| 1. |
- Bals, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Electronic cigarettes : a task force report from the European Respiratory Society
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 53:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a marked increase in the development and use of electronic nicotine delivery systems or electronic cigarettes (ECIGs). This statement covers electronic cigarettes (ECIGs), defined as "electrical devices that generate an aerosol from a liquid" and thus excludes devices that contain tobacco. Database searches identified published articles that were used to summarise the current knowledge on the epidemiology of ECIG use; their ingredients and accompanied health effects; second-hand exposure; use of ECIGs for smoking cessation; behavioural aspects of ECIGs and social impact; in vitro and animal studies; and user perspectives. ECIG aerosol contains potentially toxic chemicals. As compared to conventional cigarettes, these are fewer and generally in lower concentrations. Second-hand exposures to ECIG chemicals may represent a potential risk, especially to vulnerable populations. There is not enough scientific evidence to support ECIGs as an aid to smoking cessation due to a lack of controlled trials, including those that compare ECIGs with licenced stop-smoking treatments. So far, there are conflicting data that use of ECIGs results in a renormalisation of smoking behaviour or for the gateway hypothesis. Experiments in cell cultures and animal studies show that ECIGs can have multiple negative effects. The long-term effects of ECIG use are unknown, and there is therefore no evidence that ECIGs are safer than tobacco in the long term. Based on current knowledge, negative health effects cannot be ruled out.
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| 2. |
- Schober, Kay-Uwe, et al.
(författare)
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FRP reinforcement of timber structures
- 2015
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Ingår i: Construction and Building Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0950-0618. ; 97, s. 106-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Timber engineering has advanced over recent decades to offer an alternative to traditional materials andmethods. The bonding of fibre reinforced plastics (FRP) with adhesives to timber structures for repair andstrengthening has many advantages. However, the lack of established design rules has strongly restrainedthe use of FRP strengthening in many situations, where these could be a preferable option to most traditionaltechniques. A significant body of research has been carried out in recent years on the performanceof FRP reinforced timber and engineered wood products. This paper gives a State of the Art summary ofmaterial formulations, application areas, design approaches and quality control issues for practical engineersto introduce on-site bonding of FRP to timber as a new way in design for structural repair andrehabilitation.
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| 3. |
- Ashrafian, Hutan, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolomics : The Stethoscope for the Twenty-First Century
- 2021
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Ingår i: Medical principles and practice. - : S. Karger. - 1011-7571 .- 1423-0151. ; 30:4, s. 301-310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metabolomics encompasses the systematic identification and quantification of all metabolic products in the human body. This field could provide clinicians with novel sets of diagnostic biomarkers for disease states in addition to quantifying treatment response to medications at an individualized level. This literature review aims to highlight the technology underpinning metabolic profiling, identify potential applications of metabolomics in clinical practice, and discuss the translational challenges that the field faces. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE for primary and secondary research articles regarding clinical applications of metabolomics. Metabolic profiling can be performed using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance-based techniques using a variety of biological samples. This is carried out in vivo or in vitro following careful sample collection, preparation, and analysis. The potential clinical applications constitute disruptive innovations in their respective specialities, particularly oncology and metabolic medicine. Outstanding issues currently preventing widespread clinical use are scalability of data interpretation, standardization of sample handling practice, and e-infrastructure. Routine utilization of metabolomics at a patient and population level will constitute an integral part of future healthcare provision.
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| 4. |
- Chen, Xiaoming, et al.
(författare)
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Guest Editorial Massive Access for 5G and Beyond-Part I
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 0733-8716 .- 1558-0008. ; 39:3, s. 611-614
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Massive access, also known as massive connectivity or massive machine-type communication (mMTC), is one of the main use cases of the fifth-generation (5G) and beyond 5G (B5G) wireless networks. In the past few years, it has received considerable attention in academia and industry. This Special Issue (SI) of the IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications (JSAC) on Massive Access for 5G and Beyond contains the latest results of researchers, industry practitioners, and individuals working on related research problems. Due to the extremely high response to the Call for Papers, this SI is split into two parts. The first part includes a guest editor-authored survey paper and 17 technical papers focusing on access models and access protocols, while the second part contains 18 papers focusing on access techniques and coverage enhancement approaches. We sincerely thank the authors, reviewers, JSAC staffs, and the Senior Editor, Prof. Wayne Stark, for their effort and time in preparing this SI.
