| 1. |
- De Jong, Roelof S., et al.
(författare)
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4MOST : The 4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope project at preliminary design review
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VI. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. - 9781510601956 ; 9908
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an overview of the 4MOST project at the Preliminary Design Review. 4MOST is a major new wide-field, high-multiplex spectroscopic survey facility under development for the VISTA telescope of ESO. 4MOST has a broad range of science goals ranging from Galactic Archaeology and stellar physics to the high-energy physics, galaxy evolution, and cosmology. Starting in 2021, 4MOST will deploy 2436 fibres in a 4.1 square degree field-of-view using a positioner based on the tilting spine principle. The fibres will feed one high-resolution (R∼20,000) and two medium resolution (R∼5000) spectrographs with fixed 3-channel designs and identical 6k x 6k CCD detectors. 4MOST will have a unique operations concept in which 5-year public surveys from both the consortium and the ESO community will be combined and observed in parallel during each exposure. The 4MOST Facility Simulator (4FS) was developed to demonstrate the feasibility of this observing concept, showing that we can expect to observe more than 25 million objects in each 5-year survey period and will eventually be used to plan and conduct the actual survey.
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| 2. |
- Amanuel, Mahdere DW, et al.
(författare)
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Verktygslåda för bättre mobilitet på mindre orter – Utvecklingsprojekt med fem stationssamhällen i Småland
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projektet "Stationssamhällen Småland: Verktygslåda för landsbygdsmobilitet" tog sikte på att möta utmaningar i relation till minskat bilresande i syfte att se till att Agenda 2030- målen kan uppnås samtidigt som tillgänglighet bibehålls. Fokus lades på mindre tätorter med tågstationer. Den övergripande målsättningen var att projektets resultat ska underlätta för kommuner att identifiera och implementera hållbara mobilitetslösningar som möter såväl invånares som näringslivets behov i den typen av samhällen. Projektet involverade fem småländska kommuner. Genom en fallstudiebaserad ansats, med metoder så som platsbesök, intervjuer och workshops med representanter för lokalsamhället och näringslivet kartlades behov, en färdplan för nya mobilitetstjänster togs fram och en verktygslåda som kommunerna kan använda för att själva planera och implementera dessa utvecklades. Projektet resulterade i en verktygslåda, presenterad som en Wiki-hemsida, som erbjuder en process för nulägesanalys, behovskartläggning, kunskapsuppbyggnad, idégenerering och implementering av mobilitetslösningar. Verktygslådan är avsedd att underlätta för andra kommuner att självständigt förbättra mobiliteten baserat på lokala behov. Insikter från projektet inkluderar betydelsen av brett stöd inom kommunen, näringslivets deltagande som en katalysator för förändring, och behovet av att utgå från specifika målgruppers behov. Projektet framhåller även vikten av mjuka åtgärder, kostnadseffektiva lösningar, och samarbete över kommungränser för att förbättra pendlingsresor. Genom att fokusera på marknadsföring av befintlig kollektivtrafik, optimering av kollektivtrafik, och olika former av samordnad mobilitet, inklusive cykling och samåkning, presenteras konkreta lösningar för ökad tillgänglighet och hållbar mobilitet på landsbygden.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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RISE Policylabb – de första fem åren
- 2023
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this report, we have compiled our learnings and experiences of working with Policy Lab. Policy Labs have come about as an answer to the question "Can you work with policy and regulatory development in a better way than today?". Our answer to the question is a yes. Our hope with the report is that others will become interested and start their own Policy Lab. Abroad, there are many Policy Labs, but in Sweden there are only a few, which is why we believe there is room for more. There is not a given way to work with Policy Labs once and for all, but each Policy Lab is unique based on its context. Sweden's innovation agency Vinnova defines Policy Labs as follows: "Policy Labs can be explained as a group of actors with different competencies who want to develop a regulatory framework. In the Policy Lab, they use a set of user-centric methods and competencies to test, experiment, and learn in policy development."1 In our Policy Lab, we have worked in various research projects to: 1. analyse challenges/problems that arise between innovations, technology, market, and regulations, 2. develop one or more workable solutions and 3. interact with relevant actors to determine the next steps. What distinguishes our Policy Lab is that we never “own” the issue or solution. We must therefore always work with other actors who can take the results further. Our goal is to enable and skill people. This means that for us it is important to work concretely with real problems and needs owners and preferably test different solutions. We focus on the here and now perspective and not on what the future will look like in 10 years. It is about taking the next step forward towards the future, not creating the best rule, but instead creating the next rule. We also work consistently agile and use design as a method for problem solving. This means that the way we organize our work in the Policy Lab is circular and not linear. When it comes to using design as a method for problem solving, we use the concepts of "design thinking" and "double diamond". For us, it is also important that the members of the Policy Lab have different backgrounds and skills depending on what is needed in the individual project....
