implanted bilaterally in the shell NAcc 7days prior to the experiments were anesthetized with 2% isoflurane in 100% O2 and subjected to cannulation of the femoral artery and vein for mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate recordings (HR) and infusion of drugs, respectively. The urinary bladder (UB) was cannulated for IP measurement. A Doppler flow probe was placed around the renal arterial for renal blood flow (RBF) measurement. After the baseline MAP, HR, IP and RBF recordings for 15min, GABA or bicuculline methiodate (BMI) or L-glutamate or kynurenic acid (KYN) or saline (vehicle) were bilaterally injected into the shell NAcc and the variables were measured for 30min. Data are as mean±SEM and submitted to Student́s t test. GABA injections into the shell NAcc evoked a significant fall in MAP and HR and increased IP and RC compared to saline. L-glutamate in the shell NAcc increased MAP, HR and IP and reduced RC. Injections of BMI and KYN elicited no changes in the variables recorded. Therefore, the GABAergic and glutamatergic transmissions in neurons in the shell NAcc are involved in the neural pathways responsible for the central cardiovascular control and UB regulation.
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- da Silva, Luiz A, et al.
(författare)
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Unravelling the intravenous and in situ vasopressin effects on the urinary bladder in anesthetized female rats: More than one vasopressin receptor subtype involved?
- 2018
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Ingår i: European journal of pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0712 .- 0014-2999. ; 834, s. 109-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urinary bladder dysfunctions show high prevalence in women. We focused to investigate the intravenous and in situ (topic) vasopressin effects on the bladder and also to characterize the vasopressin receptor subtypes in the bladder. Adult female Wistar rats anesthetized with isoflurane underwent to the cannulation of the femoral artery and vein, and also urinary bladder for mean arterial pressure, heart rate and intravesical pressure (IP) recordings, respectively. Doppler flow probe was placed around the renal artery for blood flow measurement. After baseline recordings, intravenous injection of saline or vasopressin at different doses (0.25, 0.5, 1.0ng/ml/kg of b.w.); or 0.1ml of saline or 0.1ml of vasopressin at different doses (0.25, 0.5, 1.0ng/ml) was randomly dropped on the bladder. In another group of rats, the UB was harvest for gene expression by qPCR and also for protein expression by Western blotting of the vasopressin receptor subtypes. We observed that either intravenous or in situ vasopressin evoked a huge increase in the IP in a dose-dependent manner compared to saline, whilst no differences were observed in the cardiovascular parameters. The genes and the protein expression of V1a, V1b and V2 vasopressin receptors subtypes were found in the bladder. Intravenous injection of V1a or V2 receptor antagonist evoked a huge fall in IP and 30min later, i.v or in situ vasopressin evoked responses on IP were significantly attenuated. Therefore, intravenous or in situ vasopressin increases the IP due to binding in V1a or V2 receptors localized in the bladder.
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| 5. |
- Lopes, Fábio I, et al.
(författare)
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Activation of 5-HT3 receptors in the medulla oblongata is involved in the phasic control of urinary bladder.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Neuroscience letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7972 .- 0304-3940. ; 790
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The control of micturition depends on reflex mechanisms, however, it undergoes modulation from cortex, pons and medullary areas. This study investigated if the activation of 5-HT3 receptors in the medulla influences the urinary bladder (UB) regulation in rats. Isoflurane female Wistar rats were submitted to catheterization of the femoral artery and vein for mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) recordings and injection of drugs, respectively. The UB was cannulated for intravesical pressure (IP) measurement. The Doppler flow probe was placed around the left renal artery for renal conductance (RC) recordings. Phenylbiguanide (PB) and granisetron (GN) were injected into the 4th brain ventricle in rats with guide cannulas implanted 5days prior to the experiments; or PB and GN were randomly injected intravenously or applied topically (in situ) on the UB. PB injection into 4th V significantly increased IP (68.67±11.70%) and decreased MAP (-29±6mmHg) compared to saline (0.34±0.64% and -2±2mmHg), with no changes in the HR and RC. GN injection into the 4th V did not significantly change the IP and RC compared to saline, nevertheless, significantly increased MAP (25±4mmHg) and heart rate (36±9bpm) compared to saline. Intravenous PB and GN only produced cardiovascular effects, whilst PB but not GN in situ on the UB evoked increase in IP (111.60±30.36%). Therefore, the activation of 5HT-3 receptors in medullary areas increases the intravesical pressure and these receptors are involved in the phasic control of UB. In contrast, 5-HT3 receptors in the medulla oblongata are involved in the pathways of the tonic control of the cardiovascular system. The activation of 5-HT3 receptors in the bladder cause increase in intravesical pressure and this regulation seem to be under phasic control as the blockade of such receptors elicits no changes in baseline intravesical pressure.
