| 1. |
- Åsberg Johnels, Jakob, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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The relationship between intelligence and global adaptive functioning in young people with or without neurodevelopmental disorders
- 2021
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have shown an association between IQ and adaptive global functioning, i.e. how well a person is functioning in different domains of life. However, it is unclear to what extent such an association applies in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). The study group consisted of 550 population-screened children assessed with the K-SADS, WISC-IV, and the C-GAS. Approximately half of the sample had been diagnosed with one or several NDDs (ADHD, autism, language disorder and tic disorder). A factorial ANOVA with IQ level and the presence of NDD was conducted, with C-GAS score as the dependent variable. Results revealed a significant interaction effect between IQ-group and NDD-status. In the non-NDD group (49% girls), higher IQ scores were clearly linked with better global adaptive functioning. Among children with NDDs (35% girls), however, higher IQ scores were not clearly associated with better functioning. Thus, the association between IQ and adaptive functioning were found to differ depending on the presence of NDD. These results have implications for the interpretation of IQ test results in neurodevelopmental assessments and point towards the importance of providing support based on an assessment of needs and functioning rather than scores from IQ tests.
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| 2. |
- Chen, Ruoqing, et al.
(författare)
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Psychiatric disorders among children of parents with cancer : a Swedish register-based matched cohort study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Psycho-Oncology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1057-9249 .- 1099-1611. ; 27:7, s. 1854-1860
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk of psychiatric disorders among children of parents with cancer in a nationwide population-based setting.METHODS: Based on Swedish national registers, the study included 101,339 children with parental cancer diagnosed either during pregnancy (N=1,047) or after birth (N=100,292) that were born during 1983-2000. For each exposed child, we randomly selected 10 unexposed children from the general population after individual matching by year of birth and sex. The matched cohort was followed during 2001-2010. Clinical diagnoses of psychiatric disorders and use of prescribed psychiatric medications were identified for all children. Cox regression and logistic regression were used to evaluate the associations of parental cancer with psychiatric disorder diagnosis and psychiatric medication use respectively.RESULTS: Parental cancer during pregnancy was not associated with the risk of psychiatric disorders overall, although paternal cancer during pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of psychiatric medication use among females. Parental cancer after birth was associated with higher risks of psychiatric disorder diagnoses, particularly stress reaction and adjustment disorders (males:hazard ratio[HR]:1.24, 95% confidence interval[CI]:1.08-1.43; females:HR:1.27, 95%CI:1.14-1.41), and use of psychiatric medication (males:odds ratio[OR]:1.09, 95%CI:1.04-1.13;females:OR:1.14, 95%CI:1.10-1.18). The positive associations were stronger for parental cancer with poor expected survival and for parental death after cancer diagnosis.CONCLUSIONS: Parental cancer, primarily the life-threatening cancer, might confer a higher risk of psychiatric disorders among children. These findings have potential implications for healthcare professionals in providing targeted support to children living with a parent with cancer.
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| 3. |
- Durbeej, Natalie, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in childhood and adolescent internalizing symptoms : results from Swedish population based twin cohorts
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMC Psychology. - : BioMed Central. - 2050-7283. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Previous research has noted trends of increasing internalizing problems (e.g., symptoms of depression and anxiety), particularly amongst adolescent girls. Cross-cohort comparisons using identical assessments of both anxiety and depression in youth are lacking, however.METHODS: In this large twin study, we examined trends in internalizing symptoms in samples of 9 year old children and 15 year old adolescents, gathered from successive birth cohorts from 1998 to 2008 (age 9) and 1994-2001 (age 15). Assessments at age 9 were parent-rated, and at age 15 self- and parent-rated. We examined (i) the relation between birth cohorts and internalizing symptoms using linear regressions, and (ii) whether percentages of participants exceeding scale cut-off scores changed over time, using Cochrane Armitage Trend Tests.RESULTS: Among 9 year old children, a significantly increasing percentage of participants (both boys and girls) had scores above cut-off on anxiety symptoms, but not on depressive symptoms. At age 15, a significantly increasing percentage of participants (both boys and girls) had scores above cut-off particularly on self-reported internalizing symptoms. On parent-reported internalizing symptoms, only girls demonstrated a corresponding trend.CONCLUSION: In line with previous studies, we found small changes over sequential birth cohorts in frequencies of depression and anxiety symptoms in children. Further, these changes were not exclusive to girls.