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Brunklaus, Birgit, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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8 ton society Sweden : Assessing the material footprint of sharing and circular lifestyles in housing,mobility and food
- 2019
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Ingår i: Life Cycle Management Conference 2019. - Poznan, Polen.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The average Swedish household throws away 480 kg of solid garbage per year. But this amount of material is only a small share of the resource consumption that our lifestylegives rise to. Our homes need to be built, goods produced, we are transported,and food is produced. In today's linear consumption society, every individual inthe EU is estimated to have a material footprint of 29 tons/year on average – afootprint that needs to shrink to 8 tons in order to stay within “planetaryboundaries”. In a circular system, products are recycled and shared leading toless resources and materials needed, but do we know how much? Which resourceand material consumption is generated in Sweden? What could we achieve througha transition to a sharing and circular economy, and how would our consumptionpatterns look like within a sustainable material lifestyle? The goal of thisstudyis to assess the material footprint of sharing and circular lifestyles inhousing, mobility and food system. "8 ton society" takes athree-level method approach: (1) National: assessing the material footprint ofsharing and circular lifestyles in housing, mobility and food systems on anational level. (2) Municipal: Mapping material and waste streams at municipallevel (for the three Swedish municipalities Göteborg, Malmö och Umeå), by whichmunicipalities can identify opportunities for a circular society, for exampleby supplementing existing climate strategies and waste plans with circularaction plans. (3) Household: Combined with a household level analysis ofmaterial footprints, the project contributes to behavioral change at householdlevel as well as strengthened decision making and innovation at national andmunicipal level. The results of the study are material footprints and scenariosthat are used as basis for the development of reduction measures. The scenariosdescribe potential “8t societies” for Sweden, meaning potential policy andsocietal innovations that allow for a drastic reduction of material footprint.These include sharing and circular solutions. Additionally, the project willcontrast the Swedish results to similar projects that have been carried out in Finland and Germany.
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| 6. |
- Brunklaus, Birgit, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Konsumtionsbaserade resursavtryck och cirkulär ekonomi i Sverige : Nationella och lokala resursavtryck i Göteborg, Malmö och Umeå
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- World Business Council for Sustainable Development WBCSD estimates that by 2050we will need four to tenfold improvements in resource efficiency. Sweden's Agenda 2030Action Plan for 2018 - 2020 has a strategy for sustainable consumption that aims, amongother things, to increase resource efficiency and circular economy. The Swedishinnovation Agency Vinnova runs a program on circular economy from theory to practice.This study is part of a project called “8 on society” and financed by the Swedishinnovation agency Vinnova. The aim of the project is to measure the citizens nationalfootprint and to increase the knowledge of municipalities on circular economy, the useof resources and citizens material footprints.In this study we have chosen a method that measures the citizens consumption and itstotal impact on global resources. The method is called Lifestyle Material Footprint LMFand include, among other things, abiotic and biotic resources. A sustainable level withinplanetary boundaries lies at 8 tons per person, according to calculations from theWuppertal Institute and Aalto University.The results of this study are based on national and municipal statistics on consumptioncombined with a resource database. The results show that Sweden's consumption-basedmaterial footprint is 32 tons per person and year: including food (20%), mobility (41%),housing (27%), and electronics / clothing / furniture (4%), leisure activities (6%). Theresults for Gothenburg and Malmö are also around 30-35 tons. Umeå stands out and isaround 40 tons. This is because heating for housing and transport are much higher innorthern Sweden. Finland shows similar figures, eg 40 tons.Sweden's resource footprint for leisure activities is around 2,000 kg per person and year(distributed on 200 kg outdoor activities, 800 kg computer / TV, culture 100 kg, tourism900 kg). Differences between the three cities lie in tourism. Umeå residents travel more.Sweden's resource footprint for electronics, clothing and furniture is 1400 kg per personand year (800 kg electronics, 499 kg clothes and shoes, and 88 kg furniture).The results also show that Swedish waste's related resource footprint is 5.5 tons including2.7 tons for electronics and 1 ton for mixed waste. Gothenburg and Malmö are around 3-4 tons including 1 ton for electronics and 1 ton for mixed waste.Future scenarios and different lifestyles have been discussed (local, digital, circular) andcalculations of scenarios around division and circularity show that Sweden's resourcefootprint fall below 8 tons, but only if sharing initiatives increase from 10% to 20%, andcircularity increases to 40%.The results also indicate that there is an opportunity to integrate resource footprint intostrategy and action plans in the three cities. Future prospects for using resource footprintas indicator look good. Within the new OECD study and the follow-up of circulareconomics, several new indicators have been proposed, including a resource footprint.To achieve a sustainable society and a circular economy, it also needs a resource targetkg / person for example in IT and electronics!
