| 1. |
- Altman, Chris, et al.
(författare)
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Drunk Not Blind: The Effects of High Alcohol Doses on Eyewitness Identifications.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Oral presentation at the 5th annual forensic science symposium at the International Forensic Research Institute (IFRI). Miami, USA..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Intoxicated witnesses often exceed the legal BAC limit of .08 (Evans et. al, 2009); however, little research has examined how high levels of intoxication impair eyewitnesses’ memory using a lineup procedure. This study tested witnesses’ memory across a broad BAC spectrum (.00-.32). Bar patrons were recruited to watch a mock crime video before making an identification from either a target-absent or target-present lineup. Results suggest that intoxicated witness’ identification performance parallels that of sober witnesses, but highly intoxicated witnesses are less confident in their identifications. Implications for collecting evidence from intoxicated witnesses are discussed.
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| 2. |
- Altman, Christopher, et al.
(författare)
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How much is too much? The effects of real-world intoxication levels on eyewitness identifications.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Oral presentation at the annual meeting of the American Psychology- Law Society (APLS) (Atlanta, USA)..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Intoxicated witnesses often exceed the legal BAC limit of .08 (Evans et. al, 2009); however, little research has examined how high levels of intoxication impair eyewitnesses’ memory using a lineup procedure. This study tested witnesses’ memory across a broad BAC spectrum (.00-.32). Bar patrons were recruited to watch a mock crime video before making an identification from either a target-absent or target-present lineup. Results suggest that intoxicated witness’ identification performance parallels that of sober witnesses, but highly intoxicated witnesses are less confident in their identifications. Implications for collecting evidence from intoxicated witnesses are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Altman, Christopher, et al.
(författare)
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Over the limit: Highly intoxicated witnesses’ ability to recall an event
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Psychology Law Society (AP-LS) annual conference. Seattle, USA: 16-18 March.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Although intoxicated witnesses often exceed the legal BAC limit, few studies have examined how elevated BAC levels (>.08) affect eyewitness memory. This study tested witnesses’ memory across a broader BAC spectrum. Bar patrons were recruited (N =138) to watch a mock crime video. Immediately after, participants were interviewed using open-ended and cued questions. Alcohol diminished participants’ recall quantity and quality, but only those who were highly intoxicated (BAC >.13). Findings suggest the BAC levels frequently tested do not fully unveil the impairments highly intoxicated witnesses experience. Implications for collecting evidence from intoxicated witnesses are discussed.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Altman, Christopher, et al.
(författare)
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Witnesses’ memory for events and faces under elevated levels of intoxication
- 2018
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Ingår i: Memory. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0965-8211 .- 1464-0686. ; 26:7, s. 946-959
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on alcohol and witness memory has burgeoned over the last decade. However, most studies have tested participants at relatively low breath alcohol concentration (BAC) levels, unrepresentative of those encountered by officers in the field. To examine how higher intoxication levels might impair witness memory for events and faces, the current research tested participants’ ability to recall a mock crime at elevated BAC levels (>.08%). The BAC levels of bar patrons (N = 138) were recorded before witnessing a video-taped mock crime. Participants were then interviewed using free recall and cued questions and shown a six-person target-present or target-absent lineup. Results show that alcohol negatively affected both the quantity and quality of recall. Regardless of question format, alcohol also reduced the percentage of accurate information elicited from witnesses; however, only cued questions increased the percentage of inaccurate information reported. Intoxication had no effect on identification accuracy. These findings suggest that the encoding and storage systems for faces and events may be impacted differently by alcohol. Our results also highlight the importance of including higher BAC levels when examining the effects of alcohol on witness memory.
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| 6. |
- Evans, Jacqueline, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol and interrogations: Does intoxication increase the risk of self-incrimination?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Poster presented at at the 2022 Convention of the American Psychological Association (APA) conference, Minneapolis, USA, 4-6th of August 2022.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Law enforcement routinely interrogate intoxicated suspects in the U.S. despite the fact that very little is known about the effects of intoxication on interrogation outcomes. The intoxicated may be at particular risk for making impulsive decisions that focus on short-term consequences, including making incriminating statements or confessing. Experimental participants, who were randomly assigned to sober, placebo, or intoxicated conditions, engaged in the Cheating Paradigm (Russano et al., 2005). Their interrogations are being coded to determine if intoxication state impacted whether guilty and innocent participants provided incriminating statements. Findings have implications for theory and police practice when interrogating the intoxicated.
