| 1. |
- Schalén, Lucyna, et al.
(författare)
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High isolation rate of Branhamella catarrhalis from the nasopharynx in adults with acute laryngitis
- 1980
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - 1651-1980. ; 12:4, s. 277-280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Branhamella catarrhalis was isolated from the nasopharynx in 55% of 40 noncompromised adult patients suffering from acute laryngitis. Diplococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae were found in another 5 and 8%, respectively; one patient had group A streptococci in the throat specimen. In 90% of the patients the laryngitis complaints were preceded by symptoms of an acute respiratory tract infection. Two of the patients with B. catarrhalis showed a significant titre conversion against influenza B and parainfluenza type e virus, respectively. Attempts to isolate virus failed in all cases. The results indicate that B. catarrhalis, known to cause acute otitis media in small children and respiratory tract infections in adult compromised hosts, may be involved in the etiology of acute laryngitis in otherwise healthy adults.
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| 2. |
- Christensen, P, et al.
(författare)
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Demonstration of the non-identity between the Fc receptor for human IgG from group A streptococci type 15 and M protein, peptidoglycan and the group specific carbohydrate
- 1979
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Ingår i: Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica. Section C, Immunology. - 0304-1328. ; 87C:3, s. 61-257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After electrophoresis of an alkaline extract of type 15 group A streptococci, three main precipitation lines were obtained in diffusion experiments against commercial human polyclonal IgG (lines 1, 2 and 3). Nineteen of 23 sera (83%) from apparently healthy human individuals gave line 3, while 6 of them (26%) gave line 1. The sera giving line 1 did also give line 3. Line 2 was obtained with 2 sera only, also giving lines 1 and 3. Line 3 was caused by a streptococcal Fc-receptor for human IgG, since the line could be displaced by addition of Fc-fragments, but not Fab-fragments of pooled human IgG. Line 1 was shown to be different from line 3, since (1) line 1 was suppressed in contrast to line 3 on absorption of a human serum or commercial polyclonal human IgG with S. aureus; and (2), line 1 was suppressed by Fab-fragments but not Fc-fragments of polyclonal human IgG. Line 2 could be inhibited by addition of peptidoglycan to commercial polyclonal human IgG or a human serum investigated. Another line, 4, obtained in diffusion experiments involving electrophoretically separated alkaline extract of type 15 group A streptococci was type-specific as shown by rabbit antisera to streptococci type M1, M8, M15, and T44, and disappeared on trypsinization of the extract. The component responsible for line 4 in the streptococcal extract, judged to be type-specific M protein, had a mobility different from the component responsible for line 3 in electrophoresis.
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| 3. |
- Christensen, P, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction of the Fc part of IgG with Lancefield extracts of hemolytic streptococci. Strain specificity and activity
- 1979
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Ingår i: Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica. Section C, Immunology. - 0304-1328. ; 87C:1, s. 7-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lancefield extracts of 19 types of group A streptococci as well as one group C and one group G strain were examined for agglutination of human red cells coated with various anti-Rh antibodies. Fourteen extracts agglutinated one or more of the coated cell samples, while five did not. The agglutination was inhibited by Fc but not by Fab fragments of human IgG. After mouse passages, three of the non-agglutinating strains acquired agglutinating capacity. At least three different reactivities were distinguished by the action of the extracts on IgG1 and IgG3 coated cells, respectively. Two of the streptococcal extracts, agglutinating the same anti-Rh coated cells, could be further differentiated in hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) experiments using purified IgG3 myeloma proteins. Five selected agglutinating systems were inhibited by purified myeloma proteins of the IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 subclasses. IgG3 proteins inhibited only two of the five HAI systems.
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| 4. |
- Grubb, A, et al.
(författare)
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Isolation and some properties of an IgG Fc-binding protein from group A streptococci type 15
- 1982
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Ingår i: International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0020-5915 .- 1018-2438 .- 1423-0097. ; 67:4, s. 76-369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An IgG Fc-binding protein was isolated from alkaline extracts of group A streptococci type 15 by ion-exchange chromatography and immunosorption on an IgG column. Ample use of protease inhibitors was necessary to achieve successful isolation. 600 micrograms protein was obtained from 60 g bacteria (wet weight). The protein appeared homogeneous on agarose gel and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and had an apparent molecular weight of 29,500. It contained appreciable amounts of the amino acids glutamic acid, alanine, leucine, aspartic acid and lysine, but little or no tyrosine, phenylalanine, proline, glucosamine or galactosamine. It precipitated human monoclonal IgG of all four sub-classes in agarose gels as well as polyclonal IgG, IgG Fc and normal human serum. It did not precipitate IgG Fab, IgA, IgM, IgD or free kappa or lambda chains.
