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- Heinimäki, Leena, et al.
(författare)
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Actualizing Sámi Rights: International Comparative Research : [Saamelaisten oikeuksientoteutuminen: kansainvälinenoikeusvertaileva tutkimus]: [Förverkligandet av samiska rättigheter: Internationell jämförande forskning]
- 2017. - 1
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I Finland har erkännandet och implementeringen av samiska rättigheter varit komplicerat. Syftet med detta forskningsprojekt är att ge kunskap om förhållanden som finska regeringen efterfrågat, särskilt i förhållande till samers markrättigheter, deltagande/konsultationer och frågan om vem som är same. Forskningen är en internationell och komparativ studie som avser att ge ny kunskap om den senaste tidens rättsutveckling vad gäller urfolks rättigheter inom internationell rätt samt på nationell nivå med en jämförande ansats av några relevanta länder. Forskningsrapporten består av fyra delar. Den första delen fokuserar på folkrättens krav och internationell standard vad gäller urfolks rättigheter och tar främst sikte på samernas rättsliga status. Den andra delen diskuterar problematiken med att definiera vem som är same, i ljuset av internationell rätt och Högsta förvaltningsdomstolens domar i Finland. Denna del innehåller även en beskrivning av bakgrund och skälen till tvisterna gällande definitionen. Den tredje delen behandlar urfolks rättsliga status och rättigheter enligt internationell rätt, med särskilt fokus på principen om urfolks fria och informerade samtycke, liksom tolkningen av artiklarna rörande landrättigheter i ILOs konvention 169. Den fjärde delen innehåller information om och jämförelse av urfolks rättsliga status i ett antal utvalda rättsystem: Norge, Sverige, Aotearoa Nya Zeeland och Kanada samt ett gemensamt kapitel om Latinamerika. Denna del innehåller sammanfattningar av centrala element och rättsliga lösningar i respektive rättssystem, liksom en sammanfattande konklusion gällande lösningar som kan vara till nytta för erkännandet av samiska rättigheter i Finland.
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- Lindberg, Elisabet, 1963-
(författare)
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Vad kan medborgarna göra? : Fyra fallstudier av samarbetsformer för frivilliga insatser i äldreomsorg och väghållning
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the study is twofold. First, to provide a picture of what happens when groups of citizens cooperate with municipalities and administrations to produce services essential to the community, i.e., elderly care or road maintenance. Second, to compare this picture with the picture of citizens’ involvement that the civil society theories describe. This is done by comparing four different cooperation projects. The empirical material has been gathered through four qualitative case studies – two elderly care cases and two road maintenance cases – and the analytical frame has been drawn mostly from organization theory, especially the resource dependence and the institutional perspectives.In the dissertation it is shown that in the projects with less complications the processes developed in a way that balanced, to some extent, the asymmetry in the dependence relation, i.e., the resources controlled by the groups became more interesting for the administrations and municipalities. These processes did also develop in a way that made it possible for the actors to come to an agreement of what problem the project was supposed to solve. These findings covariates with how interested the municipalities and the Road Administration organizations were to participate in the cooperation projects. It also covariates with the use of institutionalized cooperation forms. The short cut of an already defined and legitimated cooperation form implied that less transaction resources had to be invested in the cooperation itself – but as a result the actors did not communicate sufficiently and therefore did not develop a mutual understanding and trust. Another finding is that both the groups and the municipalities and administrations had pragmatic motives for their involvement in the cooperation projects, which led to an organizational form that was effective for the purpose of solving the identified problem with the elderly care/road maintenance, but not for the unintended consequences described by the civil society theories. As the group of citizens really involved was small, the consequences – greater solidarity and responsibility, and a decentralized democratic process, only comprised a few, mostly resourceful, citizens.Finally, the study shows that the groups’ contributions to the democratic process were limited by their involvement in actually solving the problem in question, i.e., to build and run an elderly home or to work with the improvement of the roads. The findings suggests that the picture of citizens’ involvement often put forward in the political debate in Sweden – as both a complement to the service provided by the public sector and a way to improve the democratic process – ought to be the subject of further research.
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- Myrberg, Gunnar, 1976-
(författare)
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Medlemmar och medborgare : Föreningsdeltagande och politiskt engagemang i det etnifierade samhället
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- What is the political significance of affiliation with voluntary associations for people with and without foreign backgrounds in Sweden? Does associational affiliation offer an opportunity to influence the political decision-making process for those otherwise disfavoured in terms of political resources? Or does it rather aggravate the political marginalisation of people with foreign backgrounds? This thesis is based on two large-scale surveys that have been designed explicitly to deal with questions of this sort. It is shown that there are substantial differences in associational affiliation between people with and without foreign backgrounds. Interestingly, these differences are strongly correlated with patterns of ethnification and ethnic discrimination in Swedish society. Individuals who have migrated to Sweden from Western Europe and North America participate in voluntary associations to the same extent as native Swedes. In contrast, the levels of associational affiliation are consistently lower among people who have migrated to Sweden from other parts of the world, even controlling for age, education, occupation and other potentially important factors. The study supports the widely held notion that there is a positive causal relation between associational affiliation and political participation. However, this seems to be true only with regard to certain forms of political participation and only seldom to such an extent that differences in associational affiliation can be said to strongly affect the relative levels of political engagement of people with and without foreign backgrounds. In particular, the observed differences in associational affiliation seem to have little to do with the often debated marginalisation of immigrants in the electoral arena.
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- Mörkenstam, Ulf, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Who are ‘We, the People’? : A comparative analysis of the right to register in the Sámi electoral roll in Finland, Norway and Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: The Sámi World. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 9780367458157 - 9781032263243 - 9781003025511 ; , s. 294-309
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The right to self-constitute and to demarcate the demos, i.e. the right to regulate membership, is an important part of Indigenous Peoples’ self-determination. The right to self-constitute may create different kinds of conflicts with the states in which Indigenous Peoples live but may also affect the balance of power within Indigenous communities. The transnational Indigenous Sámi people have no common constitution defining who belong to the people. In Finland, Norway and Sweden, Sámi membership has been handled in relation to specific legislation on Sámi issues. In this chapter, the authors’ aim is twofold: First, to describe the criteria for registering in the Sámi electoral roll in the Nordic states and second, to analyze why these criteria have been perceived in such a different fashion within the Sámi communities in their respective countries and why they have been implemented differently by the three Sámediggis. Since Indigenous self-determination within the borders of already-existing nation-states always means some external control and not total autonomy, it is important to compare how the question of membership is playing itself out among the same Indigenous People but in different national contexts that otherwise have so much in common.
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