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- Alaghmandfard, A., et al.
(författare)
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Recent advances in the modification of carbon-based quantum dots for biomedical applications
- 2021
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Ingår i: Materials science & engineering. C, biomimetic materials, sensors and systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-4931 .- 1873-0191. ; 120
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon-based quantum dots (CDs) are mainly divided into two sub-groups; carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs), which exhibit outstanding photoluminescence (PL) properties, low toxicity, superior biocompatibility and facile functionalization. Regarding these features, they have been promising candidates for biomedical science and engineering applications. In this work, we reviewed the efforts made to modify these zero-dimensional nano-materials to obtain the best properties for bio-imaging, drug and gene delivery, cancer therapy, and bio-sensor applications. Five main surface modification techniques with outstanding results are investigated, including doping, surface functionalization, polymer capping, nano-composite and core-shell structures, and the drawbacks and challenges in each of these methods are discussed.
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- Lal, Sreeyuth, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of Water Uptake in Porous Asphalt Concrete Using Neutron Radiography
- 2014
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Ingår i: Transport in Porous Media. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0169-3913 .- 1573-1634. ; 105:2, s. 431-450
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Porous asphalt (PA), a highly porous hydrophobic composite material, is subjected to water uptake and the process is documented with neutron radiography (NR). While the un-aged laboratory-prepared PA specimens do not show any water uptake, we observe uptake in aged PA even though the bitumen binder is a hydrophobic material. The moisture content distribution plots derived from the NR images clearly identify regions in the aged specimens where water uptake is active. Two-dimensional degree of saturation (DoS) distribution images, which are obtained by combining micro-computer tomography and NR images, identify those pores where saturated flow is certainly active. However, to clearly distinguish between saturated and unsaturated flows in the remaining wet pores, the DoS distribution images are read together with the three-dimensional PA microstructure obtained by micro-CT. It is observed that uptake begins mainly as unsaturated film/corner flow at large well-defined pores. As this uptaken water travels further into the material, the flow transforms into a combination of saturated flow and unsaturated film/corner flow. Saturated flow is seen to be mostly active in the small pores within the mastic. From the observed succession of unsaturated and saturated flows in an aged PA specimen, it can be concluded that years of environmental and mechanical loading has resulted in the stripping of binder from the aggregate surfaces and has consequently exposed patches of hydrophilic aggregate to water, which enables the capillary uptake of water. We also simulate an absolute permeability experiment and observe that relatively less tortuous and more connected paths play an important role in determining the preferential path of the uptaken water.
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