| 1. |
- Jänicke, Britta, et al.
(författare)
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Towards city-wide, building-resolving analysis of mean radiant temperature
- 2016
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Ingår i: Urban Climate. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-0955. ; 15, s. 83-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents a method to simulate Tmrt building-resolving while considering both micro-scale urban structures and meso-scale atmospheric conditions. We extended the model SOLWEIG, one of the few methods to derive mean radiant temperature (Tmrt) building-resolved and city-wide, to include spatial patterns of meteorological input. Based on a day within an extreme heat event (2003) in Berlin, Germany, we examined the effect of the new method on Tmrt, which uses gridded meteorological input data from a mesoscale weather model, compared to a standard set-up using ungridded data. Results indicted a considerable effect of spatially resolved air temperature (up to 3.2 K) during midnight. Furthermore, we detected high sensitivity of Tmrt to the partitioning of direct and diffuse short-wave radiation. The spatial pattern of Tmrt revealed that at midday the city centre exhibited low values compared to open areas. We conclude that considering meso-scale atmospheric conditions and urban structure for simulating Tmrt city-wide can lead to a more appropriate description of heat-stress hazards and might also be valuable for climate-sensitive urban planning.
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| 2. |
- Senges, Christoph H.R., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of proteomic responses as global approach to antibiotic mechanism of action elucidation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. - 0066-4804 .- 1098-6596. ; 65:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. New antibiotics are urgently needed to address the mounting resistance challenge. In early drug discovery, one of the bottlenecks is the elucidation of targets and mechanisms. To accelerate antibiotic research, we provide a proteomic approach for the rapid classification of compounds into those with precedented and unprecedented modes of action. We established a proteomic response library of Bacillus subtilis covering 91 antibiotics and comparator compounds, and a mathematical approach was developed to aid data analysis. Comparison of proteomic responses (CoPR) allows the rapid identification of antibiotics with dual mechanisms of action as shown for atypical tetracyclines. It also aids in generating hypotheses on mechanisms of action as presented for salvarsan (arsphenamine) and the antirheumatic agent auranofin, which is under consideration for repurposing. Proteomic profiling also provides insights into the impact of antibiotics on bacterial physiology through analysis of marker proteins indicative of the impairment of cellular processes and structures. As demonstrated for trans-translation, a promising target not yet exploited clinically, proteomic profiling supports chemical biology approaches to investigating bacterial physiology.
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| 3. |
- Sobolev, Egor, et al.
(författare)
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Megahertz single-particle imaging at the European XFEL
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Physics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3650. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The emergence of high repetition-rate X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) powered by superconducting accelerator technology enables the measurement of significantly more experimental data per day than was previously possible. The European XFEL is expected to provide 27,000 pulses per second, over two orders of magnitude more than any other XFEL. The increased pulse rate is a key enabling factor for single-particle X-ray diffractive imaging, which relies on averaging the weak diffraction signal from single biological particles. Taking full advantage of this new capability requires that all experimental steps, from sample preparation and delivery to the acquisition of diffraction patterns, are compatible with the increased pulse repetition rate. Here, we show that single-particle imaging can be performed using X-ray pulses at megahertz repetition rates. The results obtained pave the way towards exploiting high repetition-rate X-ray free-electron lasers for single-particle imaging at their full repetition rate.
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| 4. |
- Wiedorn, Max O., et al.
(författare)
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Megahertz serial crystallography
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The new European X-ray Free-Electron Laser is the first X-ray free-electron laser capable of delivering X-ray pulses with a megahertz inter-pulse spacing, more than four orders of magnitude higher than previously possible. However, to date, it has been unclear whether it would indeed be possible to measure high-quality diffraction data at megahertz pulse repetition rates. Here, we show that high-quality structures can indeed be obtained using currently available operating conditions at the European XFEL. We present two complete data sets, one from the well-known model system lysozyme and the other from a so far unknown complex of a beta-lactamase from K. pneumoniae involved in antibiotic resistance. This result opens up megahertz serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) as a tool for reliable structure determination, substrate screening and the efficient measurement of the evolution and dynamics of molecular structures using megahertz repetition rate pulses available at this new class of X-ray laser source.
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