| 1. |
- Andersson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Vehicle Powertrain Test Bench Co-Simulation with a Moving Base Simulator Using a Pedal Robot
- 2013
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Ingår i: SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Electronic and Electrical Systems. - : SAE International. - 1946-4614 .- 1946-4622. ; 6:1, s. 169-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To evaluate driver perception of a vehicle powertrain a moving base simulator is a well-established technique. We are connecting the moving base simulator Sim III, at the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute with a newly built chassis dynamometer at Vehicular Systems, Linköping University.The purpose of the effort is to enhance fidelity of moving base simulators by letting drivers experience an actual powertrain. At the same time technicians are given a new tool for evaluating powertrain solutions in a controlled environment.As a first step the vehicle model from the chassis dynamometer system has been implemented in Sim III. Interfacing software was developed and an optical fiber covering the physical distance of 500 m between the facilities is used to connect the systems. Further, a pedal robot has been developed that uses two linear actuators pressing the accelerator and brake pedals. The pedal robot uses feedback loops on accelerator position or brake cylinder pressure and is controlled via an UDP interface.Results from running the complete setup showed expected functionality and we are successful in performing a driving mission based on real road topography data. Vehicle acceleration and general driving feel was perceived as realistic by the test subjects while braking still needs improvements. The pedal robot construction enables use of a large set of cars available on the market and except for mounting the brake pressure sensor the time to switch vehicle is approximately 30 minutes.
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| 2. |
- Anund, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Placement and design of milled rumble strips on centre line and shoulder : A driving simulator study
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A driving simulator experiment was carried out in order to investigate the effects on fatigued drivers of rumble strips on narrow roads (<9 meters) onboth shoulder and centre lines. The driving simulator was an advanced moving base passenger car simulator (VTI´s third generation moving base driving simulator). Four different physical designs of milled rumble strips and two placements on shoulder were used in the experiment. Both driving behaviour (e.g. lateral position, speed, steering wheel angle) and physiological data (brain activity (EEG), eye activity (EOG) and muscle activity (EMG)) were recorded. The drivers were also asked to rate their level of sleepiness every 5 minutes during the drive. They were trained to use the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS). Data from 40 regular shift workers driving during morning hours after a full night shift were used in the analysis. The shift workers were equally distributed by gender and recruited by advertisement in the newspaper. They were paid 150 Euro for participating. The experiment was approved by an ethical committee. The experiment was carried out in two parts: the first part aimed to investigate primary effects of rumble strips, i.e. preventing an accident; the second part aimed to obtain the drivers' conscious preferences in terms of placement and design. It was concluded that despite rumble strip design and placement, rumble strips had clear alerting effects and consistently induced correct averting action. Based on the drivers' preference and the results, there seems to be no risk associated with using more aggressive rumble strips such as Swedish or Pennsylvania. Regarding the placement, there seem to be no differences and it is important to obtain the opinions of truck and bus drivers before it is possible to make a recommendation.
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| 3. |
- Bolling, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Improving the realism in the VTI driving simulators : Shake final report
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Väg- och transportforskningsinstitutet (VTI) har tre avancerade körsimulatorer med rörelsesystem. Syftet med detta projekt var att utveckla och implementera nya modeller för grafik, vibrationer och buller, allt i syfte att öka realismen för föraren i simulatorn. Vidare skulle en valideringsstudie genomföras. Inom ramen för projektet uppnåddes följande:Utveckling av ett nytt grafiskt programpaket•Förbättring av modellerna för vibrationer på grund av däck/väg•Förbättring av rörelsesystemet genom förskjutning av rotationscentrum•Förbättring av modulen för buller, genom återskapande av däck- och vägbuller.•Synkronisering mellan vägytans grafiska presentation, buller och vibrationer .Modellernas validitet testades i VTI:s simulator III. Statistisk testning av skillnader mellan verklig bil och simulator indikerade absolut validitet för subjektiva bedömningar av vägytans jämnhet och tysthet och för det objektiva måttet hastighet, med undantag av områden där hastighetsgränsen ändrades. I dessa områden erhölls endast relativ validitet eftersom både accelerationer och retardationer var snabbare i simulatorn än i verklig bil. Relativ validitet indikerades också för det subjektiva måttet generell komfort. Resultaten från de olika valideringarna visar att förbättringarna har varit framgångsrika och föraren i simulatorn kan nu se, höra och känna ojämnheter i vägbanan exakt när hjulen träffar dessa. Fortfarande återstår dock många möjligheter till ytterligare förbättringar i simulatormodellerna.
