| 1. |
- Ernersson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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An obesity provoking behaviour negatively influences young normal weight subjects' Health Related Quality of Life and causes depressive symptoms
- 2010
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Ingår i: Eating Behaviors. - : Elsevier. - 1471-0153 .- 1873-7358. ; 11:4, s. 247-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many parts of the world the prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle in combination with high consumption of food has increased, which contributes to increased risk for becoming overweight. Our primary aim was, in an intervention, to examine the influence on health related quality of life (HRQoL) and mood in young normal weight subjects of both sexes, when adopting an obesity provoking behaviour by increasing the energy intake via fast food and simultaneously adopting a sedentary lifestyle. A secondary aim was to follow-up possible long-term effects on HRQoL and mood 6 and 12 months after this short-term intervention.In this prospective study, 18 healthy normal weight subjects (mean age 26 ± 6.6 years), mainly university students were prescribed doubled energy intake, and maximum 5000 steps/day, during 4 weeks. An age and sex matched control group (n = 18), who were asked to have unchanged eating habits and physical activity, was recruited. Before and after the intervention questionnaires including Short Form-36, Hospital Anxiety Depression scale, Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression scale, Sense of Coherence and Mastery scale were completed by the subjects in the intervention group and by the controls with 4 weeks interval. Six and 12 months after the intervention the subjects underwent the same procedure as at baseline and the controls completed the same questionnaires.During the intervention, subjects in the intervention group increased their bodyweight and developed markedly lower physical and mental health scores on Short Form-36 as well as depressive symptoms while no changes appeared in the controls. The increase of depressive symptoms was associated with increases of energy intake, body weight and body fat. When followed up, 6 and 12 months after the intervention, physical and mental health had returned completely to baseline values, despite somewhat increased body weight.In conclusion, adopting obesity provoking behaviour for 4 weeks decreases HRQoL and mood in young normal weight subjects. The effect is temporary and when followed up 6 and 12 months after the short-term intervention no remaining influence is found.
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| 2. |
- Frodi, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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Current attachment representations of incarcerated offenders varying in degree of psychopathy
- 2001
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Ingår i: Attachment & Human Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-6734 .- 1469-2988. ; 3:3, s. 269-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study sought to examine the current mental representations of early attachment relationships in 24 psychopathic criminal offenders, incarcerated in a forensic psychiatric hospital or a medium-security prison. The participants had been assessed on Hare's Psychopathy Checklist, Revised: Screening Version (PCL-R, sv, 1997) and scored either high or low. They were interviewed with the Main and Goldwyn Adult Attachment Interview (1998) and completed the EMBU, a Swedish self-report questionnaire tapping memories of the parent's rearing techniques. The results pointed to an extensive over-representation of individuals who were dismissing of attachment and attachment-related experiences (close to three times as many as in the normal population), no secure individuals, and with the remainder being either unclassifiable or unresolved with regard to severe early abuse/trauma. In addition, an examination of the EMBU data revealed an association between a higher psychopathy score and a family constellation of a rejecting father and an emotionally very warm (idealized) mother. The discussion will focus on the unique discourse of the dismissing individuals and on clinical implications.
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| 3. |
- Hallin, Anne-Li, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of extremely preterm birth on attachment organization in late adolescence
- 2012
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Ingår i: Child Care Health and Development. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0305-1862 .- 1365-2214. ; 38:2, s. 196-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Prior studies have examined the impact of preterm birth on the quality of the attachment relationship to the mother in infancy, but few have examined extremely preterm born infants and almost no data have been reported on prematurity and its impact on the attachment organization attained after childhood. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods Thirty-nine adolescents born extremely preterm and 39 full-term born control participants were assessed with the Adult Attachment Interview. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults The prematurely born showed lower scores regarding measures of attachment security and, in particular, a higher proportion of insecure dismissive patterns. This difference seemed to be clear and persistent even when controlled for intelligence and socio-economic variables. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions Because insecure attachment as well as prematurity may be considered as significant risk factors for developing psychopathology, they deserve careful attention in future research and clinical follow-ups.