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| 5. |
- Jacobsen, A., et al.
(författare)
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Bedside diagnosis of mitochondrial dysfunction in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1600-0404 .- 0001-6314. ; 130:3, s. 156-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives - Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is frequently associated with delayed neurological deterioration (DND). Several studies have shown that DND is not always related to vasospasm and ischemia. Experimental and clinical studies have recently documented that it is possible to diagnose and separate cerebral ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction bedside. The study explores whether cerebral biochemical variables in SAH patients most frequently exhibit a pattern indicating ischemia or mitochondrial dysfunction. Methods - In 55 patients with severe SAH, intracerebral microdialysis was performed during neurocritical care with bedside analysis and display of glucose, pyruvate, lactate, glutamate, and glycerol. The biochemical patterns observed were compared to those previously described in animal studies of induced mitochondrial dysfunction as well as the pattern obtained in patients with recirculated cerebral infarcts. Results - In 29 patients, the biochemical pattern indicated mitochondrial dysfunction while 10 patients showed a pattern of cerebral ischemia, six of which also exhibited periods of mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction was observed during 5162 h. An ischemic pattern was obtained during 688 h. Four of the patients (40%) with biochemical signs of ischemia died at the neurosurgical department as compared with three patients (10%) in the group of mitochondrial dysfunction. Conclusions - The study documents that mitochondrial dysfunction is a common cause of disturbed cerebral energy metabolism in patients with SAH. Mitochondrial dysfunction may increase tissue sensitivity to secondary adverse events such as vasospasm and decreased cerebral blood flow. The separation of ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction bedside by utilizing microdialysis offers a possibility to evaluate new therapies.
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| 6. |
- Kasprzykowski, F., et al.
(författare)
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Peptidyl diazomethylketones as cysteine protease inhibitors structurally based upon the inhibitory centers of cystatins
- 2001
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Ingår i: Polish Journal of Chemistry. - 0137-5083. ; 75:6, s. 831-837
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six new putative cysteine protease inhibitors based upon sequences of the N-terminal binding fragments of rat cystatin A, bovine cystatin C and human cystatins D and S were synthesized, inhibitory activities of these compounds against papain and bovine cathepsin B were tested. Additionally, agar well diffusion test of their antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes was performed.
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| 7. |
- Katerov, V, et al.
(författare)
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Streptococcal opacity factor : A family of bifunctional proteins with lipoproteinase and fibronectin-binding activities
- 2000
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Ingår i: Current Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0343-8651 .- 1432-0991. ; 40:3, s. 149-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The serum opacity factor (SOF) of Streptococcus pyogenes is a type- specific lipoproteinase of unknown biological significance. We have sequenced the sof gene and characterized the corresponding SOF protein from a strain of type M63. It was found that sof63 is related to sof22 and that, similar to SOF22 [25], SOF63 binds fibronectin. Moreover, we demonstrate opacity factor activity in a Streptococcus dysgalactiae fibronectin-binding protein FnBA that is structurally related to the SOF proteins of S. pyogenes. Sequence analysis of these three SOF proteins showed a unique periodical pattern of conserved and variable regions. The enzymatically active part of SOF63 was localized to the fragment corresponding to the entire set of conserved and variable sequences, while for fibronectin-binding a single repeat in the C terminal part of the protein was sufficient. The results show that streptococcal SOF proteins form a novel family of bifunctional proteins with lipoproteinase and fibronectin-binding activities.
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| 8. |
- Nielsen, T. H., et al.