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| 4. |
- Bolling, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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SHAKE - an approach for realistic simulation of rough roads in a moving base driving simulator
- 2010
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Ingår i: Trends in driving simulation design and experiments. - Arcueil : Institut national de recherche sur les transports et leur securite, INRETS. - 9782857826859 ; , s. 135-143
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With today’s advanced measurement equipment for measuring roads, it is possible to measure road geometry at high precision within a large span of wavelengths. Detailed information about the roads longitudinal and lateral profile, including macro texture, would in theory be sufficient for a realistic reproduction of road induced vibration and noise in a driving simulator. Especially, it would be possible to create a direct connection between the visual information of the road condition and the ride experience, which would increase the level of realism in the simulation. VTI has during three years performed an internal project called SHAKE with the aim to develop and implement models in VTI driving simulator III that use measured road data for generating realistic vibrations and audible road noise connected to the visual impression presented on the projection screen. This has indeed resulted in an more realistic driving experience, and a validation study with test persons driving both in the simulator and in the field has been undertaken. The OpenDRIVE standard is used as a framework for describing the road properties (e.g. visual, vibrations and noise). For this purpose some augumentations to the OpenDRIVE standard had to be made. This paper describes the technical implementations in the driving simulator, along with results from test drives on the implemented road sections
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| 5. |
- Dela, Nicolas, et al.
(författare)
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A pilot evaluation of using large movement driving simulator experiments to study driver behaviour influence on active safety systems for commercial heavy vehicles
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 21st International Symposium on Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks (IAVSD'09), Stockholm, Sweden, August 17-21, 2009. - Linköping : ViP - Virtual prototyping and assessment by simulation.
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The evaluation of active safety functions like Electronic Stability Control (ESC) is of increasing importance, driven by legislation, to commercial heavy vehicle producers and to society as a whole to predict the potential benefits of the systems. Direct testing in real traffic with normal drivers of those functions are most often infeasible due to cost, repeatability and safety. This paper presents an attempt to explore the possibility of using large scale moving based driving simulators to evaluate functions like ESC. This is conducted through a simulator experiment where the subject drivers have been provoked in driving scenarios to ESC interventions. The experiment indicates the possibility of using driving simulators for evaluation purposes. This implies that studies of the benefits can be performed with higher accuracy regarding repeatability and evaluation testing of active safety functions can be made more cost efficient and without jeopardizing safety of involved driver and other road-users.
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| 6. |
- Fischer, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Motion cueing for 3-, 6- and 8- degrees-of-freedom motion systems
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the driving simulation conference Europe 2010. - Bron : Institut national de recherche sur les transports et leur securite, INRETS. - 9782857826859 ; , s. 121-134
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Fischer, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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SPASS : Strengthen Performance Active Safety Simulator
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the SPASS project was to evaluate early development/rapid prototyping of new driver assistance systems by utilizing an advanced driving simulator in combination with a vehicle electrical architecture (including sensors, actuators and HMI). As a case study, the project demonstrated a novel active safety function which was rather well penetrated at Volvo Car Corporation (VCC), i.e. VCC had reference vehicles up and running. The project used VTI’s advanced driving simulator (Sim IV) in Gothenburg to establish a simulator platform for evaluation of driver-system interaction. The objective was to understand the capability of Sim IV when studying active safety functions requiring interaction between road infrastructure, sensors, electrical architecture, actuators and Human-Machine Interaction, and to understand how useful Sim IV is during the ordinary concept development phase at vehicle manufacturers. Warning systems that act when the driver is on the way to unintentionally leave the lane are already available today. The next generation of systems will not only warn the driver but will actively contribute to the steering task. One such system is VCC’s eLKA (emergency lane keeping assistance). As part of the SPASS project a scenario which lead to triggering of the eLKA function was developed and tested. The scenario consisted of rural road driving where drivers were distracted by means of a visual distraction task (reading numbers from a screen, placed at a relative large down angle relative to the view of the forward roadway) and then poured across the median towards an oncoming vehicle by introducing an additional steering angle in the simulated vehicle. An integrated test environment for active safety functions has been developed and evaluated. VCC’s emergency lane keeping assistance system (eLKA) has been used as test case in the evaluation, and the functioning of the eLKA has been validated and approved by experts at VCC.
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| 8. |
- Jansson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Förutsättningar för en avancerad körsimulator i Göteborg
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Driving simulators play an important role in many fields of research and development. In vehicle industry simulators are used as powerful tools for product development, often with focus on HMI, active safety and vehicle dynamics. In a prestudie, financed by Test Site Sweden, VTI has investigated the possibilities to establish and run an advanced, world-class driving simulatorin Gothenburg, characterized by: - a possibility to use and shift between personal car and lorry cabins - at least 180 degree horizontal view - an advance moving base, with solid mechanical properties, allowing linear movements in x- and y-direction, combined with titling for the simulation of static acceleration.
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