| 1. |
- Akram, Nadeem, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Imaging of ion transmission through glass capillaries
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We present a technique which is successfully used to directly observe the charge patches formed on a single glass capillary walls. This is done by imaging the emitted visible photons emitted from 4.5 keV Ar1+-ions -interaction with the inner capillary walls, using a high resolution digital camera. Simultaneously, the ions transmitted through the capillary are detected. The number of emitted photons decreases with the increase in the tilt angle of the capillary. The time evolution of emitted photons has revealed that the charge patches formed by charging-up the capillary walls change their location during ion transmission.
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| 2. |
- Akram, Nadeem, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Transmission of highly charged ions through phlogopite-mica nanocapillaries of rectangular cross-section
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics B. - 0953-4075 .- 1361-6455.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We measured the transmission of Ne7+ ions through nanocapillaries of rectangular cross-section produced by chemical etching of ion tracks in phlogopite mica. The two dimensional transmitted profiles are rhombic for tilt angles within the geometrical opening angle given by the aspect ratio of the short side of the rectangular cross section of the capillaries. The transmission depends on the incident charge indicating that the rhombic shape is due to the image charge of uncharged rectangular capillaries. Above a critical charge deposition, the rhombic shape tends to be smeared out. Ions are also transmitted at angles larger than the geometrical opening angle giving evidence for the guiding effect.
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| 3. |
- Akram, Nadeem, 1980-
(författare)
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Transmission of slow highly charged ions through nano-structures
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is based on experimental investigations of transmitting slow highly charged ions through nano-structures of various cross-sections. Transmission through rhombic and rectangular nanocapillaries in muscovite and phlogopite mica, respectively, is used to study the guiding and shaping of highly charged ion beams. The two-dimensional angular distributions of the transmitted ions reveal that slow highly charged ion beams are tailored into rectangular and rhombic shapes after passing through the capillaries of rhombic and rectangular cross-sections, respectively. These transmission profiles are maintained for tilt angles within the geometrical opening angle of the capillaries. The ‘incident charge-dependent’ time evolution of the transmission profiles indicates that the tailored shape comes from the image force experienced by the traversing ions and the deposited charge by the incident ions moves the transmission profiles towards higher observation angles with respect to the beam direction. Transmission is also observed for tilt angles larger than the geometrical opening of the capillaries and evidence of charging-up of capillary walls was seen. Other incident charge-dependent features including the increase in angular width and shift of transmitted angular distributions were also observed. Starting from initially charged capillaries, it was found that the deposited charge must be distributed uniformly along the capillary walls to maintain the tailored rhombic shape through rectangular capillaries. In this thesis, a technique is presented which is successfully employed to investigate directly the formation of charge patches on the walls of a glass capillary by imaging the visible photons emitted due to impact of ions on the walls. These tapered glass capillaries were applied in biological studies of cell damage by ion impact and the technique provides a new way to directly observe the development of ion-guiding in these capillaries. With the help of this technique the mechanism of ion-guiding can be controlled and optimized. We also review the transmission characteristics of slow highly charged ions through nanometer thick foils and present the results of transmission of slow highly charged ions through ultra-thin carbon nano-sheets of molecular layer thickness. The observed energy loss is smaller than the calculated one using SRIM and agrees rather well with the Firsov model. The transmitted ions also keep their initial charge state up to 98% in a complete contradiction to the electron capture rate predicted by the classical over-the-barrier model. The results suggest that the energy loss of slow highly charged ions in such thin sheets is due to the electronic excitations, without charge exchange inside the target.
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| 4. |
- Akram, Nadeem, et al.
(författare)
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Transmission of slow highly charged ions through rectangular nanocapillaries
- 2014
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Ingår i: XXVIII International Conference on Photonic, Electronic and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC 2013). - : Institute of Physics (IOP).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transmission of slow highly charged ions through rectangular nanocapillaries in phlogopite mica is studied. The transmission profiles have rhombic pattern at tilt angles within the geometrical opening angle of the capillaries. The time evolution of ion transmission reveals certain features contributing to the tailored transmission profiles.
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| 5. |
- Akram, Nadeem, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Transmission of slow highly charged ions through ultra-thin carbon nano-sheets
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 3<sup>rd</sup> Int. Conf. on “Current developments in Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Nano Physics”.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transmission properties of slow highly charged ions through nanometer thick foils are discussed. We also report on the measurement of the energy loss and the charge states of 46.2 keV Ne10+-ions and 11.7 keV Ne3+-ions transmitted through ultra-thin carbon nano-sheets. The sheets had a thickness of 1.2 nm (single molecular layer) and 3.6 nm (three molecular layers). The measured energy loss of the transmitted ions is considerably smaller than the calculated energy loss by SRIM but it is in agreement with energy loss calculated using the Firsov model. The majority of the transmitted ions retain their initial charge state (up to 98%) contrary to prediction by the classical over-the-barrier model. The results suggest that the energy loss of slow highly charged ions in such thin sheets is only due to the electronic excitations, without charge exchange inside the target.
