| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Schneider, Bernd, et al.
(författare)
-
Control of the mid-summer net community production and nitrogen fixation in the central Baltic Sea : An approach based on pCO2 measurements on a cargo ship
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Marine Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-7963 .- 1879-1573. ; 136, s. 1-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automated measurements of the surface CO2 partial pressure, pCO2, were performed since 2003 on a cargo ship along a transect between Helsinki in the Gulf of Finland and Lübeck/Gdynia in the southwest of the Baltic Sea. The temporal and spatial resolution of the measurements amounted to 2–4 days and about 2 nautical miles, respectively. Based on temperature and salinity records and on the mean alkalinity, the total CO2 concentrations, CT, were calculated from the mean pCO2 in the northeastern Gotland Sea. The CT data were used to establish a CO2 mass balance for the period from mid-June to the beginning of August in 2005, 2008, 2009 and 2011. Taking into account the air–sea CO2 gas exchange, the mass balance yielded the net organic matter (Corg) production which is fuelled by nitrogen fixation at this time of the year. Several production events were detected with rates up to 8 μmol-C L− 1 d− 1. The production rates were not related to temperature, but showed a distinct correlation with the rate of the temperature increase. This led to the conclusion that the exposure of nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria to irradiance is the dominating control for the Corg production. Therefore, we suggest using the ratio of irradiance to the mixed layer depth as a variable for the parameterization of nitrogen fixation in biogeochemical models. The Corg production and thus the nitrogen fixation rates remained almost constant as long as continuous rising temperatures indicated favorable irradiation conditions. A limitation of the rates by phosphate or any other factor could not be detected. Based on the C/N ratio of particulate organic matter during a cyanobacteria bloom, the Corg production was used to estimate the mid-summer nitrogen fixation. The values varied from 102 mmol m− 2 to 214 mmol m− 2 (mean: 138 mmol m− 2) for the different years and did not show any correlation with the phosphate excess after the spring nitrate depletion.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bernd, Schneider, et al.
(författare)
-
Biogeochemical cycles : Biological Oceanography of the Baltic Sea
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Springer. - Dordrecht : Springer. - 9789400706675 ; , s. 87-122
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. The internal cycles of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the Baltic Sea are, like in other seas, mainly controlled by biological production and degradation of organic matter (OM). 2. Biological activity also modulates the acid/base balance (pH), which is mainly a function of alkalinity and the total CO2 concentration. 3. Particulate organic matter (POM) produced in the photic zone sinks into deeper water layers and is deposited on the sediment surface, where it is mineralised. Mineralisation is a form of microbial oxidation and thus leads to oxygen depletion. Due to its semi-enclosed position and its bottom topography, large-scale oxygen depletion of deep bottoms is common in the Baltic Sea. 4. Under anoxic conditions, the burial of phosphorus bound to ferric oxide is inhibited and the availability of phosphate for incorporation in new OM production increases. 5. In stagnant waters, the oxic/anoxic interface may migrate from the sediment into the water column, forming a pelagic redoxcline. Such a redoxcline occurs in large areas of the Baltic Sea. 6. At oxygen concentrations close to zero, nitrate acts as an oxidant and is reduced to elemental nitrogen (denitrification). After the exhaustion of both oxygen and nitrate, OM is oxidised by sulphate, which is reduced to toxic hydrogen sulphide. 7. The final step in the mineralisation process is the microbial formation of methane in deeper sediment layers, which reflects the internal oxidation/reduction of OM. 8. A significant fraction of the organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus escapes mineralisation and is permanently buried in the sediment. On a long-term basis, this loss, together with export to the North Sea and internal sinks, is mainly balanced by riverine inputs and atmospheric deposition to the Baltic Sea.
|
|
| 4. |
- Grote, Ludger, 1964, et al.
(författare)
-
REM Sleep Imposes a Vascular Load in COPD Patients Independent of Sleep Apnea.
