| 1. |
- Barthel, Roland, 1967, et al.
(författare)
-
Global change impacts on the Upper Danube Catchment (Central Europe): a study of participatory modeling
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Regional Environmental Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-3798 .- 1436-378X. ; 16:6, s. 1595-1611
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Participatory modeling (PM) has become an essential concept in environmental impact assessment and planning in the field of water resources. In this paper, we focus on the use of PM to support the development of the integrated regional modeling system DANUBIA as a scientific concept to analyze the previously unknown impacts of global change, i.e. the combined effects of climate, demographic, economic, social and ecological change, on the Upper Danube Catchment (Germany). We use this case study to examine the specific conditions for PM in the field of complex integrated models on a regional scale. We describe the stepwise PM process and discuss the respective results, focusing on (i) the stakeholder dialogue’s contribution in supporting the development of new, complex modeling systems, particularly on a regional scale, (ii) conditions of stakeholder involvement in issues related to the distant future, such as climate change impacts on regional water availability, and (iii) limitations of PM and scientists’ motivation to carry out participatory research at all. We conclude that the PM process was not entirely successful in improving the scientific quality and practical applicability of the developed models because the process goals were manifold and overambitious, and the definition of the problem of “global change impacts on a regional scale” was too weak and uncertain to allow for a clear common objective of modelers and stakeholders. We claim that there is a lack of incentives for scientists, particularly natural scientists, to commit to PM activities.
|
|
| 2. |
- Gluschke, J.G., et al.
(författare)
-
Using Ultrathin Parylene Films as an Organic Gate Insulator in Nanowire Field-Effect Transistors
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Nano Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6984 .- 1530-6992. ; 18:7, s. 4431-4439
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the development of nanowire field-effect transistors featuring an ultrathin parylene film as a polymer gate insulator. The room temperature, gas-phase deposition of parylene is an attractive alternative to oxide insulators prepared at high temperatures using atomic layer deposition. We discuss our custom-built parylene deposition system, which is designed for reliable and controlled deposition of <100 nm thick parylene films on III–V nanowires standing vertically on a growth substrate or horizontally on a device substrate. The former case gives conformally coated nanowires, which we used to produce functional Ω-gate and gate-all-around structures. These give subthreshold swings as low as 140 mV/dec and on/off ratios exceeding 103 at room temperature. For the gate-all-around structure, we developed a novel fabrication strategy that overcomes some of the limitations with previous lateral wrap-gate nanowire transistors. Finally, we show that parylene can be deposited over chemically treated nanowire surfaces, a feature generally not possible with oxides produced by atomic layer deposition due to the surface “self-cleaning” effect. Our results highlight the potential for parylene as an alternative ultrathin insulator in nanoscale electronic devices more broadly, with potential applications extending into nanobioelectronics due to parylene’s well-established biocompatible properties.
|
|
| 3. |
- Jönsson, K. Ingemar, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
-
Managing the transformation – : perspectives from human evolution and human behavioral ecology
- 2015
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Transforming the current society towards sustainability is a formidable task, requiring changes at many levels of society. Reductions in our use of natural resources and environmental impacts of human societies are necessary, while maintaining a progress in satisfying human well-being in a growing world population. Considerable efforts in developing low impact economy and technology will be needed to change societies towards more sustainable social-ecological systems. However, perhaps the most challenging aspect of this transformation is to manage the very roots of the problem: the human mind. Implicit in many, if not all, of the well-known causes of environmental degradation (e.g., externalities of businesses and individual behavior, tragedy of the unmanaged commons, conspicuous consumption) are a human mind originally evolved to maximize individual reproductive success within short-sighted perspectives and small social groups. We are therefore ill equipped to take responsibility for long-term global environmental problems. We argue that an understanding of human evolution and the functioning of the brain as an adaptive unit underlying human behavior will be necessary in order to create societal reorganization and incentives that successfully deal with the challenges of the Anthropocene. Cooperation and altruistic behavior are certainly part of the human repertoire but only if social contexts are arranged to support these behaviors. We believe that evolutionary approaches to human behavior can no longer be left out of the discussion on the environmental crisis, and in environmental policy, and that managing the transformation will also require applying evolutionary science to human behavior.
|
|
| 4. |
- Jönsson, K. Ingemar, et al.
