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- Artursson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Foodborne pathogens in unpasteurized milk in Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Food Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1605 .- 1879-3460. ; 284, s. 120-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Raw milk may be a risk for public health if it is contaminated with zoonotic pathogens. To study the prevalencein unpasteurized milk from Swedish farms, bovine and small ruminant dairy farms were sampled. Since thesampling method and transport conditions may influence the outcome of analyses, efforts were made to optimizethe methodology. Culturing of bacteria was done from in-line milk filters collected from the milk pipe at thepoint where it enters the milk bulk tank at the farms and this way of sampling was compared to sampling bulktank milk (BTM) directly. Analysing milk filters were found to be superior to analysing BTM directly. Conditionsfor transport of milk filter samples were further improved by the addition of Cary Blair transport medium, whichsignificantly increased the number of positive samples for pathogenic bacteria. The isolation of several foodbornepathogens from milk filters was demonstrated. The prevalence of samples with Staphylococcus aureus was71% and 64%, and Listeria spp. 21% and 29% from dairy cow and goat/sheep farms, respectively. Campylobacterjejuni, Yersinia enterocolitica and verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157 were detected in 9%, 2% and 2% ofsamples from bovine milk, respectively.We conclude that the choice of sampling method and sample handling influence the results of bacterialculturing. From the results of this study, we strongly recommend to sample in-line milk filters instead of BTMdirectly and to use Cary Blair medium during transport, especially if the samples are to be analysed forCampylobacter spp. and/or Listeria spp. The findings also show that unpasteurized milk from Swedish farmsoccasionally contain bacteria with zoonotic potential.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Hébert-Losier, Kim, et al.
(författare)
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Curve analyses reveal altered knee, hip, and trunk kinematics during drop-jumps long after anterior cruciate ligament rupture
- 2018
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Ingår i: Knee (Oxford). - : Elsevier. - 0968-0160 .- 1873-5800. ; 25:2, s. 226-239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures may lead to knee dysfunctions later in life. Single-leg tasks are often evaluated, but bilateral movements may also be compromised. Our aim was to use curve analyses to examine double-leg drop–jump kinematics in ACL-reconstructed, ACL-deficient, and healthy-knee cohorts.Methods: Subjects with unilateral ACL ruptures treated more than two decades ago (17–28 years) conservatively with physiotherapy (ACLPT, n = 26) or in combination with reconstructive surgery (ACLR, n = 28) and healthy-knee controls (n = 25) performed 40-cm drop–jumps. Three-dimensional knee, hip, and trunk kinematics were analyzed during Rebound, Flight, and Landing phases. Curves were time-normalized and compared between groups (injured and non-injured legs of ACLPT and ACLR vs. non-dominant and dominant legs of controls) and within groups (between legs) using functional analysis of variance methods.Results: Compared to controls, ACL groups exhibited less knee and hip flexion on both legs during Rebound and greater knee external rotation on their injured leg at the start of Rebound and Landing. ACLR also showed less trunk flexion during Rebound. Between-leg differences were observed in ACLR only, with the injured leg more internally rotated at the hip. Overall, kinematic curves were similar between ACLR and ACLPT. However, compared to controls, deviations spanned a greater proportion of the drop–jump movement at the hip in ACLR and at the knee in ACLPT.Conclusions: Trunk and bilateral leg kinematics during double-leg drop–jumps are still compromised long after ACL-rupture care, independent of treatment. Curve analyses indicate the presence of distinct compensatory mechanisms in ACLPT and ACLR compared to controls.
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| 5. |
- Markström, Jonas L., 1985-
(författare)
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Movement strategies and dynamic knee control after anterior cruciate ligament injury : a three-dimensional biomechanical analysis
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is common and mainly occurs in non-contact situations in sports, often due to momentarily poor movement control. Assessment of movement quality during sport-like tasks iscrucial to understand how to decrease the high risk of reinjury for ACL-injured persons, but also how to prevent primary injury. This thesis addresses movement quality after ACL injury and includes development and evaluation of a novel standardized rebound side hop test (SRSH) for reliability and agreement of landing mechanics, and compares these outcomes between asymptomatic persons with different athletic levels, and between different hop tests.Methods: This thesis involves five papers based on two separate data collections performed in a motion analysis laboratory. Paper I is a long-term follow up of ACL-injured persons treated with or without ACL reconstruction (ACLR) compared to asymptomatic persons (total N = 99, age 35-63), while papers II-V included ACLR persons, and asymptomatic elite athletes and non-athletes (total N = 79, age 17-34). A motion capture system synchronized with force plates and surface electromyography (EMG) registered trunk, hip and knee angles and moments and knee muscle activity during the hop for distance, vertical hop, and SRSH. Novel measures of dynamic knee robustness were also evaluated using finite helical axis inclination angles extracted from knee rotation intervals of 10˚.Results: On average 23 years after injury, ACL injured persons performed the vertical hop with diverse angles compared to controls and their non-injured leg.The younger groups of ACLR persons and controls generally displayed excellent reliability and agreement for SRSH landing mechanics. These outcomes differed between the groups, and between legs for ACLR persons, despite similar dynamic knee robustness and acceptable knee function outcomes. Curve analyses further displayed differences between athletes and non-athletes, mainly with greater hip moments for athletes, although with similar values for dynamic knee robustness. Finally, greater knee angles and moments considered strenuous for the ACL were evident during the first rebound landing in SRSH compared to the other landings.Conclusions: Persons who have suffered an ACL injury, regardless of whether treated with ACLR or not, appear to use task-coping strategies in preparation for and during landings to decrease knee joint loading, probably to preserve dynamic knee robustness. More attention should be given to the trunk and hip in clinics when evaluating movement quality after ACL injury to reduce the risk of future injuries due to movement compensation. High-level athletic training may also improve the ability to maintain dynamic knee robustness whilst performing a sport-like side-to-side task more efficiently through increased engagement of the hip. Finally, side hop landings should be assessed when evaluating and correcting for erroneous landing mechanics to improve knee landing control.
