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- Paquet-Durand, F., et al.
(författare)
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Systemic and intraocular administration of the liposomal formulation of the cyclic GMP analogue CN03 : An exploratory safety and tolerability study in non-human primates
- 2019
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Ingår i: Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. - : ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC. - 0146-0404 .- 1552-5783. ; 60:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose : The cGMP analogue CN03 targets cGMP signalling, a disease driver common to different types of retinal degeneration. For efficient targeting to the neuroretina CN03 was combined with a liposomal (LP) drug delivery system. In rodents, LP-CN03 has shown significant photoreceptor protection and preservation of in vivo retinal function, without major adverse events. The objective of the study was to determine the toxicity of CN03 and LP-CN03, following intravitreal (IVT) or intravenous (IV) administration. IVT administration is the intended human therapeutic route, IV injection was tested to investigate systemic toxicity.Methods : Cynomolgus monkeys were assigned to five different groups, consisting of one male and one female (n=2). Group 1 served as saline control for IVT and IV dosing, group 2 served as liposome (LP) control. Groups 3 and 4 received IVT injections of either 1X or 10X of the intended therapeutic dose, of either LP-CN03 (left eye) or CN03 (right). Group 5 received 100X IV bolus injections of LP-CN03 (Day 1) and CN03 (Day 25). Toxicity was assessed based on clinical observations, body weights, ophthalmology, intraocular pressure (IOP), electroretinography (ERG), and clinical and anatomic pathology.Results : IVT administration of LP caused transient white opacity in the vitreous body of all treated eyes, related to the milky consistency of LP. IVT injection of 1X and 10X CN03 was well-tolerated and only showed temporary pupil dilation in one male. IVT injection of 1X and 10X LP-CN03 was additionally associated with particles in the anterior chamber and vitreous body. At 10X, pigmented dots were also noted in the anterior lens capsule. IV injection of 100X LP-CN03 and CN03 was well tolerated and did not cause systemic toxicity. Comparison of pre- and post-dosing ERG did not reveal significant differences (p>0.05) in any of the groups, nor were there any indications of pathological changes in retinal morphology.Conclusions : IVT injection of CN03 and LP-CN03 at the intended therapeutic dose was not associated with any changes in ophthalmoscopy, electroretinography or histopathology, and only revealed slight pupil dilation in one animal. IV slow bolus injection at 100X the intended therapeutic dose was well tolerated.
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| 3. |
- Mabecua, F., et al.
(författare)
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Barriers to successful implementation of small-scale biogas technology in Southern Africa : What can be learned from past initiatives in Mozambique?
- 2024
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Ingår i: Energy Proceedings. - : Scanditale AB.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines common barriers limiting the implementation of small-scale biogas systems in rural Southern Africa through a literature study and a case study of six small-scale biogas digesters installed in Maputo province in Mozambique. The study strives to understand why the implementation rate of small-scale biogas systems in rural Southern Africa is so limited despite favourable conditions. The literature study identified several common barriers to the successful implementation of small-scale biogas in rural Southern Africa related to financial, technical, socio-cultural, and institutional issues. The case study results show that only one digester was operational, and five failed and were abandoned. Low technical ability of constructors results in poor-quality installations. Lack of technological know-how and local capacity for operation and maintenance of digesters are primary reasons for the failure of the digesters. Possible solutions are to intensify research, demonstration, dissemination and application of small-scale biogas; adapt the design of biogas digesters to the local context, meeting the needs of users and using locally available materials; sharing knowledge and information about small-scale biogas technology and its potential would contribute to improving the rate of successful implementation in Southern Africa. © 2024, Scanditale AB. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Schwede, Donna B., et al.
(författare)
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Modeling nitrogen deposition in global forests
- 2023
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition to Global Forests. - 9780323911405 ; , s. 39-55
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Understanding the spatial patterns and temporal dynamics of nitrogen (N) deposition is a prerequisite to evaluate its ecological impacts on global forests that cover nearly one third of the land area and provide fundamental ecosystem services. Although regional monitoring networks together with independent and short-term studies have provided important insights into the characteristics of N deposition in regional forests, the assessments and mapping of rates, components and seasonality of N deposition have rarely been conducted for global forests. This chapter summarizes the approaches in modeling N deposition to forests, reviews the modeling studies of N deposition to regional and global forested areas, and presents modeling estimates of N deposition for base year 2015 across global forests using the Meteorological Synthesizing Center—West of the European Monitoring and Evaluation Program (EMEP MSC-W) model. Particularly, modeling results are presented to show the seasonality of N deposition on global forests.
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| 5. |
- Schwede, Donna B., et al.
(författare)
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Spatial variation of modelled total, dry and wet nitrogen deposition to forests at global scale
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 243:Dec., s. 1287-1301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 Forests are an important biome that covers about one third of the global land surface and provides important ecosystem services. Since atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) can have both beneficial and deleterious effects, it is important to quantify the amount of N deposition to forest ecosystems. Measurements of N deposition to the numerous forest biomes across the globe are scarce, so chemical transport models are often used to provide estimates of atmospheric N inputs to these ecosystems. We provide an overview of approaches used to calculate N deposition in commonly used chemical transport models. The Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (HTAP2) study intercompared N deposition values from a number of global chemical transport models. Using a multi-model mean calculated from the HTAP2 deposition values, we map N deposition to global forests to examine spatial variations in total, dry and wet deposition. Highest total N deposition occurs in eastern and southern China, Japan, Eastern U.S. and Europe while the highest dry deposition occurs in tropical forests. The European Monitoring and Evaluation Program (EMEP) model predicts grid-average deposition, but also produces deposition by land use type allowing us to compare deposition specifically to forests with the grid-average value. We found that, for this study, differences between the grid-average and forest specific could be as much as a factor of two and up to more than a factor of five in extreme cases. This suggests that consideration should be given to using forest-specific deposition for input to ecosystem assessments such as critical loads determinations. Estimates of nitrogen deposition to global forests by global models may be a factor of 2 or more higher if the forest-specific deposition is used, compared to the grid cell average value and is on average 12% higher for all global forests.
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