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| 2. |
- Morillo-Mendez, Lucas, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Age-Related Differences in the Perception of Eye-Gaze from a Social Robot
- 2021
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Ingår i: Social Robotics. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030905255 - 9783030905248 ; , s. 350-361
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sensibility to deictic gaze declines naturally with age and often results in reduced social perception. Thus, the increasing efforts in developing social robots that assist older adults during daily life tasks need to consider the effects of aging. In this context, as non-verbal cues such as deictic gaze are important in natural communication in human-robot interaction, this paper investigates the performance of older adults, as compared to younger adults, during a controlled, online (visual search) task inspired by daily life activities, while assisted by a social robot. This paper also examines age-related differences in social perception. Our results showed a significant facilitation effect of head movement representing deictic gaze from a Pepper robot on task performance. This facilitation effect was not significantly different between the age groups. However, social perception of the robot was less influenced by its deictic gaze behavior in older adults, as compared to younger adults. This line of research may ultimately help informing the design of adaptive non-verbal cues from social robots for a wide range of end users.
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| 3. |
- Morillo-Mendez, Lucas, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Age-Related Differences in the Perception of Robotic Referential Gaze in Human-Robot Interaction
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Social Robotics. - : Springer. - 1875-4791 .- 1875-4805. ; , s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an increased interest in using social robots to assist older adults during their daily life activities. As social robots are designed to interact with older users, it becomes relevant to study these interactions under the lens of social cognition. Gaze following, the social ability to infer where other people are looking at, deteriorates with older age. Therefore, the referential gaze from robots might not be an effective social cue to indicate spatial locations to older users. In this study, we explored the performance of older adults, middle-aged adults, and younger controls in a task assisted by the referential gaze of a Pepper robot. We examined age-related differences in task performance, and in self-reported social perception of the robot. Our main findings show that referential gaze from a robot benefited task performance, although the magnitude of this facilitation was lower for older participants. Moreover, perceived anthropomorphism of the robot varied less as a result of its referential gaze in older adults. This research supports that social robots, even if limited in their gazing capabilities, can be effectively perceived as social entities. Additionally, this research suggests that robotic social cues, usually validated with young participants, might be less optimal signs for older adults.Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12369-022-00926-6.
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| 4. |
- Arnison, Tor, Filosofie doktor, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescent girls' musculoskeletal pain is more affected by insomnia than boys', and through different psychological pathways
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Pain. - : Elsevier. - 1526-5900 .- 1528-8447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prior research has established that insomnia is predctive of pain in adolescents and that psychological mechanisms have a crucial role in this relationship. Adolescent girls report more insomnia and pain than boys, yet little is known of gender differences in how insomnia influences pain. This study assessed gender differences in levels and trajectories of insomnia and pain during adolescence, and whether rumination and negative mood mediated the effect of insomnia on pain. Longitudinal survey data measured on 5 annual occasions (Nbaseline = 2,767) were analyzed in a multigroup longitudinal serial mediation model. A final model was generated with insomnia as the predictor, rumination and depressed mood as mediators, pain as the outcome, and gender the grouping variable. The results showed that insomnia predicted pain in adolescents, with an effect 3.5 times larger in girls than boys. Depressed mood was the main mediator in boys. In girls, rumination was the only significant mediator. There were significant gender differences in the effects of insomnia on rumination and pain, and in the effects of rumination on depressed mood and pain, with stronger effects in girls. These results highlight that girls and boys should be considered separately when studying the relationship between insomnia and pain. PERSPECTIVE: Levels of insomnia and pain are progressively higher in adolescent girls than boys, across adolescence. The predictive strength of insomnia symptoms for future pain is 3.5 times greater in girls, with distinct gender-specific underlying pathways: rumination partially mediates this effect in girls, while depressed mood does so in boys.
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| 5. |
- Arnison, Tor, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal, bidirectional relationships of insomnia symptoms and musculoskeletal pain across adolescence : the mediating role of mood
- 2022
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Ingår i: Pain. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0304-3959 .- 1872-6623. ; 163:2, s. 287-298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have established a bidirectional relationship between sleep and pain, and mood has been proposed as a mediator of this relationship. There are only a limited number of longitudinal studies examining the mediational role of mood, and the directionality of effects between sleep, pain and mood is uncertain. Also, and despite the high prevalence of pain and sleep problems during adolescence, these relationships have rarely been examined in a longitudinal sample of adolescents. Here, longitudinal survey data with five yearly measurements was used to examine the bidirectional relationship between insomnia symptoms and pain across adolescence (Mbaseline age = 13.65 years, Nbaseline = 2766). We also explored if depressed mood, positive affect and anxious mood function as mediators in both directions of the sleep-pain relationship. Utilizing latent variables for insomnia, pain and mood at multiple time-points, the data was analyzed with cross-lagged panel models for longitudinal data with structural equation modeling. Current results confirmed a bidirectional relationship between insomnia symptoms and pain, where the effect of insomnia symptoms on pain was stronger than vice versa. Depressed mood and anxious mood mediated the effect of insomnia symptoms on pain, but not the reverse effect of pain on insomnia symptoms. Positive affect did not serve as a mediator in either direction. These findings add novel insights into the temporal directionality of sleep, pain and mood during adolescence, suggesting a temporal path from sleep to pain, via mood, rather than a reciprocal relationship between the constructs.