(författare)
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Bedside Diagnosis of Mitochondrial Dysfunction After Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction
- 2014
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Ingår i: Neurocritical Care. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1541-6933 .- 1556-0961. ; 21:1, s. 35-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study explores whether the cerebral biochemical pattern in patients treated with hemicraniectomy after large middle cerebral artery infarcts reflects ongoing ischemia or non-ischemic mitochondrial dysfunction. The study includes 44 patients treated with decompressive hemicraniectomy (DCH) due to malignant middle cerebral artery infarctions. Chemical variables related to energy metabolism obtained by microdialysis were analyzed in the infarcted tissue and in the contralateral hemisphere from the time of DCH until 96 h after DCH. Reperfusion of the infarcted tissue was documented in a previous report. Cerebral lactate/pyruvate ratio (L/P) and lactate were significantly elevated in the infarcted tissue compared to the non-infarcted hemisphere (p < 0.05). From 12 to 96 h after DCH the pyruvate level was significantly higher in the infarcted tissue than in the non-infarcted hemisphere (p < 0.05). After a prolonged period of ischemia and subsequent reperfusion, cerebral tissue shows signs of protracted mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by a marked increase in cerebral lactate level with a normal or increased cerebral pyruvate level resulting in an increased LP-ratio. This biochemical pattern contrasts to cerebral ischemia, which is characterized by a marked decrease in cerebral pyruvate. The study supports the hypothesis that it is possible to diagnose cerebral mitochondrial dysfunction and to separate it from cerebral ischemia by microdialysis and bed-side biochemical analysis.
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| 9. |
- Nielsen, T. H., et al.
(författare)
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Recirculation usually precedes malignant edema in middle cerebral artery infarcts
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1600-0404 .- 0001-6314. ; 126:6, s. 404-410
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives - In patients with large middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarcts, maximum brain swelling leading to cerebral herniation and death usually occurs 25 days after onset of stroke. The study aimed at exploring the pattern of compounds related to cerebral energy metabolism in infarcted brain tissue. Methods - Forty-four patients with malignant MCA infarcts were included after decision to perform decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC). Cerebral energy metabolism was in all patients monitored bedside by 13 microdialysis catheters inserted into the infarcted hemisphere during DHC. In 29 of the patients, one microdialysis catheter was also placed in the non-infarcted hemisphere. MCA blood-flow velocity was monitored bilaterally by transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Results - The interstitial glucose levels were in both sides within normal limits throughout the monitoring period. Mean lactate/pyruvate (LP) ratio was very high in infarcted tissue immediately after DHC. The ratio slowly decreased but did not reach normal level during the study period. In the infarcted hemisphere, MCA blood-flow velocities increased from approximately 42 cm/s 1 day prior to DHC (nine of nine patients) to approximately 60 cm/s at day 4. Conclusions - Normal interstitial glucose level in the infarcted hemisphere in combination with substantial MCA blood-flow velocities bilaterally even before DHC was performed indicates that malignant brain swelling usually commences when the embolus/thrombosis has been largely resolved and recirculation of the infarcted area has started. The protracted increase of the LP ratio in infarcted tissue might indicate mitochondrial dysfunction.
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| 10. |
- Paulsen, Otto, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacokinetic comparison of two models of endocarditis prophylaxis with amoxycillin
- 1989
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - 0036-5548. ; 21:6, s. 73-669
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From studies on prophylaxis against experimental streptococcal endocarditis using amoxycillin in a single dose, it has been deduced that serum concentrations above 0.12 mg/l should be maintained for at least 10 h after antibiotic administration. Since concentrations above this level are reported to occur following an oral dose of 3 g of amoxycillin, this doses for prophylaxis has become widely accepted in USA and the UK, and presently also in Sweden. Nevertheless, in individuals who cannot tolerate a high single dose of amoxycillin, there is need for an alternative dosage regimen. In the present study, we have compared the pharmacokinetics in 12 healthy volunteers, of a single dose of 3 g of amoxycillin with those of 1 g as single dose or combined with 1 g of probenecid. The combination resulted in an AUC twice as large as that achieved after 1 g of amoxycillin, and was slightly, but not significantly, larger than that after 3 g. However, amoxycillin concentrations above 0.12 mg/l were sustained for almost 14 h with the combination as compared to 10.4 hours following 3 g of amoxycillin only (p less than 0.001). Thus, the combination should be a convenient alternative in patients unable to tolerate a higher oral dose of amoxycillin, and in situations when an antibacterial effect of longer duration is desired.
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