| 1. |
- Öwall, Bengt, et al.
(author)
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Specialisation and specialist education in prosthetic dentistry in Europe
- 2006
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In: European Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry. - 0965-7452. ; 14:3, s. 105-110
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This presentation reports on the results of a meeting of prosthodontists from selected European countries. The aim of the meeting was to analyse and promote specialisation and specialist education in Prosthetic Dentistry in Europe. Representatives for Europe were selected from the European Prosthodontic Association (EPA) board, the Education and Research Committee of International College of Prosthodontists (ICP), countries with a legally recognised speciality, countries without a recognised speciality but organised training programmes and countries with neither of these situations. Data about specialisation and specialist training in Prosthodontics in Europe was scrutinised and discussed. The programmes for countries with specialist training had relatively similar content, mostly of three years duration. There was strong agreement that a recognised speciality raises the level of care within the discipline for both specialists and non-specialists. In several of the countries where a speciality had been introduced it had been initiated by pressure from public health planning authorities. The conclusions are that from a professional viewpoint an advancement of the speciality over Europe would develop the discipline, improve oral health planning and quality of patient care. A working group for harmonisation was recommended.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bommenel, Elin, 1970-
(author)
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Sockerförsöket : kariesexperimenten 1943-1960 på Vipeholms sjukhus för sinnesslöa
- 2006
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- År 1942 hade 99,99 procent av svenskarna karies. Den nyöppnade folktandvården dignade under arbetsbördan att laga och dra ut svenska folkets illa anfrätta tänder.I gränslandet mellan forskning, vård och politik genomförde Medicinalstyrelsen på regeringens uppdrag en utredning om hur folksjukdomen skulle kunna stoppas. Strax utanför Lund, på Vipeholms statliga sjukhus för obildbara sinnesslöa, undersökte ett mångvetenskapligt forskarlag mellan 1945 och 1955 vad som orsakade karies. Sjukhusets patienter blev föremål för de ömsom förebyggande och ömsom kariesprovocerande experimenten. Vitaminer, mineraler, kolor och choklad skänktes av en industri med krav på inflytande på forskningen.I denna doktorsavhandling undersöker Elin Bommenel forskningspraktiken som var en del av 1940- och 50-talens politisk-vetenskapliga folkhälsoforskning och som kunde producera politiskt användbara resultat. Hon följer forskningsprocessen på Vipeholm från planeringen 1943 till Medicinalstyrelsens stora upplysningskampanj 1957 och en statlig offentlig utredning som 1960 skulle omdefiniera folktandvårdens mål från det lagande till det förebyggande mål den har än i dag.
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| 4. |
- Campbell, Jocelyn, et al.
(author)
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Does exogenous carbon extend the realized niche of canopy lichens? Evidence from sub-boreal forests in British Columbia
- 2013
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In: Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0012-9658. ; 94:5, s. 1186-1195
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Foliose lichens with cyanobacterial bionts (bipartite and tripartite) form a distinct assemblage of epiphytes strongly associated with humid microclimatic conditions in inland British Columbia. Previous research showed that these cyano- and cephalolichen communities are disproportionately abundant and species-rich on conifer saplings beneath Populus compared to beneath other tree species. More revealing, lichens with cyanobacterial bionts were observed beneath Populus even in stands that did not otherwise support them. We experimentally test the hypothesis that this association is due to the interception of glucose-rich nectar that is exuded from Populus extra-floral nectaries (EFN). Using CO2 flux measurements and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis with experimental applications of C-13(6)-labeled glucose, we demonstrate that cyano-and cephalolichens have a strong respiratory response to glucose. Lichens treated with glucose had lower net photosynthesis and higher establishment rates than control thalli. Furthermore, lichens with cyanobacterial bionts rapidly incorporate exogenous C-13 into lichen fatty acid tissues. A large proportion of the C-13 taken up by the lichens was incorporated into fungal biomarkers, suggesting that the mycobiont absorbed and assimilated the majority of applied C-13(6) glucose. Our observations suggest that both cyanolichens and cephalolichens may utilize an exogenous source of glucose, made available by poplar EFNs. The exogenous C may enable these lichens to become established by providing a source of C for fungal respiration despite drought-induced inactivity of the cyanobacterial partner. As such, the mycobiont may adopt an alternative nutritional strategy, using available exogenous carbon to extend its realized niche.
