| 1. |
- Ekström, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary intake and plasma concentrations of PUFAs in childhood and adolescence in relation to asthma and lung function up to adulthood
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 115:3, s. 886-896
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: PUFAs may influence the risk of asthma; however, long-term prospective studies including objective biomarkers of PUFA intake are lacking.Objectives The objective was to investigate the role of dietary intake and plasma concentrations of n–3 and n–6 (ω-3 and ω-6) PUFAs in childhood and adolescence for the development of asthma and lung function up to young adulthood.Methods: The study included participants from the Swedish prospective birth cohort BAMSE. Dietary intake of PUFAs was calculated from FFQs (n = 1992) and plasma proportions of PUFAs were measured in phospholipids (n = 831). We analyzed the n–3 PUFA α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n–3); the sum of very-long-chain (VLC) n–3 PUFAs: EPA (20:5n–3), DHA (22:6n–3), and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n–3); and the n–6 PUFAs linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n–6) and arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n–6). Asthma was assessed by questionnaires at 8, 16, and 24 y and lung function was measured by spirometry at 24 y.Results: A high (≥median) self-reported dietary intake of LA at 8 y and AA at 16 y was associated with increased risk of prevalent asthma at 24 y (OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.82 and OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.70, respectively). In contrast, plasma proportions of ALA, ∑VLC n–3 PUFAs, and AA at 8 y, as well as LA at 16 y, were inversely associated with prevalent asthma at 24 y (e.g., OR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.81 for ∑VLC n–3 PUFAs). No consistent associations were observed with lung function.Conclusions: High dietary intake of certain n–6 PUFAs in childhood or adolescence may be associated with increased risk of asthma up to young adulthood, whereas dietary biomarkers of certain n–3 and n–6 PUFAs in plasma may be associated with decreased risk. Thus, the role of diet compared with altered metabolism of PUFAs needs further investigation to improve dietary preventive strategies for asthma.
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| 2. |
- Sdona, Emmanouela, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary antioxidant intake in school age and lung function development up to adolescence
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 55:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dietary antioxidant intake has been hypothesised to influence lung function. The association between total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the diet at age 8 years and lung function development up to 16 years in 2307 participants from the Swedish population-based birth cohort BAMSE (Children, Allergy, Milieu, Stockholm, Epidemiology) was investigated. Information on TAC was obtained from a food frequency questionnaire at 8 years. Lung function was measured by spirometry at 8 and 16 years, impulse oscillometry (IOS) and exhaled nitric oxide fraction (F-eNO) at 16 years. Low lung function was defined as forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) z-score below the 25th percentile. Longitudinal associations between TAC and lung function were analysed by mixed effect models adjusted for potential confounders. Stratification by asthma at 8 years was performed to examine effect modification. The median TAC intake was 10 067 mu mol Trolox equivalents (TE).g(-1), with males having a lower mean compared to females (9963 versus 10819 mu mol TE.g(-1)). In analyses of lung function change between 8 and 16 years, there were no statistically significant associations between TAC in tertiles and spirometry results for the total study population. Among children with asthma at 8 years (prevalence 7%), higher TAC was associated with higher mean FEV1 (0.46 SD, 95% CI 0.11-0.80) and decreased odds of low lung function at 16 years (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.12-0.65). There were no associations between TAC and forced vital capacity or IOS/F-eNO results. High dietary antioxidant intake in school age may be associated with improved lung function development from school age to adolescence among children with asthma.
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| 3. |
- Sdona, Emmanouela, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary fibre in relation to asthma, allergic rhinitis and sensitization from childhood up to adulthood
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical and Translational Allergy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7022. ; 12:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Dietary fibre may reduce the risk of allergy. Our aim was to investigate the association between fibre intake in childhood, asthma, allergic rhinitis and IgE sensitization up to adulthood.Methods: The individual fibre intake of 2285 participants from the Swedish population-based birth cohort BAMSE was estimated between 98- and 107-item food frequency questionnaires at ages 8 and 16 years, respectively. At 8, 16 and 24 years, asthma and allergic rhinitis symptoms were assessed by questionnaires, and sensitization to common allergens by serum IgE. Longitudinal associations were analysed by generalized estimating equations, adjusting for potential confounders.Results: An inverse overall association was indicated between fibre intake at 8 years and allergic rhinitis symptoms up to 24 years (OR per 5 g/d 0.86; 95% CI 0.77-0.96), particularly in combination with airborne (0.74; 0.62-0.89) and food (0.69; 0.54-0.88) allergen sensitization. Higher fibre intake was also associated with specific allergen sensitization, for example, birch (0.77; 0.67-0.88) and soy (0.68; 0.53-0.87). No association was observed with asthma. Regarding sources, fruit (0.79; 0.67-0.94) and other (potatoes, chips/popcorn, legumes, and nuts, 0.71; 0.50-0.99), but not cereal or vegetable fibre were associated with allergic rhinitis. In additional analyses, including long-term fibre intake at 8 and 16 years, excluding participants with food-related allergic symptoms to examine reverse causation, as well as adjusting for antioxidant intake, associations were attenuated and became non-significant.Conclusion: Higher fibre intake in mid-childhood may be inversely associated with allergic rhinitis and sensitization to specific allergens up to adulthood. However, avoidance of food triggers of allergic symptoms in allergic rhinitis patients may contribute to the protective associations.
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| 4. |
- Sdona, Emmanouela, et al.
(författare)
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Fruit, vegetable and dietary antioxidant intake in school age, respiratory health up to young adulthood.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 52:1, s. 104-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Dietary antioxidants may protect the lung against oxidative damage and prevent chronic respiratory disease. We aimed to investigate fruit, vegetable and antioxidant intake (measured as total antioxidant capacity, TAC) at age 8 years in relation to asthma and lung function up to 24 years.METHODS: In this study of 2506 participants from a Swedish birth cohort, diet was assessed using food frequency questionnaires. Information on asthma was collected by questionnaires, and lung function was measured by spirometry at ages 8, 16 and 24 years. Generalized estimating equations and mixed effect models were used to assess overall, age- and sex-specific associations.RESULTS: After adjustment for confounders, a higher fruit intake at age 8 years was associated with a tendency to reduced odds of prevalent asthma (T3 vs. T1, OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.60-1.01, p-trend .083), with reduced odds of incident asthma and increased odds of remittent asthma (≥median, OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.58-0.99 and OR 1.60; 95% CI 1.05-2.42, respectively) up to 24 years. Comparable, but non-significant, odds ratios were observed in analyses of long-term fruit intake (mean intake at ages 8 and 16 years). In contrast, no association was observed with vegetable intake. A higher dietary TAC (T3 vs. T1) at 8 years was associated with reduced odds of prevalent asthma (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.58-0.93, p-trend .010) and improved lung function development (FEV1 -z +0.11; 95% CI 0.01-0.21, p-trend .036 and FVC-z +0.09; 95% CI -0.01-0.20, p-trend .072) up to 24 years. Associations were more pronounced among males, and regarding asthma, participants sensitized to aeroallergens.CONCLUSIONS: Antioxidant intake in school age may improve asthma and lung function up to young adulthood. Although our results should be interpreted with caution, they emphasize the importance of following current dietary guidelines regarding consumption of antioxidant-rich foods as part of a balanced diet.
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