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| 5. |
- Chen, Xiaoming, et al.
(författare)
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Guest Editorial Massive Access for 5G and Beyond-Part II
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 0733-8716 .- 1558-0008. ; 39:4, s. 899-902
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This second part of the two-part Special Issue (SI) on massive access for 5G and beyond starts with several papers on massive access techniques, then switches to coverage enhancement approaches, and finishes with a paper on the application of massive access in industrial Internet-of-Things (IoT).
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| 6. |
- Chen, Xiaoming, et al.
(författare)
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Massive Access for 5G and Beyond
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 0733-8716 .- 1558-0008. ; 39:3, s. 615-637
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Massive access, also known as massive connectivity or massive machine-type communication (mMTC), is one of the main use cases of the fifth-generation (5G) and beyond 5G (B5G) wireless networks. A typical application of massive access is the cellular Internet of Things (IoT). Different from conventional human-type communication, massive access aims at realizing efficient and reliable communications for a massive number of IoT devices. Hence, the main characteristics of massive access include low power, massive connectivity, and broad coverage, which require new concepts, theories, and paradigms for the design of next-generation cellular networks. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of massive access design for B5G wireless networks. Specifically, we provide a detailed review of massive access from the perspectives of theory, protocols, techniques, coverage, energy, and security. Furthermore, several future research directions and challenges are identified.
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| 7. |
- Clerckx, Bruno, et al.
(författare)
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Is NOMA Efficient in Multi-Antenna Networks? : A Critical Look at Next Generation Multiple Access Techniques
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2644-125X. ; 2, s. 1310-1343
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the past few years, a large body of literature has been created on downlink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA), employing superposition coding and Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC), in multi-antenna wireless networks. Furthermore, the benefits of NOMA over Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) have been highlighted. In this paper, we take a critical and fresh look at the downlink Next Generation Multiple Access (NGMA) literature. Instead of contrasting NOMA with OMA, we contrast NOMA with two other multiple access baselines. The first is conventional Multi-User Linear Precoding (MU-LP), as used in Space-Division Multiple Access (SDMA) and multi-user Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) in 4G and 5G. The second, called Rate-Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA), is based on multi-antenna Rate-Splitting (RS). It is also a non-orthogonal transmission strategy relying on SIC developed in the past few years in parallel and independently from NOMA. We show that there is some confusion about the benefits of NOMA, and we dispel the associated misconceptions. First, we highlight why NOMA is inefficient in multi-antenna settings based on basic multiplexing gain analysis. We stress that the issue lies in how the NOMA literature, originally developed for single-antenna setups, has been hastily applied to multi-antenna setups, resulting in a misuse of spatial dimensions and therefore loss in multiplexing gains and rate. Second, we show that NOMA incurs a severe multiplexing gain loss despite an increased receiver complexity due to an inefficient use of SIC receivers. Third, we emphasize that much of the merits of NOMA are due to the constant comparison to OMA instead of comparing it to MU-LP and RS baselines. We then expose the pivotal design constraint that multi-antenna NOMA requires one user to fully decode the messages of the other users. This design constraint is responsible for the multiplexing gain erosion, rate and spectral efficiency loss, ineffectiveness to serve a large number of users, and inefficient use of SIC receivers in multi-antenna settings. Our analysis and simulation results confirm that NOMA should not be applied blindly to multi-antenna settings, highlight the scenarios where MU-LP outperforms NOMA and vice versa, and demonstrate the inefficiency, performance loss, and complexity disadvantages of NOMA compared to RSMA. The first takeaway message is that, while NOMA is suited for single-antenna settings (as originally intended), it is not efficient in most multi-antenna deployments. The second takeaway message is that another non-orthogonal transmission framework, based on RSMA, exists which fully exploits the multiplexing gain and the benefits of SIC to boost the rate and the number of users to serve in multi-antenna settings and outperforms both NOMA and MU-LP. Indeed, RSMA achieves higher multiplexing gains and rates, serves a larger number of users, is more robust to user deployments, network loads and inaccurate channel state information and has a lower receiver complexity than NOMA. Consequently, RSMA is a promising technology for NGMA and future networks such as 6G and beyond.