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| 4. |
- Koch, Felix-Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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Body Dissatisfaction Measured with a Figure Preference Task and Self-Esteem in 8 Year Old Children : a Study within the ABIS-Project
- 2008
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Ingår i: Clinical Medicine Insights. - Auckland, New Zealand : Libertas Academica Ltd.. - 1179-5565. ; 2, s. 13-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body dissatisfaction has been related to low self-esteem and depression in adolescents. With regard to the current world wide rise in childhood obesity and common stigmatization of adults and children with obesity, easy to use and cost effective measurements of body dissatisfaction would be helpful in epidemiological research. In the current study, detailed data on body measurements with regard to perceived and ideal body size and body dissatisfaction, as measured with the figure preference task, are presented for a population based sample of 3837 children. Perceived body size correlations to weight, body mass index [BMI], and waist circumference were between 0.41 and 0.54; and to height between 0.12 and 0.21. Odds ratios for lower self-esteem increased with increase in body dissatisfaction. Gender differences in body dissatisfaction were present but not found in relation to self-esteem. It is concluded that the figure preference task yields valuable information in epidemiological studies of children as young as 7.5 years of age. It is argued, that the figure preference task is an additional measurement which theoretically relates to psychological stress in childhood.
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| 5. |
- Koch, Felix-Sebastian, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Parenting stress over time and children’s self-esteem at age 8
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Parenting stress and other kinds of psychological stress were measured longitudinally from birth and related to children’s self-esteem at age 8. 3837 children answered a Swedish instrument assessing self-esteem in 5 domains. Generalized linear models showed a relation between parenting stress and lower self-esteem in all domains (e.g., cross-sectional for domain mental well-being: Odds ratio=1.76, p<.001 and longitudinal from age 1: Odds ratio=1.38, p<.001). This relation was not explained by other factors, such as serious life events, the child’s temperament or socioeconomy, and it was proposed that interventions aimed at reducing parenting stress could help children even long term.
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| 6. |
- Koch, Felix-Sebastian, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Parents’ psychological stress over time may affect children’s cortisol at age 8
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Psychology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0146-8693 .- 1465-735X. ; 35:9, s. 950-959
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To study possible relations between parents’ psychological stress, children’s selfesteem and children’s saliva cortisol levels with regard to a mild stressor (drawing a blood sample). Method: Parenting stress and serious life events at birth, age 1, age 2, age 5 and age 8, and children’s self-esteem at age 8 were assessed. 82 paired saliva samples just before and 30 minutes after a children’s blood was drawn were analyzed. Results: Repeated measure general linear models indicated a relation between higher parenting stress at age 1 (p=0.03) and at age 8 (p<0.01), and elevated cortisol levels. No relation was found for serious life events. Lack of self-esteem in the domain of mental well-being was related to elevated cortisol levels (p=0.02). Conclusion: Parenting stress related to elevated cortisol levels of their children cross-sectionally and longitudinally and may be used as an indicator for children’s psychological stress in epidemiological studies.
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| 7. |
- Koch, Felix-Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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Psychological Stress and Obesity
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatrics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3476 .- 1097-6833. ; 153:6, s. 839-844
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine whether there is a relationship between psychological stress in the family and obesity in 5- to 6-year-old children. Study design: A total of 7443 Swedish families reported on psychological stress across 4 domains as part of the prospective All Babies in Southeast Sweden-project (ABIS). Domains assessed included serious life events, parenting stress, lack of social support, and parental worries. These variables were summarized in cross-sectional and longitudinal composite measures of psychological stress. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios for childhood obesity for psychological stress. Results: A total of 4.2% of the children were obese according to age-adjusted international standards. Children from families that reported stress in at least 2 of the 4 domains assessed had significantly higher adjusted odds ratios (OR) for obesity, both cross-sectionally (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.3-3.5; P < .01.) and longitudinally (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.3-5.4, P < .01). Conclusion: Psychological stress in the family may be a contributing factor for childhood obesity. This finding underscores how important it is to give children with obesity and their families psychological and social support in addition to recommendations about changing life style.