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| 4. |
- Ekblom, Maria, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Fysisk aktivitet och hjärnhälsa : En bok för skolan
- 2021. - 1
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Fysisk aktivitet gynnar förutsättningarna för lärande och psykiskt välbefinnande, men ungdomar rör sig mindre än någonsin och fysisk aktivitet har blivit allt mer av en klassfråga. Detta har lett till orättvisa villkor för barns hälsa och lärande, en orättvisa som skolan kan bidra till att jämna ut.Boken Fysisk aktivitet och hjärnhälsa går konkret igenom hur skolor kan främja fysisk aktivitet inom ramen för skolvardagen och vilka effekter detta kan ge. Här beskrivs vad vi idag faktiskt vet om sambanden mellan fysisk aktivitet och hjärnhälsa med fokus på barn och ungdomar, men också vad vi behöver mer kunskap om. Med ett kritiskt förhållningssätt gör författarna en evidensbaserad genomgång av centrala begrepp inom området fysisk aktivitet med koppling till effekter på hjärnhälsa och lärande.Barn och ungdomar i skolåldern bör röra sig minst 60 minuter om dagen och eftersom eleverna spenderar en så stor del av sin vakna tid i skolan behöver gynnsamma förutsättningar skapas i skolmiljön då inte enbart inom skolämnet Idrott och hälsa.Fysisk aktivitet och hjärnhälsa vänder sig till alla lärare, lärarstudenter, skolledare och elevhälsoteam som vill bidra till ökad fysisk aktivitet, hjärnhälsa och goda vanor för livet.
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| 5. |
- Isaksson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity in early adolescence predicts depressive symptoms 3 years later : A community-based study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 277, s. 825-830
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Highlights •Physical activity (PA) is associated with a wide range of health benefits.•PA during adolescence predicted lower levels of depressive symptoms 3 years later.•The association remained after adjustment for the baseline occurrence of mental health problems.•Low physical activity as a predictor of depressive symptoms were only significant among boys.•PA did not predict externalizing problems or anxiety 3 years later in the adjusted model.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Viktoria, et al.
(författare)
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The quantified behavioral test failed to differentiate ADHD in adolescents with neurodevelopmental problems.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : Sage Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 25:3, s. 312-321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The Quantified Behavioral Test (QbTest) is a computerized diagnostic test for ADHD, used in clinical psychiatric care, but its validity may be questioned. We analyzed the QbTest's diagnostic validity and its relation to cognitive ability and psychosocial factors in an adolescent population with a high occurrence of neurodevelopmental disorders.Method: In total, 340 participants aged 15 years, completed the QbTest, along with questionnaires, clinical and intelligence quotient (IQ) assessments.Results: The clinical assessment resulted in 89 (26%) participants with ADHD. Area under curve (AUC) scores indicated a random to poor validity of the QbTest (AUC range = 0.48-0.64). QbTest scores of inattention and impulsivity correlated with IQ.Conclusion: The QbTest was insufficient as a diagnostic test for ADHD, and was not able to differentiate ADHD from other neurodevelopmental conditions. Clinicians should be aware of the dubious discriminating power of the QbTest.
