| 1. |
- Akay, Alpaslan, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Offshoring and well-being of workers
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-2681 .- 1879-1751. ; 200, s. 388-407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using long panels of industry-specific offshoring information and subjectively reported well-being datasets mainly from Germany, which is also supported by datasets from the UK and Australia, this paper aims to investigate the relationship between offshoring and workers' subjective well-being in the source country. We employ panel data fixed-effects models with time-variant personality measures and industry-specific measures to alleviate the bias stemming from the non-random sorting of individuals in industries. Our findings suggest that offshoring negatively relates to workers' subjective well-being. The result is unexceptionally consistent across Germany, the UK, and Australia, and the effect is larger in business services and among high-skilled workers. We extensively discuss how contextual "fear-factors" prevailing in the source countries interact with the angst generated by the negative framing of offshoring. To single out such angst, we first show that objective and subjective job security concerns, job characteristics, and labor market conditions only marginally relate to the well-being effect of offshoring. Then, we investigate how the effect of offshoring on well-being is amplified by a larger set of contextual factors pertaining to temporary economic shocks, negative narratives about offshoring during electoral cycles, partisan political preferences, and high immigration rates. Finally, we show that a recent skill upgrade significantly diminishes the negative effect of offshoring on well-being.(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Linda, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Firm level effects of offshoring of goods and services on relative labor demand
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Based on firm level data for the Swedish manufacturing sector the objective of this paper is to analyze relative labor demand effects due to offshoring. Actual firm-level trade data allow us to distinguish between goods and service offshoring, as well as sourcing country. Overall, our results give no support to the fears that offshoring of goods or services lead to out-location of high-skilled activity in Swedish firms. Rather, this paper finds robust evidence that the aggregate effects from offshoring lead to increasing relative demand of high-skilled labor, mainly due to serviceoffshoring to middle income countries.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Linda, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Firm-level effects of offshoring of materials and services on relative labor demand
- 2016
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Ingår i: Review of World Economics. - : Springer. - 1610-2878 .- 1610-2886. ; 152:2, s. 321-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on firm-level data over the period 1997-2002 for the Swedish manufacturing sector the objective of this paper is to analyze relative labor demand effects due to offshoring, separating between materials and services offshoring and also geographical location of trade partner. Overall, our results give no support to the fears that offshoring of materials or services lead to out-location of high-skilled activity in Swedish firms. Rather, this paper finds evidence that the aggregate effects from offshoring lead to increasing relative demand of high-skilled labor, mainly due to services offshoring to middle income countries.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Linda, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Labour Demand, Offshoring and Inshoring : Evidence from Swedish Firm-level Data
- 2017
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Ingår i: The World Economy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0378-5920 .- 1467-9701. ; 40:2, s. 240-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this paper was to analyse effects on firm–level relative demand for skilled labour due to imports of intermediates (offshoring) and exports of intermediates (inshoring). The study is based on a data set of Swedish manufacturing firms, 1997–2002, using trade flows in intermediate goods and services, respectively. Descriptive data show that goods inshoring is much larger than goods offshoring, while the reverse is true for services. There is, however, a strong increase in services inshoring over the study period. Controlling for potential endogeneity in offshoring and inshoring, our results indicate that there is a positive effect of services offshoring on the skill composition of workers in Swedish firms, while no such causality can be established from inshoring.
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| 5. |
- Hultkrantz, Lars, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Is 'referencing' a remedy to hypothetical bias in value of time elicitation? : Evidence from economic experiments
- 2018
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Ingår i: Transportation. - : Springer. - 0049-4488 .- 1572-9435. ; 45:6, s. 1827-1847
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper demonstrates that commonly used methods for eliciting value of time can give downward bias and investigates whether this can be reversed by ‘referencing’ as has been suggested (e.g., by Hensher in Transp Res B 44:735–752,2010), i.e. with attributes of choice alternatives pivoted around a recently made journey. Value-of-time choice experiments were conducted in two rounds. In the first round, real and hypothetical purchases of performance of a simple time-consuming task were done to assess hypothetical bias; in the second round, participants were asked to do hypothetical travel choices with and without ‘referencing’ to a specific occasion, to be able to test ‘referencing’ as a remedy to the bias confirmed in the first round. A negative hypothetical bias was found for allocation of time at another occasion than the present (but not for a decision concern allocation of time ‘here and now’). A striking result was held from the second round experiments: ‘referencing’ indeed affects responses, but by reducing the elicited implicit value of time, so any negative hypothetical bias that would exist without ‘referencing’ would have been further magnified by the ‘referencing’ design.
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| 6. |
- Savsin, Selen, 1985-
(författare)
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Essays on Offshoring, Labor Demand and Hypothetical Bias in Choice Experiments
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation consists of four papers on offshoring, labor demand and hypothetical bias in travel-time stated choice experiments. They are summarized as follows. Essay 1: Firm-level Effects of Offshoring of Materials and Services on Relative Labor Demand analyzes the effect of relocation of production process abroad (offshoring), on relative labor demand for the Swedish manufacturing sector over the period 1997-2002. This essay gives no support to the expected negative effect of out-location of high-skilled activity in Swedish firms and even shows an increase in relative demand of high-skilled labor due to service offshoring. Essay 2: Labour Demand, Offshoring and Inshoring: Evidence from Swedish Firm-level Data adds to the existing literature of offshoring by simultaneously analyzing the effect of offshoring and inshoring measured as firm-level imports and exports, respectively, of intermediate goods (materials) or services on firm-level relative labor demand for high-skilled labor. The causality that we find between relative labor demand and service offshoring, cannot be established neither from goods nor services inshoring. Essay 3: Is ‘Referencing’ a Remedy to Hypothetical Bias in Value of Time Elicitation? Evidence from Economic Experiments demonstrates negative hypothetical bias, i.e. higher value of time is revealed by real choice when it is compared with the value estimated from a hypothetical choice survey. Referencing, that involves interviewing the respondents about the attributes of a reference trip that has been made and then constructing the stated choice experiment presenting variations of that trip, is tested as a suggested remedy. The results indicate that any negative hypothetical bias that would exist without referencing treatment would have been further magnified by the referencing design. Essay 4: Joint Usage of Referencing and Certainty in Travel Time Stated Choice Experiments explores the heterogeneous association of referencing with respect to self-reported choice-certainty with responses in stated choice experiments. The findings in the essay show that while uncertain respondents are more likely to accept the offer of a travel-time prolongation for monetary compensation with referencing, certain respondents tend to be less likely to accept the offer under referencing conditions.
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