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| 7. |
- Arnison, Tor, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Sleep phase and pre-sleep arousal predicted co-developmental trajectories of pain and insomnia within adolescence
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Research. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The onset of both chronic pain and insomnia is high during adolescence. Although a bidirectional relationship between pain and insomnia has support, how pain and sleep co-develop throughout adolescence remains unknown. Sleep–wake patterns, pre-sleep behavior and pre-sleep arousal may influence the co-development of pain and insomnia. Four waves of longitudinal self-report data were used (Nbaseline = 2767, Agebaseline M = 13.65 years, SD = 0.65). Multidimensional growth mixture modeling was used to identify four subgroups of adolescents with different concurrent trajectories of pain and insomnia. The trajectories followed each other across time in all classes: one class of consistently low pain and insomnia (68.7%), one class with persistent high symptoms (4.9%), as well as one class of increasing (13.9%), and one of decreasing (12.5%), trajectories. Later sleep–wake patterns and more pre-sleep cognitive-emotional arousal predicted both increasing and decreasing trajectories of concurrent pain and insomnia. The current study showed that developmental trajectories of pain and insomnia follow each other within adolescents and across adolescence. Both sleep-phase focused interventions as well as psychological interventions that focus on pre-sleep cognitive-emotional arousal may prove beneficial for adolescents with comorbid pain and insomnia.
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| 8. |
- Arnison, Tor, 1984-
(författare)
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Tired of pain or so tired it hurts? Mechanisms and factors influencing the temporal relationship between insomnia and pain in adolescents
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Onset of both chronic pain and insomnia is high during adolescence, a phenomenon believed to be caused by a range of biological, psychological and social factors that are unique or particularly salient during adolescence. Negative mood has been established as a salient mechanism explaining the sleep-pain relationship, but an elaborate understanding of if and how mood mediate the relationship in adolescents is lacking. The current thesis aimed to fill this gap in the literature through three empirical studies that each focused on distinct aspects of the sleep-pain relationship in adolescents. All three studies were based on a prospective dataset, consisting of 2766 adolescents followed across 5 consecutivey early measurement waves.Study I focused on how insomnia and pain longitudinally co-develop during adolescence, finding that they follow each other to a high degree among all adolescents. A late sleep phase and cognitive-emotional presleep arousal predicted steeper rate of change in insomnia and pain. Study II found a bidirectional relationship between insomnia and pain, with the effect of insomnia on pain being significantly stronger than vice versa. Depressed and anxious mood mediated the effect of insomnia on pain, but not vice versa. Study III assessed if the effect of insomnia on pain was mediated by rumination and depressed mood, and if the effect differed between girls and boys. The effect of insomnia on pain was considerably stronger in adolescent girls, compared to boys, and rumination only mediated the effect in girls, while primarily depressed mood mediated the effect in boys.Taken together, these findings have both conceptual and applied implications: the findings add to – and deepen – the understanding of how the relationship between insomnia and pain functions in adolescents. The mechanisms that were identified as mediators, as well as insomnia itself, are also highly modifiable through psychological interventions. Therefore, the findings may inform treatment strategies for adolescents with comorbid insomnia and chronic pain, as well as preventive programs for adolescents at risk for developing insomnia and/or pain.
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| 9. |
- Boersma, Katja, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy for irritable bowel syndrome : A single-case experimental design across 13 subjects
- 2016
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Ingår i: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. - Oxon, United Kingdom : Routledge. - 1650-6073 .- 1651-2316. ; 45:6, s. 415-430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent disorder with a significant impact on quality of life. The presence of psychological symptoms in IBS patients such as catastrophic worry and behavioral avoidance suggests the possible efficacy of cognitive behavioral interventions. Exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has proven to be a promising approach but has only been investigated in a few studies and mainly via the Internet. Therefore, the aims of this study were to extend and replicate previous findings and to evaluate whether an individual, face-to-face, exposure-based CBT leads to improvement in gastrointestinal symptoms, pain catastrophizing, avoidance behavior and quality of life in IBS patients. Thirteen patients with IBS according to Rome III criteria participated in a single-case experimental study using a five-week baseline and a subsequent twelve-session intervention phase focusing on psycho-education, mindfulness and in vivo exposure. Standardized measurement of gastrointestinal symptoms, pain catastrophizing, avoidance behavior and quality of life was conducted weekly during baseline as well as intervention phase and at six-month follow-up. Results showed that over 70% of patients improved significantly on gastrointestinal symptoms, pain catastrophizing, and quality of life. Effects on avoidance behavior were modest. These results strengthen and extend earlier findings and provide further support for the efficacy of exposure-based strategies for IBS.
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| 10. |
- Carstens, Johan K. P., 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of validating communication on recall during a pain-task in healthy participants
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Pain. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 1877-8860 .- 1877-8879. ; 17, s. 118-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Increasing recall of instructions and advice in a pain consultation is important, since it is a prerequisite for adherence to treatment recommendations. However, interference due to pain-related distress may result in poor recall. Whereas there are some indications that recall can be increased by empathic communication that reduces interference, this interesting possibility remains largely untested experimentally. The current experiment aimed at studying effects of empathic communication, and more specifically validation, on recall during a pain test and possible mediators and moderators of this effect.METHOD: Participants received either validating (N=25) or invalidating responses (N=25) from the experimenter during a pain provoking task, followed by self-report measures of interference (affect, situational pain catastrophizing) and recall (accurate and false memories of words).RESULTS: As expected, the validated group exhibited higher accurate recall and less false memories following the pain test as compared to the invalidated group. This was partly due to the effect of interference being counteracted by moderating the relationship between pain catastrophizing and recall.CONCLUSION: These novel results suggest that validating communication can counteract interference due to pain catastrophizing on recall, at least in a controlled experimental setting.IMPLICATIONS: Good communication by health professionals is of utmost importance for adherence to pain management. The current results expand our knowledge on the effects of pain communication by establishing and explaining a clear link between empathic communication and recall, highlighting the role of pain catastrophizing.
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