- 2017
-
Ingår i: COPD. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1541-2563. ; 14:6, s. 565-572
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arterial stiffness, a marker for cardiovascular risk, is increased in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). The specific influence of both on arterial stiffness during sleep is unknown. Nocturnal arterial stiffness (Pulse Propagation Time (PPT) of the finger pulse wave) was calculated in 142 individuals evaluated for sleep apnea: 27 COPD patients (64.7 ± 11y, 31.2 ± 8kg/m2), 72 patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD group, 58.7 ± 13y, 33.6 ± 6kg/m2) and 43 healthy controls (HC group 49.3 ± 12y, 27.6 ± 3kg/m2). Sleep stage related PPT changes were assessed in a subsample of COPD patients and matched controls (n = 12/12). Arterial stiffness during sleep was increased in COPD patients (i.e. shortened PPT) compared to healthy controls (158.2 ± 31 vs. 173.2 ± 38ms, p = 0.075) and to patients with CVD (161.4 ± 41ms). Arterial stiffening was particular strong during REM sleep (145.9 ± 28vs. 172.4 ± 43ms, COPD vs. HC, p = 0.003). In COPD, time SaO2 < 90% was associated with reduced arterial stiffness (Beta +1.7ms (1.1-2.3)/10min, p < 0.001). Sleep apnea did not affect PPT. In COPD, but not in matched controls, arterial stiffness increased from wakefulness to REM-sleep (ΔPPT-8.9 ± 10% in COPD and 3.7 ± 12% in matched controls, p = 0.021). Moreover, REM-sleep related arterial stiffening was correlated with elevated daytime blood pressure (r = -0.92, p < 0.001) and increased myocardial oxygen consumption (r = -0.88, p < 0.01). Hypoxia and REM sleep modulate arterial stiffness. In contrast to healthy controls, REM sleep imposes a vascular load in COPD patients independent of sleep apnea indices, intermittent and sustained hypoxia. The link between REM-sleep, vascular stiffness and daytime cardiovascular function suggests that REM-sleep plays a role for increased cardiovascular morbidity of COPD patients.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Jassbi, Amir Reza, et al.
(författare)
-
Cytotoxic abietane-type diterpenoids from roots of Salvia spinosa and their in Silico pharmacophore modeling
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Natural Product Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1478-6419 .- 1478-6427. ; 36:12, s. 3183-3188
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The roots of Salvia spinosa L. (Lamiaceae) were extracted withhexane, dichloromethane (DCM) and ethyl acetate. The DCMextract exhibited cytotoxic activity (IC50 32.7 mg/mL) against MFC7 breast cancer cell line in MTT colorimetric bioassay. Ferruginol(1), taxodione (2), 12-deoxy-6-hydroxy-6,7-dehydroroyleanone (3),14-deoxycoleon U (4), 15-deoxyfuerstione (5) and taxodone (6)were isolated from the DCM roots extract. Their structures wereelucidated by a combination of spectroscopic analyses includingEIMS and 1H- and 13C NMR spectra. The cytotoxicity of compound3 was determined against MCF-7 and K562 cell lines and compared with the other compounds. A pharmacophore model wasbuilt based on potent input compounds to resolve importantpharmacophore features responsible for cytotoxic activity of theisolated compounds
|
|
| 7. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
-
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy in higher eukaryotes
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Landes Bioscience. - 1554-8627 .- 1554-8635. ; 4:2, s. 151-175
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research in autophagy continues to accelerate,1 and as a result many new scientists are entering the field. Accordingly, it is important to establish a standard set of criteria for monitoring macroautophagy in different organisms. Recent reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose.2,3 There are many useful and convenient methods that can be used to monitor macroautophagy in yeast, but relatively few in other model systems, and there is much confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure macroautophagy in higher eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers of autophagosomes versus those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway; thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from fully functional autophagy that includes delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of the methods that can be used by investigators who are attempting to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as by reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that investigate these processes. This set of guidelines is not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to verify an autophagic response.
|
|
| 8. |
- Mansouri, Larry, et al.
(författare)
-
Frequent NFKBIE deletions are associated with poor outcome in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 128:23, s. 2666-2670
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We recently reported a truncating deletion in the NFKBIE gene, which encodes IκBϵ, a negative feedback regulator of NF-κB, in clinically aggressive chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Preliminary data indicate enrichment of NFKBIE aberrations in other lymphoid malignancies, hence we screened a large patient cohort (n=1460) diagnosed with different lymphoid neoplasms. While NFKBIE deletions were infrequent in follicular lymphoma, splenic marginal-zone lymphoma, and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (<2%), slightly higher frequencies were seen in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, and primary CNS lymphoma (3-4%). In contrast, a remarkably high frequency of NFKBIE aberrations (46/203 cases, 22.7%) was observed in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) and Hodgkin lymphoma (3/11 cases, 27.3%). NFKBIE-deleted PMBL patients were more often therapy-refractory (P=.022) and displayed inferior outcome compared to wildtype patients (5-year survival: 59% vs. 78%; P=.034); however they appeared to benefit from radiotherapy (P=.022) and rituximab-containing regimens (P=.074). NFKBIEaberrations remained an independent factor in multivariate analysis (P=.003), also when restricting to immunochemotherapy-treated patients (P=.008). Whole-exome sequencing and gene expression-profiling verified the importance of NF-κB deregulation in PMBL. In summary, we identify NFKBIE aberrations as a common genetic event across B-cell malignancies and highlight NFKBIE deletions as a novel poor-prognostic marker in PMBL.
|
|
| 9. |
- Meunier, Simon, et al.