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| 6. |
- Mata Forsberg, Manuel, et al.
(författare)
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Activation of human γδ T cells and NK cells by Staphylococcal enterotoxins requires both monocytes and conventional T cells
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Leukocyte Biology. - 0741-5400 .- 1938-3673. ; 111:3, s. 597-609
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) pose a great threat to human health due to their ability to bypass antigen presentation and activate large amounts of conventional T cells resulting in a cytokine storm potentially leading to toxic shock syndrome. Unconventional T- and NK cells are also activated by SE but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, the authors aimed to explore the underlying mechanism behind SE-mediated activation of MAIT-, γδ T-, and NK cells in vitro. CBMC or PBMC were stimulated with the toxins SEA, SEH, and TSST-1, and cytokine and cytotoxic responses were analyzed with ELISA and flow cytometry. All toxins induced a broad range of cytokines, perforin and granzyme B, although SEH was not as potent as SEA and TSST-1. SE-induced IFN-γ expression in MAIT-, γδ T-, and NK cells was clearly reduced by neutralization of IL-12, while cytotoxic compounds were not affected at all. Kinetic assays showed that unconventional T cell and NK cell-responses are secondary to the response in conventional T cells. Furthermore, co-cultures of isolated cell populations revealed that the ability of SEA to activate γδ T- and NK cells was fully dependent on the presence of both monocytes and αβ T cells. Lastly, it was found that SE provoked a reduced and delayed cytokine response in infants, particularly within the unconventional T and NK cell populations. This study provides novel insights regarding the activation of unconventional T- and NK cells by SE, which contribute to understanding the vulnerability of young children towards Staphylococcus aureus infections.
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| 8. |
- Ryd, Nina, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Forskning avgörande för samhällsbyggandet
- 2016
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Ingår i: Dagens Samhälle.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Samhällsbyggnadssektorn omsätter 25 procent av BNP och skapar runt en halv miljon jobb. En stark samhällsbyggnadssektor har därför direkt påverkan på vårt lands tillväxt och välstånd. Byggandet skapar inte bara fysiska förutsättningar, det handlar lika mycket om medborgarnas livskvalitet och företagens konkurrenskraft. Några pågående samhällsbyggnadsprojekt som rymmer alla dessa dimensioner och som visar på sektorns exportpotential är exempelvis: •Export- och investeringsplattformen Hammarby Sjöstad 2.0•Stadsflytten av Kiruna •Pilotprojektet DriveMe, i vilket aktörer inom både transport och samhällsplanering samverkar kring autonoma fordon.Den nationella forskningspolitiken hänger tätt samman med andra satsningar: byggandet av nya hållbara städer, regeringens infrastrukturproposition och inte minst tidigare och kommande förslag på det bostadspolitiska området. Förverkligandet av allt detta kräver ett offensivt forsknings- och innovationsarbete, som sker sektorsövergripande.
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| 9. |
- Schelin, Eva, 1965-
(författare)
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Road user charging for heavy goods vehicles - Implementation aspects
- 2008
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Several factors have influenced the recent development in charging of heavy goods vehicles in Europe. European legislation is changed and the political will is strong in many countries. The public awareness and acceptance is large for the need to put a price and a cost on the use of infrastructure. Environmental concerns are also actuating change in this direction. Systems are being introduced to support and enhance principles of marginal cost, fair pricing, inclusion of emission factors and to support modal shift. This has laid the foundation for a payment will for good technical solutions in the field of road user charging.This licentiate thesis aims at analysing and identifying the most important factors and areas to focus on for reaching a successful implementation of a system for charging heavy goods vehicles based on distance and marginal cost. These are:- Public acceptance and use of opportunities and public opinion- The political process and most important decision points- The legal framework before and during introduction as well as for operation of a system- The institutional framework- Responsibility assignment- System procurement and implementation, including procurement strategy, technology choices, testing and demonstration and interoperabilityAnother important contribution is the implementation process model for an introduction of a distance based system for heavy goods vehicles in a country. The model comprises of the most important aspects to consider which has been made through the study and analysis of both implemented and cancelled systems as well as planned introductions, where the Swedish work in this direction has formed the major part of the analysis. The implementation process model with its main actors, decision points and information flow between actor groups are cornerstones of the model, which can serve as a tool for future implementers to follow.
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