| 1. |
- Bauer, Franz E., et al.
(författare)
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A new, faint population of X-ray transients
- 2017
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 467:4, s. 4841-4857
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the detection of a remarkable new fast high-energy transient found in the Chandra Deep Field-South, robustly associated with a faint (mR = 27.5mag, zph ~2.2) host in the CANDELS survey. The X-ray event is comprised of 115+12 -11 net 0.3-7.0 keV counts, with a light curve characterized by an ~100 s rise time, a peak 0.3-10 keV flux of ~5 × 10-12 erg s-1 cm-2 and a power-law decay time slope of -1.53 ± 0.27. The average spectral slope is Γ = 1.43+0.23 -0.13, with no clear spectral variations. The X-ray and multiwavelength properties effectively rule out the vast majority of previously observed highenergy transients. A few theoretical possibilities remain: an 'orphan' X-ray afterglow from an off-axis short-duration gamma-ray burst (GRB) with weak optical emission, a low-luminosity GRB at high redshift with no prompt emission below ~20 keV rest frame, or a highly beamed tidal disruption event (TDE) involving an intermediate-mass black hole and a white dwarf with little variability. However, none of the above scenarios can completely explain all observed properties. Although large uncertainties exist, the implied rate of such events is comparable to those of orphan and low-luminosity GRBs as well as rare TDEs, implying the discovery of an untapped regime for a known transient class, or a new type of variable phenomena whose nature remains to be determined.
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| 2. |
- Guaita, Lucia, et al.
(författare)
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Ly alpha-EMITTING GALAXIES AT z=2.1 : STELLAR MASSES, DUST, AND STAR FORMATION HISTORIES FROM SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION FITTING
- 2011
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 733:2, s. 114-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the physical properties of 216 z similar or equal to 2.1 Ly alpha-emitting galaxies (LAEs) discovered in an ultra-deep narrow-MUSYC image of the ECDF-S. We fit their stacked spectral energy distribution (SED) using Charlot & Bruzual templates. We consider star formation histories (SFHs) parameterized by the e-folding time parameter tau, allowing for exponentially decreasing (tau > 0), exponentially increasing (tau < 0), and constant star formation rates (SFRs). We estimated the average flux at 5015 angstrom of our LAE sample, finding a non-detection, which translates into negligible He II line emission at z similar or equal to 2.1. In addition to this, the lack of high equivalent width (EW) Ly alpha line objects ruled out the hypothesis of a top-heavy initial mass function in LAEs. The typical LAEs of our sample are characterized by best-fit parameters and 68% confidence intervals of log(M(*)/M(circle dot)) = 8.6[8.4-9.1], E(B - V) = 0.22[0.00-0.31], tau = -0.02[(-4)-18] Gyr, and age(SF) = 0.018[0.009-3] Gyr. Thus, we obtain robust measurements of low stellar mass and dust content, but we cannot place meaningful constraints on the age or SFH of the LAEs. We also calculate the instantaneous SFR to be 35[0.003-170] M(circle dot) yr(-1), with its average over the last 100 Myr before observation giving < SFR >(100) = 4[2-30] M(circle dot) yr(-1). When we compare the results for the same SFH, typical LAEs at z similar or equal to 2.1 appear dustier and show higher instantaneous SFRs than z similar or equal to 3.1 LAEs, while the observed stellar masses of the two samples seem consistent. Because the majority are low-mass galaxies, our typical LAEs appear to occupy the low-mass end of the distribution of star-forming galaxies at z similar or equal to 2. We perform SED fitting on several sub-samples selected based on photometric properties and find that LAE sub-samples at z similar or equal to 2.1 exhibit heterogeneous properties. The typical IRAC-bright, UV-bright, and red LAEs have the largest stellar mass and dust reddening. The typical UV-faint, IRAC-faint, and high EW LAE sub-samples appear less massive (<10(9) M(circle dot)) and less dusty, with E(B - V) consistent with zero.
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| 3. |
- Pognan, Quentin, et al.
(författare)
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Searching for super-Eddington quasars using a photon trapping accretion disc model
- 2020
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 492:3, s. 4058-4079
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accretion on to black holes at rates above the Eddington limit has long been discussed in the context of supermassive black hole (SMBH) formation and evolution, providing a possible explanation for the presence of massive quasars at high redshifts (z greater than or similar to 7), as well as having implications for SMBH growth at later epochs. However, it is currently unclear whether such 'super-Eddington' accretion occurs in SMBHs at all, how common it is, or whether every SMBH may experience it. In this work, we investigate the observational consequences of a simplistic model for super-Eddington accretion flows - an optically thick, geometrically thin accretion disc where the inner-most parts experience severe photon-trapping, which is enhanced with increased accretion rate. The resulting spectral energy distributions (SEDs) show a dramatic lack of rest-frame UV, or even optical, photons. Using a grid of model SEDs spanning a wide range in parameter space (including SMBH mass and accretion rate), we find that large optical quasar surveys (such as SDSS) may be missing most of these luminous systems. We then propose a set of colour selection criteria across optical and infrared colour spaces designed to select super-Eddington SUN in both wide-field surveys (e.g. using SDSS, 2MASS, and WISE) and deep and narrow-field surveys (e.g. COSMOS). The proposed selection criteria are a necessary first step in establishing the relevance of advection-affected super-Eddington accretion on to SMBHs at early cosmic epochs.
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