| 1. |
- Geist, Juergen, et al.
(författare)
-
Captive breeding of European freshwater mussels as a conservation tool : A review
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Aquatic conservation. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1052-7613 .- 1099-0755. ; 33:11, s. 1321-1359
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Freshwater mussels are declining throughout their range. Their important ecological functions along with insufficient levels of natural recruitment have prompted captive breeding for population augmentation and questions about the usefulness and applicability of such measures. This article reviews the current state of captive breeding and rearing programmes for freshwater mussels in Europe. It considers the various species, strategies, and techniques of propagation, as well as the different levels of effort required according to rearing method, highlighting the key factors of success. Within the last 30 years, 46 breeding activities in 16 European countries have been reported, mainly of Margaritifera margaritifera and Unio crassus. Some facilities propagate species that are in a very critical situation, such as Pseudunio auricularius, Unio mancus, and Unio ravoisieri, or multiple species concurrently. In some streams, the number of released captive-bred mussels already exceeds the size of the remaining natural population. Rearing efforts range from highly intensive laboratory incubation to lower intensity methods using in-river mussel cages or silos. Most breeding efforts are funded by national and EU LIFE(+) grants, are well documented, and consider the genetic integrity of the propagated mussels. Limited long-term funding perspectives, the availability of experienced staff, water quality, and feeding/survival during early life stages are seen as the most important challenges. Successful captive breeding programmes need to be combined with restoration of the habitats into which the mussels are released. This work will benefit from an evidence-based approach, knowledge exchange among facilities, and an overall breeding strategy comprising multiple countries and conservation units.
|
|
| 2. |
- Reissner, Volker, et al.
(författare)
-
Burnout, Coping and Job Satisfaction in Service Staff Treating Opioid Addicts-from Athens to Zurich
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Stress and Health. - : Wiley. - 1532-3005 .- 1532-2998. ; 26:2, s. 149-159
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Treatment-systems Research on European Addiction Treatment study (TREAT-project) is a longitudinal multicenter study on predominantly opioid-dependent patients and their health-care system in six European cities. As part of the examination of the drug services, this study evaluates level of burnout, coping strategies, perceived self-efficacy and job satisfaction among health-care workers treating opioid addicts. Employees were recruited from organizations in Athens, London, Padua, Stockholm, Zurich and Essen. The Maslach burnout inventory, Brief COPE, general self-efficacy questionnaire and a job satisfaction scale were filled in by about 383 drug service workers. One-third of the staff suffer from severe burnout. London and Stockholm colleagues are significantly more burdened than Zurich personnel where job satisfaction is highest. No cross-national differences could be detected concerning coping styles or level of perceived self-efficacy. Burnout is positively correlated to passive coping strategies and negatively linked to self-efficacy and job satisfaction. Males experience more depersonalization. Organizational features such as the entry-threshold level of the institution or out- vs. inpatient setting are relevant for coping strategies and job satisfaction. These and other findings are discussed in relation to preliminary data from the TREAT-project on characteristics of opioid addicted patients and other specific features of the drug treatment system.
|
|