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| 7. |
- de Jong, Roelof S., et al.
(författare)
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4MOST-4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. ; 9147
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- 4MOST is a wide-field, high-multiplex spectroscopic survey facility under development for the VISTA telescope of the European Southern Observatory (ESO). Its main science drivers are in the fields of galactic archeology, high-energy physics, galaxy evolution and cosmology. 4MOST will in particular provide the spectroscopic complements to the large area surveys coming from space missions like Gaia, eROSITA, Euclid, and PLATO and from ground-based facilities like VISTA, VST, DES, LSST and SKA. The 4MOST baseline concept features a 2.5 degree diameter field-of-view with similar to 2400 fibres in the focal surface that are configured by a fibre positioner based on the tilting spine principle. The fibres feed two types of spectrographs; similar to 1600 fibres go to two spectrographs with resolution R> 5000 (lambda similar to 390-930 nm) and similar to 800 fibres to a spectrograph with R> 18,000 (lambda similar to 392-437 nm & 515-572 nm & 605-675 nm). Both types of spectrographs are fixed-configuration, three-channel spectrographs. 4MOST will have an unique operations concept in which 5 year public surveys from both the consortium and the ESO community will be combined and observed in parallel during each exposure, resulting in more than 25 million spectra of targets spread over a large fraction of the southern sky. The 4MOST Facility Simulator (4FS) was developed to demonstrate the feasibility of this observing concept. 4MOST has been accepted for implementation by ESO with operations expected to start by the end of 2020. This paper provides a top-level overview of the 4MOST facility, while other papers in these proceedings provide more detailed descriptions of the instrument concept[1], the instrument requirements development[2], the systems engineering implementation[3], the instrument model[4], the fibre positioner concepts[5], the fibre feed[6], and the spectrographs[7].
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| 8. |
- Guiglion, G., et al.
(författare)
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4MOST Survey Strategy Plan
- 2019
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Ingår i: Messenger. - 0722-6691. ; 175, s. 17-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The current status of and motivation for the 4MOST survey strategy, as developed by the Consortium science team, are presented here. Key elements of the strategy are described, such as sky coverage, number of visits and total exposure times in different parts of the sky, and how to deal with different observing conditions. The task of organising the strategy is not simple, with many different surveys that have vastly different target brightnesses and densities, sample completeness levels, and signal-to-noise requirements. We introduce here a number of concepts that we will use to ensure all surveys are optimised. Astronomers who are planning to submit a Participating Survey proposal are strongly encouraged to read this article and any relevant 4MOST Survey articles in this issue of The Messenger such that they can optimally complement and benefit from the planned surveys of the 4MOST Consortium.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Olsson, Linda, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Circular Business Models for Extended EV Battery Life
- 2018
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Ingår i: Batteries. - : MDPI AG. - 2313-0105. ; 4:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the near future, a large volume of electric vehicle (EV) batteries will reach their end-of-life in EVs. However, they may still retain capacity that could be used in a second life, e.g., for a second use in an EV, or for home electricity storage, thus becoming part of the circular economy instead of becoming waste. The aim of this paper is to explore second life of EV batteries to provide an understanding of how the battery value chain and related business models can become more circular. We apply qualitative research methods and draw on data from interviews and workshops with stakeholders, to identify barriers to and opportunities for second use of EV batteries. New business models are conceptualized, in which increased economic viability of second life and recycling and increased business opportunities for stakeholders may lead to reduced resource consumption. The results show that although several stakeholders see potential in second life, there are several barriers, many of which are of an organizational and cognitive nature. The paper concludes that actors along the battery value chain should set up new collaborations with other actors to be able to benefit from creating new business opportunities and developing new business models together.
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