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- Appeltans, W., et al.
(författare)
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The Magnitude of Global Marine Species Diversity
- 2012
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 22:23, s. 2189-2202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The question of how many marine species exist is important because it provides a metric for how much we do and do not know about life in the oceans. We have compiled the first register of the marine species of the world and used this baseline to estimate how many more species, partitioned among all major eukaryotic groups, may be discovered. Results: There are similar to 226,000 eukaryotic marine species described. More species were described in the past decade (similar to 20,000) than in any previous one. The number of authors describing new species has been increasing at a faster rate than the number of new species described in the past six decades. We report that there are similar to 170,000 synonyms, that 58,000-72,000 species are collected but not yet described, and that 482,000-741,000 more species have yet to be sampled. Molecular methods may add tens of thousands of cryptic species. Thus, there may be 0.7-1.0 million marine species. Past rates of description of new species indicate there may be 0.5 +/- 0.2 million marine species. On average 37% (median 31%) of species in over 100 recent field studies around the world might be new to science. Conclusions: Currently, between one-third and two-thirds of marine species may be undescribed, and previous estimates of there being well over one million marine species appear highly unlikely. More species than ever before are being described annually by an increasing number of authors. If the current trend continues, most species will be discovered this century.
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| 3. |
- Kahle, J., et al.
(författare)
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Anti-factor VIII antibodies in brothers with haemophilia A share similar characteristics
- 2017
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Ingår i: Haemophilia. - : Wiley. - 1351-8216. ; 23:2, s. 292-299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The development of neutralizing antibodies (inhibitors) against coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) is currently the most serious complication for patients with haemophilia A undergoing FVIII replacement therapy. Several genetic factors have been acknowledged as risk factors for inhibitor development. Aim: To analyze the influence of genetic factors on the nature of the humoral immune response to FVIII in eight brother pairs with inhibitors. Methods: The domain specificity of FVIII-specific IgG was analysed by antibody binding to FVIII fragments and homologue-scanning mutagenesis (HSM). The FVIII-specific IgG subclasses were measured by direct ELISA. Results: Of the 16 patient analysed with both methods, 12 had A2- and 13 had C2-specific IgG. The presence of A1-, A3- or C1-specific IgG was identified in nine of 14 patients analysed by HSM. IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4 subclasses contributed to the anti-FVIII IgG response, and the amount of FVIII-specific IgG1 (r = 0.66) and IgG4 (r = 0.69) correlated significantly with inhibitor titres. Patients with high concentrations of total anti-FVIII IgG (r = 0.69) or high inhibitor titres (r = 0.52) had a high proportion of FVIII-specific IgG4. Statistical analysis revealed trends/evidence that the subclass distribution (P = 0.0847) and domain specificity to HC/LC (P = 0.0883) and A2/C2 (P = 0.0011) of anti-FVIII IgG were more similar in brothers compared to unrelated subjects. Conclusion: Overall, our data provide a first hint that anti-FVIII IgG characteristics are comparable among haemophilic brothers with inhibitors. Whether genetic factors also influence the nature of patients' antibodies needs to be confirmed in a larger study population.
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| 4. |
- Crook, S. M., et al.
(författare)
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Creating, documenting and sharing network models
- 2012
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Ingår i: Network. - 0954-898X .- 1361-6536. ; 23:4, s. 131-149
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- As computational neuroscience matures, many simulation environments are available that are useful for neuronal network modeling. However, methods for successfully documenting models for publication and for exchanging models and model components among these projects are still under development. Here we briefly review existing software and applications for network model creation, documentation and exchange. Then we discuss a few of the larger issues facing the field of computational neuroscience regarding network modeling and suggest solutions to some of these problems, concentrating in particular on standardized network model terminology, notation, and descriptions and explicit documentation of model scaling. We hope this will enable and encourage computational neuroscientists to share their models more systematically in the future.
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