| 1. |
- Ali, Sharafat, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Hardness, elastic modulus and refractive index of oxynitride glasses prepared from woody biofuel ashes
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Glass Science and Techology. Part B. Physics and Chemistry of Glasses. - : Society of Glass Technology. - 1753-3562 .- 1750-6689. ; 58:6, s. 231-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports the hardness, elastic modulus and refractive index values of the oxynitride glasses prepared from woody biofuel ashes. The glasses were prepared in nitrogen atmosphere at 1350-1500°C with addition of Ca metal as a precursor to the extra addition of this modifier. The glasses were homogenous, but appeared translucent grey to black. They contained up to 23 eq% of Ca and 5 eq% of N. The glass densities vary slightly between 2·76 to 2·92 g/cm3. The molar volume and compactness values vary between 8·01 cm3/mol to 8·31 cm3/mol and 0·446 to 0·462 respectively. Mechanical properties like hardness and reduced elastic modulus show values, up to 10 and 105 GPa, respectively. These properties are strongly correlated with the amount of N in the glass. The refractive index (1·54-1·75) increases with increasing N and Ca contents.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Awe, Samuel A., et al.
(författare)
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Development of new Al-Cu-Si alloys for high temperature performance
- 2017
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials Letters. - : VBRI Press. - 0976-3961 .- 0976-397X. ; 8:6, s. 695-701
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a quest to develop new light metal alloys that can perform excellently at elevated-temperatures (from 300°C to 400°C), a ternary eutectic Al-Cu-Si alloy was exploited to gain a deeper understanding of the alloy system and its suitability for high temperature applications. The alloys studied, with chemical composition of Al-27%Cu-5%Si (by weight percent) with Ni addition in the range of 0 to 1.5%wt, were cast in a rapid solidification casting technique. The solidification characteristics of the alloy was studied using the Thermo-Calc software. Microstructures were characterized in a scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS). Finally, the elevated-temperatures tensile properties of the alloys were investigated. Comparing the microstructures and mechanical properties of these Al-Cu-Si(-Ni) alloys with conventional Al-Si alloy A319, the refined microstructure with dispersed Ni intermetallic particles formed in the as-cast Al-Cu-Si(-Ni) alloys deliver improved elevated temperature properties. In particular, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the new alloy with 1.5% Ni at 400?C were observed to be 220% and 309% higher, respectively, than for conventional A319 alloy.
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| 4. |
- Bjurenstedt, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of Quality when Delivering Molten Aluminium Alloys Instead of Ingots
- 2013
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Ingår i: Materials Science Forum. - : Trans Tech Publications. - 0255-5476 .- 1662-9752. - 9783037857663 ; 765, s. 266-270
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recycled aluminium alloys manufactured at Stena Aluminium, in Älmhult, Sweden, are delivered in special designed transport containers, called thermoses. Thermoses are best described as an insulating layer protected by a steel cover with a heat loss of about 5 degrees/h. Three thermoses are transported by a truck, giving the possibility for a total capacity of about 24 tonnes delivered aluminium just-in-time to the foundry. By delivering a full load of liquid aluminium, about 2 tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions are saved, compared with delivering ingots. The aim of the paper is to assess the quality benefits, in terms of inclusions sedimentation and mechanical properties, assured by delivering aluminiummelts instead of ingots. The results indicate that materials produced by just-in-time melt delivery have slightly improved quality compared to ingots. The trends are explained in terms of quality, density and bifilm indexes, based on microstructural observations as well as tensile test data analysis.
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| 5. |
- Bjurenstedt, Anton
(författare)
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Imperfections in Recycled Aluminium-Silicon Cast Alloys
- 2015
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In striving to produce high quality cast components from recycled aluminium alloys,imperfections have to be considered, because recycled aluminium usually containsmore of it. However, there are great energy savings to be made by using recycledaluminium; as little as 5% of the energy needed for primary aluminium productionmay be required. High quality castings are dependent on, besides alloy chemistry, bothmelt quality and the casting process; the focus of this work is related to the meltquality.This thesis aims to increase knowledge about imperfections, foremost about Fe-richparticles, oxides/bifilms, and porosity. Experiments were performed at industrialfoundry facilities and in a laboratory environment. Melt quality was evaluated byproducing samples with the reduced pressure test (RPT), from which both densityindex (DI) and bifilm index (BI) could be measured, results that were related to tensiletest properties. Data from tensile test samples were analysed, and fracture surfacesand cross sections were studied in both light microscope and in scanning electronmicroscope (SEM). For the purpose of investigating nucleation of primary Fe-richparticles (sludge) differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used.In the analysis of results, a correlation between the morphology of particles and tensileproperties were found. And elongated Fe-rich β-particles were seen to fracturethrough cleavage towards the centre. However, DI and BI have not been possible torelate to tensile properties.The nucleation temperature of primary Fe-rich particles were found to increase withincreased Fe, Mn, and Cr contents, i.e. the sludge factor (SF), regardless of cooling rate.For a set SF, an increase of cooling rate will decrease the nucleation temperature.