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| 7. |
- Evans, Jacqueline, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of alcohol intoxication and short-sighted decision-making in the interrogation room
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition. - 2211-3681.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Suspects are often intoxicated during arrest and interrogation, yet little is known about intoxicated suspects during interrogation. Student participants (n = 141) were assigned to an intoxication group (sober, placebo, intoxicated at approximately .08%) and to be guilty or innocent of cheating (i.e., the cheating paradigm). To test whether alcohol myopia leads intoxicated suspects to focus on immediate salient consequences during interrogation an interrogator accused participants of cheating and used one of two possible interrogation scripts that varied the consequences of confession and denial. There were no significant effects of intoxication, although all false confessors were intoxicated. Guilty participants focused more on short-term consequences than innocent participants when providing statements that could be interpreted as incriminating. Most participants made such a guilt-suggestive statement, indicating that if they talk to police everyone is at risk of saying something to reinforce investigators’ suspicions. Low-to-moderate intoxication, surprisingly, does not amplify that risk.
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| 8. |
- Evans, Jacqueline, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of intoxication and alcohol expectancies on suggestibility as measured by the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Psychology Law Society (AP-LS) Annual conference. Seattle, USA: 16-18 March.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Intoxicated witnesses and suspects in the U.S. are routinely questioned by law enforcement yet little is known about the effects of intoxication in legal contexts. The sparse research on the effect of intoxication on suggestibility is mixed. The current study will attempt to help clarify these mixed findings. Intoxicated, placebo, and control participants will complete the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale after consuming drinks consistent with their randomly assigned condition. Suggestibility is expected to be highest in intoxicated participants, lowest for control participants, and placebo participants are expected to fall in the middle. Implications for the criminal justice system will be discussed.
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| 9. |
- Green, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol-intoxication and eyewitness’ event memory: A field study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Oral presentation at the 1th virtual conference of the European Association of Psychology and Law (EAPL)..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The aim of the present study is to examine the amount of details alcohol-intoxicated eyewitnesses are able to recollect and the accuracy of those details. The novelty of this quasi-experimental study is that it is conducted in a field setting where the levels of breath alcohol content (BrAC) among the participants is potentially higher than in laboratory studies. Method: Participants (N = 65) were recruited in bars. Their breath alcohol content (BrAC) ranged from 0.00-0.15% (M = 0.05%, SD = 0.04). Participants were then shown a video depicting a mock-crime and interviewed afterwards. For analytic purposes, level of intoxication was collapsed into low (BrAC 0.000 - 0.049%, n = 36), moderate (BrAC = 0.050 - 0.100%, n = 18) and high intoxication (BrAC = 0.110 - 0.150%, n = 11). Results: The data collection is ongoing and results are preliminary. An ANOVA showed that BrAC had a significant effect on accuracy of memory, F(2, 62) = 4.26, p = 0.02, η2 = 0.12. Post hoc comparisons showed that the high intoxication group had a significantly lower accuracy rate (M = 87%, SD = 0.07) than the low (M = 92%, SD = 0.05) and the moderate intoxication group (M = 93%, SD = 0.06). No significant effect was found on the amount of details reported, F(2, 62) = 0.38, p = 0.68. Conclusions: It seems that quality of recall is only influenced at BrAC levels above 0.10%. Considering that mean BrAC was only 0.05% and is subject to change as more data is collected, restraint is recommended when interpreting these results. The results and their significance will be discussed in contrast to recent findings in the field of research.
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| 10. |
- Hagsand, Angelica, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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A survey of police officers encounters with sober, alcohol- and drug-intoxicated suspects in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Psychology, Crime and Law. - 1068-316X. ; 28:5, s. 523-544
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alcohol-related crimes are very common globally, including in Scandinavia. Despite this, no survey to date has examined the prevalence of alcohol- and drug-intoxicated suspects in Sweden specifically, or which procedures police use when interacting with this suspect group. Given the current lack of (inter)national policy guidelines on how to interrogate intoxicated persons, it is important to examine law enforcement’s contact with this potentially vulnerable group in different contexts. This was the aim of the present study. Data were collected via an online survey sent out to Swedish police investigators and 133 officers responded in total. A large majority (87%) of responses indicated that it was common or very common to encounter intoxicated suspects, but findings also suggest that police departments differ in their procedures for when and how to conduct investigations and interviews involving drunk suspects. Our findings support the need for (inter)national guidelines on how to interview intoxicated suspects and the need for more scientific studies on how alcohol affects suspect’s memory and decision making.
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