(författare)
-
Cost and capacity analysis for representative EU energy grids depending on decarbonisation scenarios : D4.4
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This work studies the transformation of energy grids of the European Union (EU) in the frame of the energy transition. Three energy grid types are considered namely the electricity, thermal and gas grids. Regarding electricity grids, we investigate the required reinforcements of the low-voltage networks (e.g. replacing the distribution transformer by one of higher nominal power, replacing cables by cables of larger cross-section) in order to integrate residential low-carbon technologies such as heat pumps, photovoltaic systems and electric vehicles. To do so, we develop a methodology for the quantification of EU low-voltage grid reinforcement costs following residential low-carbon technologies integration. This methodology uses urbanisation data to determine the share of dwellings in rural and urban areas in EU28 countries (EU27 + United Kingdom). It is also based on a model that quantifies the grid reinforcement cost as a function of the low-carbon technologies integration scenario for representative rural and urban grids. This model is composed of three sub-models, namely the dwelling, grid and economic models. We also collected data from 24 open access grids (i.e. grids of which the specifications are freely accessible online) and 23 scientific articles and reports to determine the parameter values of the grid and economic models for EU28 countries. Finally, we provide example applications that illustrate the methodology by computing the grid reinforcement costs from heat pumps and photovoltaic systems integration in Belgium and Italy. Results indicate that, in the largest majority of cases, both for Belgian and Italian grids, the reinforcement cost per dwelling remains below 350 € per dwelling (total cost for the whole lifespan of 33 years). The only case where more significant reinforcement costs occurred (> 350 €/dwelling and up to 1150 €/dwelling) is for the Belgian rural grid with heat pump integration rates larger than 40%. When it comes to thermal grids, we investigate the deployment of district heating, a heat supply technology that by its fundamental idea incorporates energy efficiency and thus can trigger important greenhouse gas emissions reduction. For this purpose, we proposed an approach to map the cost of thermal grids deployment per heat demand unit in the EU. This approach is based on the concept of representative thermal grids which corresponds to a principal equation that defines the distribution capital costs as the ratio of empirically derived specific investments costs and the linear heat density. In the sEEnergies project, this concept is expanded to comprise better cost models based on actual district heating network layouts at the spatial resolution of 1 hectare. While in the Heat Roadmap Europe project, the variables were generated only for the 14 EU Member States with largest annual volumes of building heat demands, the present approach covers all EU27 Member States plus United Kingdom. In this deliverable, we focus on the current year, while the deliverable 4.5 focuses on the future years. Regarding gas grids, we present the key technical and economic characteristics of the existing gas grids and storages in the EU28 countries. We focus not only on infrastructure for natural gas but also for biogas, biomethane, syngas and hydrogen, which could play an important role in the decrease of greenhouse gas emissions. This techno-economic review provides important information to assess the cost of retrofitting and developing gas grids depending on the decarbonisation scenarios.
|
|
| 10. |
- Mueller, Christian P., et al.
(författare)
-
The Cortical Neuroimmune Regulator TANK Affects Emotional Processing and Enhances Alcohol Drinking : A Translational Study
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Cerebral Cortex. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC. - 1047-3211 .- 1460-2199. ; 29:4, s. 1736-1751
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alcohol abuse is a major public health problem worldwide. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that control regular drinking may help to reduce hazards of alcohol consumption. While immunological mechanisms have been related to alcohol drinking, most studies reported changes in immune function that are secondary to alcohol use. In this report, we analyse how the gene "TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa B activator" (TANK) affects alcohol drinking behavior. Based on our recent discovery in a large GWAS dataset that suggested an association of TANK, SNP rs197273, with alcohol drinking, we report that SNP rs197273 in TANK is associated both with gene expression (P = 1.16 x 10(-19)) and regional methylation (P = 5.90 x 10(-25)). A tank knock out mouse model suggests a role of TANK in alcohol drinking, anxiety-related behavior, as well as alcohol exposure induced activation of insular cortex NF-kappa B. Functional and structural neuroimaging studies among up to 1896 adolescents reveal that TANK is involved in the control of brain activity in areas of aversive interoceptive processing, including the insular cortex, but not in areas related to reinforcement, reward processing or impulsiveness. Our findings suggest that the cortical neuroimmune regulator TANK is associated with enhanced aversive emotional processing that better protects from the establishment of alcohol drinking behavior.
|
|