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| 6. |
- Ali, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring the nonlinear optical properties of indium tin oxide thin film using femtosecond laser pulses
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of the Optical Society of America. B, Optical physics. - 0740-3224 .- 1520-8540. ; 37:11, s. A139-A146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated the nonlinear optical properties of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film coated on soda-lime glass substrate using the z-scan technique. With 100 fs laser pulses, the nonlinear absorption coefficient and nonlinear refractive index are measured at different excitation wavelengths and at different incident intensities. The nonlinear optical absorption shows a competition between saturable absorption and reverse saturable absorption at the different excitation wavelengths and incident intensities. A transition from saturable to reverse saturable absorption was observed with increasing excitation wavelengths. The measured nonlinear refractive index was found to be dependent on wavelength with a maximum value of 5.34 x 10(-12) cm(2)/W at wavelength of 900 nm.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Ali, Safdar, 1982-
(författare)
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Electron - Ion Recombination Data for Plasma Applications : Results from Electron Beam Ion Trap and Ion Storage Ring
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis contains results of electron-ion recombination processes in atomic ions relevant for plasma applications. The measurements were performed at the Stockholm Refrigerated Electron Beam Ion Trap (R-EBIT) and at the CRYRING heavy-ion storage ring. Dielectronic recombination (DR) cross sections, resonant strengths, rate coefficients and energy peak positions in H-like and He-like S are obtained for the first time from the EBIT measurements. Furthermore, the experimentally obtained DR resonant strengths are used to check the behaviour of a scaling formula for low Z, H-and He-like iso-electronic sequences and to update the fitting parameters. KLL DR peak positions for initially He- to B-like Ar ions are obtained experimentally from the EBIT measurements. Both the results from highly charged sulfur and argon are compared with the calculations performed with a distorted wave approximation.Absolute recombination rate coefficients of B-like C, B-like Ne and Be-like F ions are obtained for the first time with high energy resolution from storage ring measurements. The experimental results are compared with the intermediate coupling AUTOSTRUCTURE calculations. Plasma rate coefficients of each of these ions are obtained by convoluting the energy dependent recombination spectra with a Maxwell-Boltzmann energy distribution in the temperature range of 103-106 K. The resulting plasma rate coefficients are presented and compared with the calculated data available in literature.
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| 9. |
- Ali, Safdar, et al.
(författare)
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Electron-ion recombination of H- and He-like sulfur
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics B. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-4075 .- 1361-6455. ; 44:22, s. 225203-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electron-ion recombination of sulfur ions with electrons in the energy range of 1.6-3 keV was studied at the Stockholm Refrigerated Electron Beam Ion Trap. We obtained the KLn dielectronic recombination (DR) cross sections up to n = 5 for H-like and He-like sulfur ions by observing the x-rays from the trapped ions. A fully relativistic distorted wave approximation method was used for calculating the DR cross sections, while the resonance energies were obtained with a multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock approach using the GRASP II code. The calculations agree with the experimental results within the experimental error bars. Additionally, the obtained total DR resonance strengths were used to check the behaviour of a scaling formula for low-Z, He-like iso-electronic sequence (Watanabe et al 2001 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 34 5095).
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| 10. |
- Ali, Safdar, et al.
(författare)
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Electron-ion recombination rate coefficients for C II forming C I
- 2012
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 753:2, s. 132-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have determined absolute dielectronic recombination rate coefficients for C II, using the CRYRING heavy-ions storage ring. The resonances due to 2s-2p (∆n = 0) core excitations are detected in the center-of-mass energy range of 0-15 eV. The experimental results are compared with intermediate coupling AUTOSTRUCTURE calculations. Plasma rate coefficients are obtained from the DR spectrum by convoluting it with a Maxwell-Boltzmann energy distribution for temperatures in the range of 103-106 K. The derived temperature dependent plasma recombination rate coefficients are presented graphically to compare with the theoretical data available in literature and parameterized by using a fit formula for convenient use in plasma modelling codes. In the temperature range of 103-2×104 K, our experimental results show that previous calculations severely underestimate the plasma rate coefficients and also our AUTOSTRUCTURE calculation does not reproduce the experimental plasma rate coefficients well. Above 2×104 K the agreement between the experimental and theoretical rate coefficients is much better, and the deviations are smaller than the estimated uncertainties.
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