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| 6. |
- Bjurenstedt, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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In-situ study of morphology and growth of primary α-Al(FeMnCr)Si intermetallics in an Al-Si alloy
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 130, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Morphology and growth of primary α-Al(FeMnCr)Si intermetallics have been studied in-situ during solidification of a commercial secondary aluminum alloy employing X-radiographic imaging combined with deep-etching. The α-Al(FeMnCr)Si intermetallics were found to nucleate primarily on surface oxides, and the continued growth yielded both rhombic dodecahedrons and elongated rod-like morphologies. Both morphologies were observed as hopper and massive types, where the hopper intermetallics had the higher growth rates. The growth rate, which determines the type, appears to be linked to nucleation frequency; higher nucleation frequency promoted massive types and lower nucleation frequency promoted hopper intermetallics.
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| 7. |
- Bjurenstedt, Anton, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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On the complexity of the relationship between microstructure and tensile properties in cast aluminum
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Modern Physics B. - 0217-9792. ; 29:10-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties in cast aluminium alloys is very complex. This relationship is also strongly affected by the casting process and melt handling. In the current study the mechanical properties were investigated and correlated with microstructural features such as porosity, Fe-rich particles, SDAS, Si-length. Process quality measures such as bifilm index, density index, and sludge factor were also investigated. The aim of the work was to understand the critical interactions between material microstructure and process quality in the development of high performance materials.
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| 8. |
- Bjurenstedt, Anton, 1979-
(författare)
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On the influence of imperfections on microstructure and properties of recycled Al-Si casting alloys
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There are great energy savings to be made by recycling aluminium; as little as 5% of the energy needed for primary aluminium production may be required. Striving to produce high quality aluminium castings requires knowledge of microstructural imperfections, which is extra important when casting recycled aluminium that generally contains higher levels of imperfections compared to primary aluminium. Imperfections include amongst others Si, Fe, and Mn as well as oxides. Si is needed for castability, but it may also initiate fracture. There are different types of Fe-rich intermetallics influencing properties of castings, generally in a negative direction. Oxides constitute cracks and they are elusive because they are difficult to quantify.This thesis aims to increase knowledge about imperfections in recycled aluminium castings originating from alloying elements and the melt. Experiments were performed in advanced laboratory equipment, including X-radiographic imaging during solidification and in-situ tensile testing in a scanning electron microscope. Experiments were also performed at industrial foundry facilities.The experiments showed that the nucleation temperature of primary α-Fe intermetallics increased with higher Fe, Mn, and Cr contents. Primary α-Fe are strongly suggested to nucleate on oxides and to grow in four basic morphologies. Lower nucleation frequency of α-Fe promoted faster growth and hopper crystals while higher nucleation frequency promoted slower growth rates and massive crystals. Results also showed that a decrease in the size of the eutectic Si and plate-like β-Fe intermetallics improved tensile properties, foremost the elongation to fracture. In β-Fe containing alloys the transversely oriented intermetallics initiated macrocracks that are potential fracture initiation sites. In alloys with primary α-Fe foremost clusters of intermetallics promoted macrocracks. In fatigue testing, a transition from β-Fe to α-Fe shifted the initiation sites from oxides and pores to the α-Fe, resulting in a decrease of fatigue strength. Oxides in Al-Si alloys continue to be elusive; no correlations between efforts to quantify the oxides and tensile properties could be observed.
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| 9. |
- Bjurenstedt, Anton, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of Fe-rich intermetallics on crack initiation in cast aluminium : an in-situ tensile study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 756, s. 502-507
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To evaluate the role of Fe-rich intermetallics on crack initiation, two fully modified Al-Si alloys, one containing plate-like β-Fe and the second containing primary α-Fe intermetallics, were investigated by in-situ tensile testing in the scanning electron microscope. In the first alloy, large plate-like β-Fe intermetallics oriented parallel to the test direction were the first to crack at an elongation of about 1.8%. More transversely oriented intermetallics caused crack initiation in the matrix which linked up with the final fracture. In the second alloy, the cracking of α-Fe intermetallics initiated at an elongation of about 0.9%. It is concluded that large α-Fe intermetallics crack first and that clusters of α-Fe are the most potent crack initiation sites.
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| 10. |
- Bjurenstedt, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of Fe-particles on the tensile properties of Al-Si-Cu alloys
- 2016
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Ingår i: Metals. - : MDPI. - 2075-4701. ; 6:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of Fe-rich particles has been a topic for discussion in the aluminum casting industry because of the negative impact they exert on the mechanical properties. However, there are still contradictions on the effects of various morphologies of Fe-particles. In this study, microstructural characterization of tensile tested samples has been performed to reveal how unmodified and modified Fe-rich particles impact on the tensile behavior. Analysis of additions of Fe modifiers such as Mn and Cr, showed higher amounts of primary Fe-rich particles (sludge) with increased porosity and, as result, degraded tensile properties. From the fracture analysis of tensile tested HIPed samples it could be concluded that the mechanical properties were mainly governed by the Fe-rich particles, which were fracturing through cleavage, not by the porosity.
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