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| 8. |
- Coomans, Emma M., et al.
(författare)
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In vivo tau pathology is associated with synaptic loss and altered synaptic function
- 2021
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's Research and Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1758-9193. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The mechanism of synaptic loss in Alzheimer’s disease is poorly understood and may be associated with tau pathology. In this combined positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) study, we aimed to investigate spatial associations between regional tau pathology ([18F]flortaucipir PET), synaptic density (synaptic vesicle 2A [11C]UCB-J PET) and synaptic function (MEG) in Alzheimer’s disease. Methods: Seven amyloid-positive Alzheimer’s disease subjects from the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort underwent dynamic 130-min [18F]flortaucipir PET, dynamic 60-min [11C]UCB-J PET with arterial sampling and 2 × 5-min resting-state MEG measurement. [18F]flortaucipir- and [11C]UCB-J-specific binding (binding potential, BPND) and MEG spectral measures (relative delta, theta and alpha power; broadband power; and peak frequency) were assessed in cortical brain regions of interest. Associations between regional [18F]flortaucipir BPND, [11C]UCB-J BPND and MEG spectral measures were assessed using Spearman correlations and generalized estimating equation models. Results: Across subjects, higher regional [18F]flortaucipir uptake was associated with lower [11C]UCB-J uptake. Within subjects, the association between [11C]UCB-J and [18F]flortaucipir depended on within-subject neocortical tau load; negative associations were observed when neocortical tau load was high, gradually changing into opposite patterns with decreasing neocortical tau burden. Both higher [18F]flortaucipir and lower [11C]UCB-J uptake were associated with altered synaptic function, indicative of slowing of oscillatory activity, most pronounced in the occipital lobe. Conclusions: These results indicate that in Alzheimer’s disease, tau pathology is closely associated with reduced synaptic density and synaptic dysfunction.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Javed, Muhammad Ahsan, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of intensified chemotherapy in metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in clinical routine in Europe
- 2019
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Ingår i: Pancreatology (Print). - : Elsevier. - 1424-3903 .- 1424-3911. ; 19:1, s. 97-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with poor prognosis. Gemcitabine is the standard chemotherapy for patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (MPA). Randomized clinical trials evaluating intensified chemotherapies including FOLFIRINOX and nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (NAB+GEM) have shown improvement in survival. Here, we have evaluated the efficacy of intensified chemotherapy versus gemcitabine monotherapy in real-life settings across Europe.METHODS: A retrospective multi-center study including 1056 MPA patients, between 2012 and 2015, from nine centers in UK, Germany, Italy, Hungary and the Swedish registry was performed. Follow-up was at least 12 months. Cox proportional Harzards regression was used for uni- and multivariable evaluation of prognostic factors.RESULTS: Of 1056 MPA patients, 1030 (98.7%) were assessable for survival analysis. Gemcitabine monotherapy was the most commonly used regimen (41.3%), compared to FOLFIRINOX (n = 204, 19.3%), NAB+GEM (n = 81, 7.7%) and other gemcitabine- or 5-FU-based regimens (n = 335, 31.7%). The median overall survival (OS) was: FOLFIRINOX 9.9 months (95%CI 8.4-12.6), NAB+GEM 7.9 months (95%CI 6.2-10.0), other combinations 8.5 months (95%CI 7.7-9.3) and gemcitabine monotherapy 4.9 months (95%CI 4.4-5.6). Compared to gemcitabine monotherapy, any combination of chemotherapeutics improved the survival with no significant difference between the intensified regimens. Multivariable analysis showed an association between treatment center, male gender, inoperability at diagnosis and performance status (ECOG 1-3) with poor prognosis.CONCLUSION: Gemcitabine monotherapy was predominantly used in 2012-2015. Intensified chemotherapy improved OS in comparison to gemcitabine monotherapy. In real-life settings, the OS rates of different treatment approaches are lower than shown in randomized phase III trials.
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