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- Giacobbo, B., et al.
(författare)
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Social stress-dependent changes on behavior and inflammatory parameters in animals with HPA-axis disruption
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : Springer. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 47:Suppl.1, s. S639-S640
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim/Introduction: Chronic stress is associated with aderegulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary adrenal (HPA)axis and can result in behavioral abnormalities, such asdepressive behavior. Adrenalectomy (ADX) inhibits theproduction and release of corticosterone, impairingthe response towards stressors, and thus may preventstress-induced depressive behavior. We aim to determinebehavioral and neuroinflammatory effects of HPA-axisdisruption via bilateral adrenalectomy (ADX) in animalssubmitted to repeated social defeat (RSD).Materials and Methods: 8-weeks old male Wistar rats were dividedinto four groups: ADX+RSD; ADX+Control; Sham+RSD;Sham+Control. Seven days after ADX surgery, animals weresubmitted to a 5 days RSD or Control protocols. One- andtwo days after the last RSD trial, animals went through anopen field and social interaction test, respectively. 14 daysafter RSD, animals went through a 30 minutes [11C]-PBR28scan for microglia activation. Multifactorial ANOVA wasperformed for statistical assessment.Results: There was asignificant effect of RSD (p=0.038) and ADX (p=0.049) onthe social interaction of the animals, as well as an interactionbetween surgery and RSD (p=0.042). Post-hoc analysisshowed a significantly lower social interaction of Sham+RSDwhen compared with the other groups (vs. Control+ADX,p=0.032; Control+Sham, p=0.023; ADX+RSD, p=0.035).Open field analysis showed no anxiety-like behavior norlocomotion effect of RSD or ADX (p>0.05). Microglialactivation assessed through [11C]-PBR28 also showed noeffect of RSD or ADX (p>0.05).Conclusion: HPA-axis signalingdisruption is able to counterbalance the impairment on thesocial behavior of these animals. In contrast, no effects ofADX or RSD were observed in other behavioral paradigms.Neuroinflammation was also not observed two weeks afterthe RSD, suggesting that the inflammatory response ofmicroglial cells is too mild to be detected by PET or thatneuroinflammation was only transient and already resolvedat the time of measurement.References: None
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- Melin, M. C., et al.
(författare)
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Where do people direct their attention while cycling? A comparison of adults and children
- 2018
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-8478. ; 58, s. 292-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cycling in urban environments requires the ability to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant targets quickly and reliably, so that potential hazards can be anticipated and avoided. In two experiments, we investigated where adults and children direct their attention when viewing videos filmed from a cyclist's perspective. We wanted to see if there were any differences in the responses given by experienced adult cyclists, inexperienced adult cyclists, and child cyclists. In Experiment 1, 16 adults (19–33 years) were asked to watch ten videos and to point out things they would pay attention to by tapping a touchscreen (pointed out locations). Afterwards, they were asked to explain their answers. In Experiment 2, 17 adults (19–34 years) and 17 children (11–12 years) performed the same task with the same ten videos, but they were not asked to explain their answers afterwards. The data sets from these two experiments were pooled, creating three groups: ten experienced adult cyclists, 23 inexperienced adult cyclists and 17 children. A total of 23 clearly visible, traffic-relevant targets (pre-specified targets) had previously been identified in the videos. We investigated whether the participants’ pointed-out locations matched these targets (and if so, how fast they responded in pointing them out). We also investigated the number and vertical/horizontal dispersion of these pointed-out locations on the touchscreen. Adults pointed out more locations than children, especially pedestrians and cyclists. This result suggests that, while children focussed as well as adults on cars (arguably the most salient hazard), they were less able to identify other hazards (such as pedestrians or other cyclists). The children had also a larger vertical dispersion and a larger between-participant variation than the adults. Adults were faster at tapping the pre-specified targets and they missed them less often. Overall, the results suggest that 11–12 year old-cyclists have worse situation awareness in traffic than adults.
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| 6. |
- Schildt, E. B., et al.
(författare)
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Occupational exposures as risk factors for oral cancer evaluated in a Swedish case-control study.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Oncology Reports. - 1021-335X. ; 6:2, s. 317-320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a case-control study with 410 cases and 410 matched controls from the period 1980-1989 we investigated the role of occupations and occupational exposures as risk factors for squamous cell oral cancer. All subjects received a questionnaire. The response rates were 96% and 91% for cases and controls, respectively. A significantly increased risk was found for pulp industry workers, odds ratio (OR) 4.0 and wood or product workers, OR 5.5. Exposure to chemicals such as phenoxyacetic acids yielded an OR of 1.7. The positive findings in this study may be explained by exposure to chemicals, but need to be verified in further studies.
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| 7. |
- Schildt, E. B., et al.
(författare)
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Oral infections and dental factors in relation to oral cancer : A Swedish case-control study
- 1998
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Prevention. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0959-8278. ; 7:3, s. 201-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the role of oral infections, dentition and dental X- rays for oral cancer in a north Swedish population. This case-control study consisted of 410 cases with oral cancer for the period 1980-89 and 410 matched controls. All subjects received a mailed questionnaire. The response rates were 96% and 91% for cases and controls, respectively. The univariate analysis showed a statistically significant increased risk for oral cancer among individuals reporting problems with recurrent clinical oral infection (odds ratio (OR) 3.8). Separate analyses were made for groups with a clearly stated HSV-1 infection (OR 1.9) and highly suspected HSV-1 infection (OR 3.3) as reported by the subjects. Odds ratios were also calculated for infections in relation to tobacco and alcohol habits. For individuals reporting recurrent infection problems an increased risk was observed in every combination category. Dental factors such as different fillings, dentures and fixed prostheses showed no increased risks. Dental X-ray did not produce an increased OR either. A multivariate analysis suggested that the most important risk factors were oral infections followed by liquor consumption and active smoking.
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| 8. |
- Schildt, EB, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of p53, PCNA, Ki-67 and bcl-2 in relation to risk factors in oral cancer - a molecular epidemiological study
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Journal of Oncology. - 1019-6439 .- 1791-2423. ; 22:4, s. 861-868
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A group of 133 primary oral squamous cell carcinomas were studied concerning a relationship between exposure factors and tumour biological parameters with a focus on the TP53 gene and p53 protein status. Tumours were evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for expression of p53, PCNA, Ki-67 and bcl-2 proteins. The TP53 gene was studied for mutations using PCR amplification of exons 5-9 and single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. The collected data were correlated to the exposure factors smoking, oral snuff, liquor, oral infections, dental factors, dental X-ray and iron deficiency. When compared with matched controls only oral infections, and reported HSV-infections in particular, gave statistically significant ORs (odds ratio) for all tumours (OR 8.0) as well as for the group of IHC p53 positive tumours (OR 12). No association between smoking and p53 positivity was found (OR 1.0).
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