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| 5. |
- Mickelåker, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Automatisk avstängning av sprutan
- 2009
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Sedan 1997 finns det i Sverige tydliga föreskrifter och råd om olika skyddsavstånd som ska beaktas vid spridning av kemiska bekämpningsmedel. Undersökningar visar att reglerna inte alltid efterlevs, vilket kan bero på slarv, men också på misstag eftersom det vid fältarbete kan vara svårt att hålla reda på var alla brunnar, diken och vattendrag finns. Även för de sprutförare som försöker efterleva reglerna om skyddsavstånd, uppstår problem eftersom sprutrampen i normala fall endast kan regleras i breda sektioner, vilket lämnar onödigt stora områden oskyddade för exempelvis sjukdomsangrepp.Tidigare studier, från bl.a. Tyskland och Holland, har visat möjligheter med att med hjälp av GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) styra växtskyddsinsatserna till förutbestämda mål inom fältet. Digitala kartor, skapade i GIS (geografiska informationssystem), kan användas för att skapa och hantera underlaget för styrsystemen.Projektets mål var att utveckla och studera ett system av hårdvara och mjukvara, varigenom man kan kombinera positionering via GNSS med individuell avstängning av enskilda spridare längs bommen, för att därigenom kunna styra spridningen över fältet och t.ex. undvika att bespruta skyddsvärda områden definierade i ett GIS.Eftersom det vid projektets start fanns utrustning på marknaden som klarade delar av målsättningen, så baserades utvecklingsarbetet på kommunikation med olika tillverkare. Tillverkare informerades om funktionskrav samt resultat från användande i praktik och validering i försök. Ett kommersiellt system, Legacy 6000 från Teejet, köptes in. Första åren användes styrsystemet på en konventionell spruta med 24 m ramp, indelad i sju sektioner. Utvärdering av systemets funktion gjordes dels genom mätning av precision och noggrannhet i fält, dels genom praktiskt växtskyddsarbete på drygt 2000 ha.Under projektets sista år utvecklades en specialbyggd spruta. Legacy 6000 monterades på en mindre, buren, lantbruksspruta med 6 m ramp. Magnetventiler användes för att erhålla individuell munstycksavstängning. Mätningar i försök visade vilken noggrannhet som kan förväntas av systemet, samt vilka parametrar som kan justeras för att reducera felmarginaler och därmed öka nyttan av systemet. Med den positioneringsnoggrannhet som normalt används i lantbruket (DGPS) erhölls ett fel på ca +/- 1 m, medan ett system med magnetventiler och RTK GPS kunde halvera detta. Detta bedöms vara betydligt bättre än vad som är möjligt att åstadkomma vid manuell reglering.Olika metoder för att mäta in fält och skapa styrfiler har utvecklats och utvärderats. Styrfiler kan skapas utifrån flygfoto eller vid sprutning av fältet den första gången, men högst noggrannhet erhålls vid inmätning med RTK GPS. För att minska kostnaden för skapandet av styrfiler kan datainsamling göras i samband med exempelvis markkartering.En metod för att beräkna dubbelsprutad yta vid användande av olika spridningsutrustning har utvecklats i projektet. Dataunderlaget från inmätning i fält användes som exempel och för att skapa en förenklad beräkningsmall, lämplig att använda av rådgivare och lantbrukare som vill beräkna ekonomisk nytta med automatisk rampavstängning. Generellt sett kan en lantbrukare spara 1-5 % av preparatkostnaden vid användande av automatisk rampavstängning och individuell munstyckskontroll.Utrustningen har visats på flera lantbruksmässor och demonstrationer från 2006 till 2008. Antalet kommersiella system har ökat kraftigt, men användningen av GNSS-styrda sprutor var vid projektets slut begränsad. Enligt uppgift pågår utveckling av individuell munstyckskontroll som ett samarbetsprojekt mellan tre amerikanska företag, vilket visar marknadens intresse och möjligheter för framtida implementering.
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| 6. |
- Ijumulana, Julian, et al.
(author)
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Spatial variability of the sources and distribution of fluoride in groundwater of the Sanya alluvial plain aquifers in northern Tanzania
- 2022
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In: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 810
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Groundwater contamination from geogenic sources paces challenges to many countries, especially in the developing world. In Tanzania, the elevated fluoride (F-) concentration and related chronic fluorosis associated with drinking F- rich water arc common in the Fast African Rift Valley regions. In these regions, F- concentration is space dependence which poses much uncertainty when targeting safe source for drinking water. To account for the spatial effects, integrated exploratory spatial data analysis, regression analysis, and geographical information systems tools were used to associate the distribution of F- in groundwater with spatial variability in terrain slopes, volcanic deposits, recharge water/vadose materials contact time, groundwater resource development for irrigated agriculture in the Sanya alluvial plain (SAP) of northern Tanzania. The F- concentration increased with distance from steep slopes where the high scale of variation was recorded in the gentle sloping and flat grounds within the SAP. The areas covered with debris avalanche deposits in the gentle sloping and flat grounds correlated with the high spatial variability in F- concentration. Furthermore, the high spatial variability in F- correlated positively with depth to groundwater in the Sanya flood plain. In contrast, a negative correlation between F- and borehole depth was observed. The current irrigation practices in the Sanya alluvial plain contribute to the high spatial variability in F- concentration, particularly within the perched shallow aquifers in the volcanic river valleys. The findings of this study arc important to the overall chain of safe water supply process in historically fluorotic regions. They provide new insights into the well-known F- contamination through the use of modern geospatial methods and technologies. In Tanzania's context, the findings can improve the current process of drilling permits issuance by the authority and guide the local borehole drillers to be precise in siting safe source for drinking water.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Eisinger, Silke