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| 6. |
- Neri, Luciana S S, et al.
(författare)
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Blockade of vasopressin receptors reduces the threshold pressure of micturition reflex in female rats.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Current research in physiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2665-9441. ; 5, s. 399-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanisms involved in urinary bladder control are not fully understood, but it is well accepted that a complex central network is involved in micturition control. The micturition reflex can be modulated by direct cortical influence through facilitatory and inhibitory mechanisms. In addition, humoral mechanisms are involved in the bladder control. Vasopressin increases bladder contraction and intravesical pressure. This study sought to investigate the effect of intravenous injections of vasopressin receptor antagonists on cystometric parameters in anesthetized female rats. Isoflurane anesthetized adult female Wistar rats underwent femoral artery and vein cannulation for arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) recordings, and infusion of drugs, respectively. The bladder was also cannulated for intravesical pressure (IP) recordings and infusion of saline (10mL/h) for cystometric evaluation. After baseline AP, HR and IP recordings, saline (vehicle, 1mL/kg), V1a (5μg/kg) or V2 receptor antagonist (5μg/kg) was injected i.v. and after 25min the cystometry was carried out. Neither saline nor V1a or V2 receptor blockade evoked any change in AP, HR and IP. Nevertheless, during cystometry, the threshold pressure of the micturition reflex was significantly reduced in rats with V1a (to 19.30±2.39mmHg) and V2 receptor blockade (to 19.88±2.49mmHg) compared to the saline group (28.85±2.06mmHg, p=0.014). No difference was observed in the other cystometric parameters. Therefore, the data suggest that blockade of V1a and V2 receptors reduces the threshold pressure of the micturition reflex and does not influence other cystometric parameters in anesthetized female Wistar rats.
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| 9. |
- Gao, X. P., et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of cross-cultural color emotion
- 2007
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Ingår i: Color Research and Application. - : Wiley. - 1520-6378 .- 0361-2317. ; 32:3, s. 223-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the relationship between color perceptual attributes and color emotions, as well as the influence of different cultural backgrounds. Totally 214 color samples were evaluated on 12 emotion variables by subjects from seven different region groups in the psychophysical experiment. By factor analysis, it was found that three factors were sufficient to represent 80 11 "region-emotion" variables. For each variable, there is no distinct difference among different region groups. The 12 emotion variables could be divided into four categories, namely, activity index, potency index, definition index, and temperature index. Factor scores were further calculated to study the determinants on each factor. The analysis showed that the three factors were mainly related to chroma, lightness, and hue, respectively. It was concluded that chroma and lightness were the most important factors on color emotion, whereas the influences of hue and cultural background were very limited. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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| 10. |
- Lamy, Gustavo B, et al.
(författare)
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Lateral Preoptic Area Neurons Activated by Angiotensin-(1-7) Increase Intravesical Pressure: A Novel Feature in Central Micturition Control.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in physiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-042X. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Central micturition control and urine storage involve a multisynaptic neuronal circuit for the efferent control of the urinary bladder. Electrical stimulation of the lateral preoptic area (LPA) at the level of the decussation of the anterior commissure in cats evokes relaxation of the bladder, whereas ventral stimulation of LPA evokes vigorous contraction. Endogenous Angiotensin-(1-7) [(Ang-(1-7)] synthesis depends on ACE-2, and its actions on binding to Mas receptors, which were found in LPA neurons. We aimed to investigate the Ang-(1-7) actions into the LPA on intravesical pressure (IP) and cardiovascular parameters. The gene and protein expressions of Mas receptors and ACE-2 were also evaluated in the LPA. Angiotensin-(1-7) (5 nmol/μL) or A-779 (Mas receptor antagonist, 50 nmol/μL) was injected into the LPA in anesthetized female Wistar rats; and the IP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and renal conductance (RC) were recorded for 30 min. Unilateral injection of Ang-(1-7) into the LPA increased IP (187.46 ± 37.23%) with peak response at ∼23-25-min post-injection and yielded no changes in MAP, HR, and RC. Unilateral or bilateral injections of A-779 into the LPA decreased IP (-15.88 ± 2.76 and -27.30 ± 3.40%, respectively) and elicited no changes in MAP, HR, and RC. The genes and the protein expression of Mas receptors and ACE-2 were found in the LPA. Therefore, the LPA is an important part of the circuit involved in the urinary bladder control, in which the Ang-(1-7) synthetized into the LPA activates Mas receptors for increasing the IP independent on changes in RC and cardiovascular parameters.
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