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- Eilola, K., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of biogeochemical cycles in an ensemble of three state-of-the-art numerical models of the Baltic Sea
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Marine Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-7963 .- 1879-1573. ; 88:2, s. 267-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three state-of-the-art coupled physical-biogeochemical models, the BAltic sea Long-Term large-Scale Eutrophication Model (BALTSEM), the Ecological Regional Ocean Model (ERGOM), and the Swedish Coastal arid Ocean Biogeochemical model coupled to the Rossby Centre Ocean circulation model (RCO-SCOBI), are used to calculate changing nutrient and oxygen dynamics in the Baltic Sea. The models are different in that ERGOM and RCO-SCOBI are three-dimensional (3D) circulation models while BALTSEM resolves the Baltic Sea into 13 dynamically interconnected and horizontally integrated sub-basins. The aim is to assess the simulated long-term dynamics and to discuss the response of the coupled physical-biogeochemical models to changing physical conditions and nutrient loadings during the period 1970-2005. We compared the long-term seasonal and annual statistics of inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, and oxygen from hindcast simulations with those estimated from observations. We also studied the extension of hypoxic bottom areas covered by waters with O(2)<2 ml O(2) l(-1) and cod reproductive volumes comprising waters with salinity >11 and O(2)>2 ml O(2) l(-1). The models reproduce much of the nutrient biogeochemical cycling in the Baltic proper. However, biases are larger in the Bothnian Sea and Bothnian Bay. No model shows outstanding performance in all aspects but instead the ensemble mean results are better than or as good as the results of any of the individual models. Uncertainties are primarily related to differences in the bioavailable fractions of nutrient loadings from land and parameterizations of key processes like sediment fluxes that are presently not well known. Also the uncertainty related to the initialization of the models in the early 1960s influence the modeled biogeochemical cycles during the investigated period.
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- Meier, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Hypoxia in future climates : a model ensemble study for the Baltic Sea
- 2011
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 38, s. L24608-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using an ensemble of coupled physical-biogeochemical models driven with regionalized data from global climate simulations we are able to quantify the influence of changing climate upon oxygen conditions in one of the numerous coastal seas (the Baltic Sea) that suffers worldwide from eutrophication and from expanding hypoxic zones. Applying various nutrient load scenarios we show that under the impact of warming climate hypoxic and anoxic areas will very likely increase or at best only slightly decrease (in case of optimistic nutrient load reductions) compared to present conditions, regardless of the used global model and climate scenario. The projected decreased oxygen concentrations are caused by (1) enlarged nutrient loads due to increased runoff, (2) reduced oxygen flux from the atmosphere to the ocean due to increased temperature, and (3) intensified internal nutrient cycling. In future climate a similar expansion of hypoxia as projected for the Baltic Sea can be expected also for other coastal oceans worldwide.
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- Prikhna, T., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of high pressure on the physical properties of MgB2
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1557-1939 .- 1557-1947. ; 24:5, s. 137-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The synthesis of MgB2-based materials under high pressure gave the possibility to suppress the evaporation of magnesium and to obtain near theoretically dense nanograined structures with high superconducting, thermal conducting, and mechanical characteristics: critical current densities of 1.8-1.0×106 A/cm2 in the self-field and 103 A/cm2 in a magnetic field of 8 T at 20 K, 5-3×105 A/cm2 in self-field at 30 K, the corresponding critical fields being Hc2=15 T at 22 K and irreversible fields Hirr=13 T at 20 K, and Hirr=3.5 T at 30 K, thermal conduction of 53±2 W/(m{dot operator}K), the Vickers hardness HV=10.12±0.2 GPa under a load of 148.8 N and the fracture toughness K1 C=7.6±2.0 MPa{dot operator}m0.5 under the same load, the Young modulus E=213 GPa. Estimation of quenching current and AC losses allowed the conclusion that high-pressure-prepared materials are promising for application in transformer-type fault current limiters working at 20-30 K.
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- Revankar, C. M., et al.
(författare)
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A Selective Ligand for Estrogen Receptor Proteins Discriminates Rapid and Genomic Signaling
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cell Chemical Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2451-9448 .- 2451-9456. ; 26:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estrogen exerts extensive and diverse effects throughout the body of women. In addition to the classical nuclear estrogen receptors (ER alpha and ER beta), the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPER is an important mediator of estrogen action. Existing ER-targeted therapeutic agents act as GPER agonists. Here, we report the identification of a small molecule, named AB-1, with the previously unidentified activity of high selectivity for binding classical ERs over GPER. AB-1 also possesses a unique functional activity profile as an agonist of transcriptional activity but an antagonist of rapid signaling through ER alpha. Our results define a class of small molecules that discriminate between the classical ERs and GPER, as well as between modes of signaling within the classical ERs. Such an activity profile, if developed into an ER antagonist, could represent an opportunity for the development of first-in-class nuclear hormone receptor-targeted therapeutics for breast cancer exhibiting reduced acquired and de novo resistance.
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