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| 8. |
- Koch, Felix-Sebastian, 1977-
(författare)
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Stress and Obesity in Childhood
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Childhood obesity is a serious health problem and prevalence increases dramatically around the world, including Sweden. The aim of the current thesis was to examine parents’ and children’s stress in relation to childhood obesity. Parenting stress, social support, parental worries, and serious life events, as well as children’s temperament, self-esteem, body dissatisfaction, saliva cortisol, weight and height were measured to estimate stress and the relation between stress and childhood obesity. Data was collected as part of the cohort project All Babies in Southeast Sweden (ABIS) which main aim is to understand the causes of Type 1 Diabetes. All 21700 children born between October 1997 and October 1999 in Southeast Sweden and their parents were invited to participate and questionnaires were completed for 16070 children at birth. Questionnaires were then collected at follow-ups at 1 year (N=11078), at 2-3 years (N=8803), at 5-6 years (N=7443), and at 8 years (N=3959). The main findings were a relation between parents’ psychological stress and lower self-esteem of children, a relation between parenting stress and higher cortisol levels of children, and a relation between children’s body dissatisfaction and lower self-esteem. Another main finding was a relation between cumulative psychological stress and an increased prevalence of childhood obesity. The current thesis summarized these results, found good validity of the instruments, and the analyses did not indicate any systematic attrition due to stress. It is concluded that the psychological variables reported by parents can be used as proxies for children’s experience of stress in epidemiological studies such as ABIS, and that psychological stress seems to be a contributing factor in childhood obesity. This relation needs to be studied further in order to better understand and intervene in the current epidemic of childhood obesity. These findings may also help to better examine if psychological stress and childhood obesity are contributing factors in the etiology of Type 1 Diabetes.
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| 9. |
- Ludvigsson, Johnny, et al.
(författare)
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Screening for prediabetes in the general child population: maternal attitude to participation
- 2001
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Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1399-543X. ; 2:4, s. 170-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Screening to predict serious diseases in the general population has been regarded as unethical as it is supposed to make people anxious. Therefore we have evaluated whether mothers become anxious when their babies participate in a project to predict diabetes in the general child population. Out of 21 700 newborn children, 16 300 (75%) entered the ABIS project (All Babies in South-east Sweden). The parents (usually the mothers) answered a questionnaire at the child's birth and then again after 1 yr. A total of 10 868 representative birth questionnaires had been analyzed. To the question, 'How do you feel when you know that your child is participating in this study?', only 2.5% of mothers of children with type 1 diabetes in the family answered 'more anxious/much more anxious', and even fewer (1.5%) of the mothers in the general population (p < 0.01). A total of 52.5% of the general population answered 'calmer/more reassured' (29.3% 'calmer' and 23.2% 'much calmer'), while 43.3% felt unaffected. Those 1.5% of mothers who reported becoming more anxious were more likely to be in an unstable social situation (unemployed, p < 0.001; born abroad, p < 0.001; low education, p < 0.001). At the 1-yr follow-up, 4948 unselected questionnaires had been analyzed. Only 1.2% of the mothers felt 'more anxious', while the overwhelming majority felt either unaffected (58.7%) or calmer (38.6%). At this follow-up, most of those who had felt 'more anxious' at birth did not feel that way any longer, and none of those with diabetes in the family. We conclude that large-scale screening studies for the prediction of diabetes in the general population can be performed without causing increased anxiety. A few parents, most often found in the group with known social problems, might need extra information and support.
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| 10. |
- Mårild, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Psychological stress and coeliac disease in childhood: a cohort study
- 2010
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Ingår i: BMC Gastroenterology. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-230X. ; 10
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Psychological stress has previously been associated with several immunological diseases, e. g. inflammatory bowel disease. Through questionnaire data from the ABIS study (All Babies In southeast Sweden) we examined the association between psychological stress in the family and biopsy-proven coeliac disease (CD) in the child. Methods: We used serious life event, parenting stress, and parental worries as measures of psychological stress. Data were collected when the child was 1 and 2.5 years old in some 11,000 and 8,800 children, respectively. CD was confirmed through small intestinal biopsy (with villous atrophy), and the diagnosis was validated through patient chart data. Results: Serious life event in the family in the childs first 1 or 2.5 years after childbirth was not associated with future CD in the child (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.45; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.01-2.65; P = 0.72; and OR = 1.21; 95% CI = 0.43-3.05; P = 0.64, respectively). Neither did we see any association between CD and parenting stress at age 1 year and at 2.5 years (OR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.01-2.38; P = 0.73 and OR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.01-4.56; P = 1.00, respectively). Among children exposed to parental worries at 2.5 years, no child had a diagnosis of CD before end of follow-up, compared to 25/8082 (0.3%) among non-exposed children (OR = 0.00; 95% CI = 0.00-2.34; P = 0.64). There was no association between the combined measures of stress and CD. Conclusion: This study found no association between psychological stress and later development of CD in Swedish children. However, we cannot rule out that the lack of such an association is due to limited statistical power.
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