| 1. |
- Ali, Sharafat, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Hardness, elastic modulus and refractive index of oxynitride glasses prepared from woody biofuel ashes
- 2017
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Glass Science and Techology. Part B. Physics and Chemistry of Glasses. - : Society of Glass Technology. - 1753-3562 .- 1750-6689. ; 58:6, s. 231-236
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports the hardness, elastic modulus and refractive index values of the oxynitride glasses prepared from woody biofuel ashes. The glasses were prepared in nitrogen atmosphere at 1350-1500°C with addition of Ca metal as a precursor to the extra addition of this modifier. The glasses were homogenous, but appeared translucent grey to black. They contained up to 23 eq% of Ca and 5 eq% of N. The glass densities vary slightly between 2·76 to 2·92 g/cm3. The molar volume and compactness values vary between 8·01 cm3/mol to 8·31 cm3/mol and 0·446 to 0·462 respectively. Mechanical properties like hardness and reduced elastic modulus show values, up to 10 and 105 GPa, respectively. These properties are strongly correlated with the amount of N in the glass. The refractive index (1·54-1·75) increases with increasing N and Ca contents.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bjurenstedt, Anton, 1979-
(författare)
-
On the influence of imperfections on microstructure and properties of recycled Al-Si casting alloys
- 2017
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There are great energy savings to be made by recycling aluminium; as little as 5% of the energy needed for primary aluminium production may be required. Striving to produce high quality aluminium castings requires knowledge of microstructural imperfections, which is extra important when casting recycled aluminium that generally contains higher levels of imperfections compared to primary aluminium. Imperfections include amongst others Si, Fe, and Mn as well as oxides. Si is needed for castability, but it may also initiate fracture. There are different types of Fe-rich intermetallics influencing properties of castings, generally in a negative direction. Oxides constitute cracks and they are elusive because they are difficult to quantify.This thesis aims to increase knowledge about imperfections in recycled aluminium castings originating from alloying elements and the melt. Experiments were performed in advanced laboratory equipment, including X-radiographic imaging during solidification and in-situ tensile testing in a scanning electron microscope. Experiments were also performed at industrial foundry facilities.The experiments showed that the nucleation temperature of primary α-Fe intermetallics increased with higher Fe, Mn, and Cr contents. Primary α-Fe are strongly suggested to nucleate on oxides and to grow in four basic morphologies. Lower nucleation frequency of α-Fe promoted faster growth and hopper crystals while higher nucleation frequency promoted slower growth rates and massive crystals. Results also showed that a decrease in the size of the eutectic Si and plate-like β-Fe intermetallics improved tensile properties, foremost the elongation to fracture. In β-Fe containing alloys the transversely oriented intermetallics initiated macrocracks that are potential fracture initiation sites. In alloys with primary α-Fe foremost clusters of intermetallics promoted macrocracks. In fatigue testing, a transition from β-Fe to α-Fe shifted the initiation sites from oxides and pores to the α-Fe, resulting in a decrease of fatigue strength. Oxides in Al-Si alloys continue to be elusive; no correlations between efforts to quantify the oxides and tensile properties could be observed.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bjurenstedt, Anton, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of Fe-rich intermetallics on crack initiation in cast aluminium : an in-situ tensile study
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 756, s. 502-507
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To evaluate the role of Fe-rich intermetallics on crack initiation, two fully modified Al-Si alloys, one containing plate-like β-Fe and the second containing primary α-Fe intermetallics, were investigated by in-situ tensile testing in the scanning electron microscope. In the first alloy, large plate-like β-Fe intermetallics oriented parallel to the test direction were the first to crack at an elongation of about 1.8%. More transversely oriented intermetallics caused crack initiation in the matrix which linked up with the final fracture. In the second alloy, the cracking of α-Fe intermetallics initiated at an elongation of about 0.9%. It is concluded that large α-Fe intermetallics crack first and that clusters of α-Fe are the most potent crack initiation sites.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bogdanoff, Toni, et al.
(författare)
-
On the combined effects of surface quality and pore size on the fatigue life of Al–7Si–3Cu–Mg alloy castings
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 885
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study has aimed to determine the effects of surface quality and pore size, obtained by different levels of hydrogen content of the liquid metal, on the fatigue behavior of an Al–7%Si–3%Cu–Mg casting alloy. Three surface conditions have been studied: as-cast rough, as-cast smooth, and standard machined and polished surface. The S–N curves have shown that surface roughness and hydrogen content individually impact fatigue strength. Surprisingly, the fatigue strength of machined and polished samples, which aligns with standard testing practices, is significantly reduced, compared to other conditions. Fatigue cracks have been observed to initiate at the pores just below the as-cast surface or on the machined surfaces. In all cases, pores have been observed to be surrounded by bifilms. Moreover, hydrogen content and roughness of the as-cast surface have been found to interact to determine the fatigue performance. These findings necessitate a re-evaluation of fatigue testing procedures for cast aluminum components.
|
|
| 5. |
- Bogdanoff, Toni, et al.
(författare)
-
On the Effectiveness of Rotary Degassing of Recycled Al-Si Alloy Melts : The Effect on Melt Quality and Energy Consumption for Melt Preparation
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 15:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effectiveness of rotary degassing on the defect formation and mechanical properties of the final casting of aluminium alloy EN AC 46000 was investigated, along with its impact on the energy consumption in the casting furnace. In the melt preparation prior to casting, the molten metal is usually transported from the melting furnace to the casting furnace with rotary degassing as a cleaning procedure. Under the conditions of this specific study, negligible degradation was observed in the mechanical properties of the final cast component in an aluminium EN AC 46000 alloy after removing the rotary degassing step in the process. Furthermore, removing the rotary degassing step led to a reduced temperature drop in the melt, thus minimizing the need for reheating (energy consumption) by up to 75% in the casting furnace. The reduced energy consumption was up to 124,000 kWh in yearly production in a 1500 kg casting furnace. The environmental impact showed a similar to 1500 kg reduction in CO2 for one 1500 kg electrical casting furnace in a year.
|
|
| 6. |
- Bogdanoff, Toni, et al.