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| 7. |
- Larson, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Predictive properties of the A-TAC inventory when screening for childhood-onset neurodevelopmental problems in a population-based sample
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - 1471-244X. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Identifying children with childhood-onset neurodevelopmental problems (NDPs, defined here as autism spectrum disorders [ASDs], attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [AD/HD], tic disorders [TDs], learning disorders [LDs] and development coordination disorder), using easily administered screening instruments, is a prerequisite for epidemiological research. Such instruments are also clinically useful to prioritize children for comprehensive assessments, to screen risk groups, and to follow controls. Autism-Tics, ADHD, and other Co-morbidities inventory (A-TAC) was developed to meet these requirements; here the A-TAC's prospective and psychometric properties are examined, when used in a population-based, epidemiological setting. Methods: Since 2004, parents of all Swedish twins have been asked to take part in an ongoing, nation-wide twin study (The Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden). The study includes the A-TAC, carried out as a telephone interview with parents of twins aged 9 or 12. In the present study, screen-positive twins from three birth year cohorts (1993-1995) were invited to a comprehensive clinical follow-up (blinded for previous screening results) together with their co-twins and randomly selected, healthy controls at age 15 (Total N = 452). Results: Sensitivity and specificity of A-TAC scores for predicting later clinical diagnoses were good to excellent overall, with values of the area under the receiver operating characteristics curves ranging from 0.77 (AD/HD) to 0.91 (ASDs). Among children who were screen-positive for an ASD, 48% received a clinical diagnosis of ASDs. For AD/HD, the corresponding figure was also 48%, for LDs 16%, and for TDs 60%. Between 4% and 35% of screen-positive children did not receive any diagnosis at the clinical follow-up three years later. Among screen-negative controls, prevalence of ASDs, AD/HD, LDs, and TDs was 0%, 7%, 4%, and 2%, respectively. Conclusions: The A-TAC appeared to be a valid instrument to assess NDPs in this population-based, longitudinal study. It has good-to-excellent psychometric properties, with an excellent ability to distinguish NDPs (mainly ASDs) from non-NDPs at least three years after the screening evaluations, although specific diagnoses did not correspond closely to actual clinical diagnoses.
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| 8. |
- Larson, Tomas, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability of the Autism - Tics, ADHD and other Comorbidities inventory (A-TAC) in a test-retest design
- 2014
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Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941. ; 114, s. 93-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Summary .— The Autism–Tics, AD/HD, and other Comorbidities (A-TAC) inventory is used in epidemiological research to assess neurodevelopmental problems and coexisting conditions. Although the A-TAC has been applied in various populations, data on retest reliability are limited. The objective of the present study was to present additional reliability data. The A-TAC was administered by lay assessors and was completed on two occasions by parents of 400 individual twins, with an average interval of 70 days between test sessions. Intra- and inter-rater reliability were analysed with intraclass correlations and Cohen's !. A-TAC showed excellent test-retest intraclass correlations for both autism spectrum disorder and attention-defcit hyperactivity disorder (each at .84). Most modules in the A-TAC had intra and inter-rater reliability intraclass correlation coeffcients of # .60. Cohen's k indicated acceptable reliability. The current study provides statistical evidence that the A-TAC yields good test-retest reliability in a population-based cohort of children.