(author)
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Revealing the secrets of MARCO : a target for cancer immunotherapy
- 2019
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Our immune system protects us from infectious agents and sustains the homeostasis in our body. However, the immune system can also play a role in initiation and progression of diseases such as autoimmune diseases and cancer. Cancer is still one of the leading causes for death worldwide and inflammation became one of the hallmarks of cancer. Besides carrying out anti- tumor immune responses, the immune system also supports tumor growth through different aspects, such as promoting vascularization and suppressing other immune cells. Thus, targeting the immune system and harnessing its potential for anti-cancer therapy is a promising approach for treating cancer patients. Especially tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have shown to exert many tumor-supporting properties and represent a predominant immune cell population in most of the tumors. Therefore, the focus of this thesis was to evaluate the role of scavenger receptor MARCO on macrophages in immune responses and to reveal its potential as target for cancer immunotherapy. Paper I identifies a novel interaction between marginal zone macrophages (MZMs) and marginal zone B cells (MZBs) that regulates antigen (Ag) transport into the follicle and Ag deposition onto follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) in the spleen. This can be modulated by targeting MARCO on MZMs by monoclonal antibodies (Abs) which leads to less Ag shuttling into the follicle, decreased Ag deposition to FDCs and to a subsequent reduced adaptive immune response. Anti-MARCO Abs can also be found in human system lupus erythematosus patients and this study may clarify the reason for their increased susceptibility for infections. Paper II reveals MARCO as novel marker for a distinct tumor-promoting macrophage subtype in melanoma, breast and colon cancer mouse models. Anti-MARCO Ab treatment leads to reduced tumor growth and metastases and reprograms the MARCO+ immune suppressive TAMs towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype. The combination of anti-MARCO Abs with checkpoint inhibitor anti-CTLA-4 shows enhanced efficacy and suggests MARCO targeted therapy as a promising cancer immunotherapy approach. Moreover, MARCO expressing TAMs can also be found in human breast cancer and melanoma patients. Paper III investigates the mechanism of how anti-MARCO Ab treatment leads to reduced tumor growth in melanoma: Targeting MARCO by Abs leads to the activation of natural killer (NK) cells to increase their TRAIL-dependent tumor cell killing. MARCO+ TAMs display a perivascular macrophage phenotype and targeting MARCO not only leads to metabolic re- programing of the MARCO+ TAMs but results also in less confuse tumor vascularization. We confirmed enhanced efficacy of anti-MARCO Abs in combination with checkpoint inhibitors anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 Abs and produced anti-human MARCO (hMARCO) Abs by immunizing mice with human MARCO protein to translate our findings to humans. Co-culture experiments with human MARCO+ macrophages and T cells or NK cells validate that targeting hMARCO by Abs re-activates the effector cells leading to increased activation, proliferation and human melanoma cell killing in vitro. Paper IV studies MARCO expression on immune suppressive myeloid cells in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients, a cancer type with very poor prognosis. MARCO expression is induced by tumor-derived IL-10 and under hypoxic conditions not only found on immune suppressive TAMs but also on myeloid derived suppressor cells. Targeting MARCO+ myeloid cells by anti-human MARCO Ab restores cytotoxic anti-tumor activity of T cells and NK cells including increased activation, proliferation and human pancreatic cancer cell killing in vitro. Altogether, the work presented in this thesis gives us new insights into the biology of scavenger receptor MARCO, increases our understanding of the tumor microenvironment and how we can re-activate macrophages and modulate the immune suppressive tumor microenvironment by monoclonal Abs. Targeting MARCO enhances anti-tumor responses and the cytotoxicity of effector cells making it a promising approach for further immunotherapies. Our findings contribute to the design of new anti-cancer therapies including combining other immunotherapies with anti-MARCO Ab.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Valtonen-André, Camilla, et al.
(author)
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A highly conserved protein secreted by the prostate cancer cell line PC-3 is expressed in benign and malignant prostate tissue.
- 2007
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In: Biological Chemistry. - 1437-4315. ; 388:3, s. 289-295
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study we characterize a novel gene on human chromosome 9 and its translation product, PC3-secreted microprotein (PSMP). The gene contains three exons that encode a protein of 139 amino acid residues, including a predicted signal peptide of 36 residues. The molecule is homologous to P-microseminoprotein (MSP), a protein of unknown function, secreted at high concentration by the prostate gland. These two proteins have only 23% sequence identity, but their common origin is revealed by a preserved pattern of Cys residues. In contrast to IMSP, which shows poor conservation between species, PSMP is very conserved. High transcript levels were detected in the prostate cancer cell line PC-3. Antiserum raised against PSMP detected a protein with an apparent molecular mass of 18 kDa in culture medium conditioned by PC-3 cells, but in cell lysates the antiserum also recognized a molecular species of 16 kDa, suggesting that PSMP undergoes post-translational modification. Xeno-grafted PC-3 cell tumors in athymic nude mice showed strong staining for both PSMP protein and mRNA. Studies on human prostate cancer specimens showed immunohistochemical staining of both tumor and benign glandular cells. Our results suggest that PSMP is an important protein with significance in prostate cancer.
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