(författare)
-
Managing the transformation – : perspectives from human evolution and human behavioral ecology
- 2015
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Transforming the current society towards sustainability is a formidable task, requiring changes at many levels of society. Reductions in our use of natural resources and environmental impacts of human societies are necessary, while maintaining a progress in satisfying human well-being in a growing world population. Considerable efforts in developing low impact economy and technology will be needed to change societies towards more sustainable social-ecological systems. However, perhaps the most challenging aspect of this transformation is to manage the very roots of the problem: the human mind. Implicit in many, if not all, of the well-known causes of environmental degradation (e.g., externalities of businesses and individual behavior, tragedy of the unmanaged commons, conspicuous consumption) are a human mind originally evolved to maximize individual reproductive success within short-sighted perspectives and small social groups. We are therefore ill equipped to take responsibility for long-term global environmental problems. We argue that an understanding of human evolution and the functioning of the brain as an adaptive unit underlying human behavior will be necessary in order to create societal reorganization and incentives that successfully deal with the challenges of the Anthropocene. Cooperation and altruistic behavior are certainly part of the human repertoire but only if social contexts are arranged to support these behaviors. We believe that evolutionary approaches to human behavior can no longer be left out of the discussion on the environmental crisis, and in environmental policy, and that managing the transformation will also require applying evolutionary science to human behavior.
|
|
| 5. |
- Mundaca, Luis, et al.
(författare)
-
Behavioural economics for energy and climate change policies and the transition to a sustainable energy use — A Scandinavian perspective
- 2019. - 1st
-
Ingår i: Energy and Behaviour : Towards a Low Carbon Future - Towards a Low Carbon Future. - 9780128185674 ; , s. 45-87
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Scandinavian region has been at the forefront of energy and environmental policies for decades. While significant effort has been devoted to the supply side and development of technology markets, our study questions the extent to which policy efforts have effectively and explicitly addressed behavioural factors affecting the adoption and the use of low-carbon energy technologies at the individual and household level. Building upon behavioural economics, we explore behavioural factors and the role of economic and noneconomic aspects affecting energy use and decarbonisation activities in the region. Overall, we argue that greater attention needs to be given to behavioural issues in policy design, implementation, and evaluation. At the same time, behavioural interventions are unlikely to be a panacea that can steer sustainable energy use by itself, and both price and nonprice interventions are required. We conclude that a more stringent, integrated behavioural and technological policymaking approach is needed.
|
|
| 6. |
- Nguyen, Ky V., et al.
(författare)
-
The Effect of Direct Electron Beam Patterning on the Water Uptake and Ionic Conductivity of Nafion Thin Films
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Advanced Electronic Materials. - 2199-160X. ; 9:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of electron-beam patterning on the water uptake and ionic conductivity of Nafion films using a combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, quartz crystal microbalance studies, neutron reflectometry, and impedance spectroscopy is reported. The aim is to further characterize the nanoscale patterned Nafion structures recently used as a key element in novel ion-to-electron transducers by Gluschke et al. To enable this, the electron beam patterning process is developed for large areas, achieving patterning speeds approaching 1 cm2 h−1, and patterned areas as large as 7 cm2 for the neutron reflectometry studies. It is ultimately shown that electron-beam patterning affects both the water uptake and the ionic conductivity, depending on film thickness. Type-II adsorption isotherm behavior is seen for all films. For thick films (≈230 nm), a strong reduction in water uptake with electron-beam patterning is found. In contrast, for thin films (≈30 nm), electron-beam patterning enhances water uptake. Notably, for either thickness, the reduction in ionic conductivity arising from electron-beam patterning is kept to less than an order of magnitude. Mechanisms are proposed for the observed behavior based on the known complex morphology of Nafion films to motivate future studies of electron-beam processed Nafion.
|
|