(författare)
-
On the secondary cracks during crack propagation in an Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy : An in-situ study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Materials Characterization. - : Elsevier. - 1044-5803 .- 1873-4189. ; 203
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During in situ cyclic testing of hot isostatically pressed and heat-treated Al-5Si-0.5 Mg-1Cu alloy castings, cracks were observed to open up in places far away from the area of stress concentration. Cyclic testing was interrupted to assess these cracks. Analysis showed that these cracks originated from oxide bifilms that were entrained in the liquid state. Moreover, Si and Fe-rich intermetallics were observed to have precipitated on these bifilms. These finding makes it necessary to re-evaluate how damage is interpreted in mechanical studies. Entrainment damage, which takes place in the liquid state, may remain invisible in non-destructive inspection and can significantly affect fatigue properties when bifilms open up under low tensile stresses and present the propagating crack a path of low resistance during propagation.
|
|
| 7. |
- Bogdanoff, Toni, et al.
(författare)
-
Prototyping of a high pressure die cast al-si alloy using plaster mold casting to replicate corresponding mechanical properties
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Minerals, Metals and Materials Series. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030058630 - 9783030058647 ; , s. 435-442
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prototyping prior high pressure die casting (HPDC) is used for product/mold design optimization. Plaster mold casting is a cost-efficient prototyping technique providing good surface quality and dimension accuracy, similar to HPDC components. However, the corresponding mechanical properties of a component produced with these two methods are diverging significantly, mainly due to differences in the cooling rate. This work presents a procedure to optimize the plaster mold casting for prototyping to replicate mechanical properties of a commonly used Al-Si alloy (A380). Two commercial alloys with compositions close to the A380 alloy (A356.0 and A360.2) were used. Yield strength was considered as the main design criteria, thus the target mechanical property. Tensile testing results showed that with an optimized T6 heat treatment, not only the yield strength, but also ultimate tensile strength and elongation correspond well to the properties in the HPDC component.
|
|
| 8. |
- Bogdanoff, Toni, et al.
(författare)
-
The complex interaction between microstructural features and crack evolution during cyclic testing in heat-treated Al–Si–Mg–Cu cast alloys
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 825
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study aimed to investigate crack initiation and propagation at the micro-scale in heat-treated Al–7Si–Mg cast alloys with different copper (Cu) contents. In-situ cyclic testing in a scanning electron microscope coupled with electron back-scattered diffraction and digital image correlation was used to evaluate the complex interaction between the crack path and the microstructural features. The three-nearest-neighbour distance of secondary particles was a new tool to describe the crack propagation in the alloys. The amount of Cu retained in the α-Al matrix after heat treatment increased with the Cu content in the alloy and enhanced the strength with a slight decrease in elongation. During cyclic testing, the two-dimensional (2D) crack path appeared with a mixed propagation, both trans- and inter-granular, regardless of the Cu content of the alloy. On fracture surfaces, multiple crack initiation points were detected along the thickness of the samples. The debonding of silicon (Si) particles took place during crack propagation in the Cu-free alloy, while cracking of Si particles and intermetallic phases occurred in the alloy with 3.2 wt% Cu. Three-dimensional tomography using focused ion beam revealed that the improved strength of the α-Al matrix changes the number of cracked particles ahead of the propagating crack with Cu concentration above 1.5 wt%.
|
|
| 9. |
- Bogdanoff, Toni
(författare)
-
The effect of microstructural features, defects and surface quality on the fatigue performance in Al-Si-Mg Cast alloys
- 2023
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Global warming is driving industry to manufacture lighter components to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Promising candidates for achieving this are aluminium-silicon (Al-Si) cast alloys, which offer a high weight-to-strength ratio, excellent corrosion resistance, and good castability. However, understanding variations in the mechanical properties of these alloys is crucial to producing high-performance parts for critical applications. Defects and oxides are the primary reasons cast components in fatigue applications are rejected, as they negatively impact mechanical properties.A comprehensive understanding of the correlation between fatigue performance and parameters such as the α-aluminium matrix, Al-Si eutectic, surface roughness, porosities, hydrogen content, oxides, and intermetallic phases in Al-Si castings has not been reached.The research presented in this thesis used state-of-the-art experimental techniques to investigate the mechanical properties and crack-initiation and propagation behaviour of Al-Si-Mg cast alloy under cyclic loading. In-situ cyclic testing was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD), digital image correlation (DIC), and focused ion beam (FIB) milling. These techniques enabled a comprehensive study of parameters affecting fatigue performance, including hydrogen content, surface roughness, oxides, and intermetallic phases. More specifically, we investigated the effect of melt quality, copper (Cu) content, oxide bifilms, surface quality, and porosity.The increased Cu concentration in heat-treated Al-Si alloys increased the amount of intermetallic phases, which affected the cracking behaviour. Furthermore, oxide bifilms were detected at crack-initiation sites, even in regions far away from the highly strained areas. Si- and Iron (Fe)-rich intermetallics were observed to have precipitated on these bifilms. Due to their very small size, these oxides are generally not detected by non-destructive inspections, but affect mechanical properties because they appear to open at relatively low tensile stresses. Finally, Al-Si alloy casting skins showed an interesting effect in terms of improving fatigue performance, highlighting the negative effect of surface polishing for such alloys.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