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| 9. |
- Norén Selinus, Eva
(författare)
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Childhood signs of ADHD and psychosocial outcomes in adolescence : a longitudinal study of boys and girls
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Childhood neurodevelopmental problems (NDPs; encompassing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], autism spectrum disorder [ASD], tic disorder [TD], learning disorder [LD], and developmental coordination disorder [DCD]), affect around 10% of children worldwide. ADHD is the most common disorder, with an estimated prevalence between 5 and 10%. Based on its relatively high prevalence and associated impairments and adverse outcomes, ADHD is considered a major public health problem. The etiology of ADHD is multifactorial, including both genetic and environmental factors. ADHD affects both boys and girls in various areas of functioning; including academic, cognitive, psychosocial, and mental health. Previous longitudinal research on ADHD has rarely included aspects of comorbidity in relation to such outcomes. Also, it remains unclear how genetic and environmental factors influence the association between ADHD and internalizing problems during childhood and adolescence. To avoid the potentially artificial demarcation of a diagnostic cut-off, several studies have assessed the degree of core ADHD-symptoms rather than the clinical diagnosis. Such work indicates that subthreshold levels of ADHD may also be associated with negative outcomes such as poorer academic achievements, lower selfesteem, and relationship problems. A particular challenge for society lies in the fact that only children who are clinically assessed and diagnosed with ADHD may be entitled to care and support, when in fact individuals with subthreshold level symptoms might also benefit from such interventions. The general aim of this thesis was to investigate how childhood symptoms of ADHD affect psychosocial outcomes in adolescence, with a special focus on gender differences. We used data from a population-based cohort of twins, who were assessed for the presence of NDP symptoms during childhood and followed up at age 15. Study I investigated the diagnostic predictive validity of the screening-interview A-TAC, an instrument that is used throughout all studies in this thesis. The results demonstrated that ATAC is an effective screening tool for NDPs, and that it can be used for the purpose of predictive assessment in the general population. Overall, A-TAC demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties as a screening instrument. Study II examined the association between childhood signs of ADHD and/or other NDPs (at age 9 or 12) and psychosocial outcomes at age 15. The results demonstrated that symptoms of NDPs or other mental health problems at the age of 9 or 12 were associated with a higher degree of psychosocial problems during adolescence. Despite the presence of comorbidity, childhood ADHD symptoms stood out as the most important risk factor for later antisocial development and impaired daily functioning. Study III examined if different levels of ADHD symptoms were differentially associated with psychosocial problems in adolescent boys and girls. ADHD symptoms as well as their associated negative outcomes were dimensionally distributed in the study cohort. Girls and boys displayed somewhat different risk profiles, even after controlling for other neuropsychiatric symptoms. Study IV explored the relative contribution of genetic and environmental influences associated with childhood ADHD and internalizing problems to symptoms of internalizing problems during adolescence. ADHD and internalizing problems were associated. There was a gender difference in the genetic explanation of internalizing problems at age 15. In both boys and girls, both new genetic and new environmental factors emerged in adolescence. In summary, childhood symptoms of ADHD turned out to be the most important risk factor for adolescent antisocial behavior and impaired daily functioning, despite the presence of comorbid symptoms. During adolescence, increasing levels of ADHD-related symptoms were associated with increasing levels of psychosocial problems. Girls and boys displayed somewhat different risk profiles, e.g. girls displayed more internalizing symptoms and seemed to have a higher risk for drug misuse. The finding that ADHD symptoms were associated with higher drug misuse in girls motivates particular attention and active screening routines. The findings also point to the need for increased awareness and further study of the complex etiologic and developmental relationship between internalizing symptoms and ADHD.
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| 10. |
- Norén Selinus, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Inattention and hyperactivity symptoms in childhood predict physical activity in adolescence
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bmc Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Physical activity has been documented to influence several aspects of physical and mental health. Growing evidence shows that physical activity can improve attention. Less is known about how symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity / impulsivity in childhood are associated with physical activity in adolescence. We aimed to explore this relationship further. Methods We used a cohort of 3949 Swedish children (1884 boys and 2065 girls) with data collected at ages 9 (or 12) and 15. We investigated the influence of symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity / impulsivity in childhood - age 9/12 (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity separately) on self-rated physical activity at age 15, using multiple logistic regression models. We considered potential confounders such as sex, parental education level, physical activity in childhood and neurodevelopmental comorbidity. A cluster robust sandwich estimator was applied to adjust the standard errors for the nested twin data when computing the regression models. Results Symptoms of inattention in childhood (9/12) predicted less physical activity in adolescence (age 15) (OR = 0.83 CI = 0.78-0.89), whereas the opposite was true for hyperactivity/impulsivity (OR = 1.08 CI = 1.02-1.10). These associations still remained when taking possible confounders into account including neurodevelopmental and neurodevelopmental related comorbidity. Conclusions These findings support the importance of helping children and adolescents with inattention symptoms to engage in physical activity in suitable settings.
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