| 1. |
- Burkhard, Benjamin, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping and assessing ecosystem services in the EU - Lessons learned from the ESMERALDA approach of integration
- 2018
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Ingår i: One Ecosystem. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 2367-8194. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Union (EU) Horizon 2020 Coordination and Support Action ESMERALDA aimed at developing guidance and a flexible methodology for Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services (MAES) to support the EU member states in the implementation of the EU Biodiversity Strategy’s Target 2 Action 5. ESMERALDA’s key tasks included network creation, stakeholder engagement, enhancing ecosystem services mapping and assessment methods across various spatial scales and value domains, work in case studies and support of EU member states in MAES implementation. Thus ESMERALDA aimed at integrating various project outcomes around four major strands: i) Networking, ii) Policy, iii) Research and iv) Application. The objective was to provide guidance for integrated ecosystem service mapping and assessment that can be used for sustainable decision-making in policy, business, society, practice and science at EU, national and regional levels. This article presents the overall ESMERALDA approach of integrating the above-mentioned project components and outcomes and provides an overview of how the enhanced methods were applied and how they can be used to support MAES implementation in the EU member states. Experiences with implementing such a large pan-European Coordination and Support Action in the context of EU policy are discussed and recommendations for future actions are given.
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| 2. |
- Karlsson, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2012. - 1
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Ingår i: Rural Development and Land Use. - Uppsala : Baltic University Press. - 9789186189112 ; , s. 11-20
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 3. |
- Ojaste, Ivar, et al.
(författare)
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From northern Europe to Ethiopia : Long-distance migration of Common Cranes (Grus grus)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ornis Fennica. - 0030-5685. ; 97:1, s. 12-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The majority of Common Cranes (Grus grus) breeding in northern Europe are short- to medium-distance migrants that overwinter in southern Europe, northern Africa, and the Middle East. However, some individuals migrate longer distances to as far as Ethiopia. Using data from 18 satellite-tracked juvenile Common Cranes, we assessed (1) the length and landscape composition of the migratory routes used and (2) the behaviour of neighbouring Finnish and Estonian (500 km apart in the north-south direction) sub-populations. Our results show that Common Cranes mainly use the East European flyway to reach the wintering grounds in Ethiopia, yet some individual cranes may alternatively use the Baltic-Hungarian migration route. Neither duration nor the number of stopovers used influenced the flight distances of the cranes. Further, 7-19 days of refuelling enabled the cranes to cover long flight distances, from 2,420 to 5,110 km in 6-15 days, without the need for settling down at potential stopovers on the route. Contrary to our expectations, the main refuelling sites of the Finnish breeding population were further south (in southern Ukraine) than those of the Estonian population (in Belarus). Despite the longer flight distances, Finnish cranes used three main migration stages, while cranes breeding at more southern sites generally used mainly four stages. Our findings demonstrate that large-sized social migrants such as the Common Crane may have spatially segregated, flexible migration patterns that involve only a few carefully selected stopovers during long-distance migration.
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| 4. |
- Poska, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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Reading past landscapes : combining modern and historical records, maps, pollen-based vegetation reconstructions, and the socioeconomic background
- 2018
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Ingår i: Landscape Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0921-2973 .- 1572-9761. ; 33:4, s. 529-546
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Anthropogenic and environmental changes are reshaping landscapes across the globe. In this context, understanding the patterns, drivers, and consequences of these changes is one of the central challenges of humankind. Purpose: We aim to test the possibilities of combining modern multidisciplinary approaches to reconstruct the land-cover and linking the changes in land-cover to socioeconomic shifts in southern Estonia over the last 200 years. Methods: The historical records from five, and maps from six time periods and 79 pollen-based land-cover reconstructions from four lakes are used to determine the land-cover structure and composition and are thereafter combined with the literature based analyses of socioeconomic changes. Results: All information sources recorded similar changes in the land-cover. The anthropogenic deforestation was comparable to today’s (approximately 50%) during the nineteenth century. Major political and socioeconomic changes led to the intensification of agriculture and maximal deforestation (60–85%) at the beginning of the twentieth century. The land nationalisation following the Soviet occupation led to the reforestation of the less productive agricultural lands. This trend continued until the implementation of European Union agrarian subsidies at the beginning of the twenty first century. Conclusions: Pollen-based reconstructions provide a trustworthy alternative to historical records and maps. Accounting for source specific biases is essential when dealing with any data source. The landscape’s response to socioeconomic changes was considerable in Estonia over the last 200 years. Changes in land ownership and the global agricultural market are major drivers in determining the strength and direction of the land-cover change.
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| 5. |
- Rattiste, Kalev, et al.
(författare)
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Skin pentosidine and telomere length do not covary with age in a long-lived seabird
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biogerontology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-6768 .- 1389-5729. ; 16:4, s. 435-441
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The questions about why and how senescence occurs in the wild are among the most pertinent ones in evolutionary ecology. Telomere length is a commonly used marker for aging, while other biomarkers of aging have received considerably less attention. Here we studied how another potent indicator of aging-skin pentosidine concentration-relates to age and blood telomere length in a long-lived seabird with well-documented reproductive senescence. We found no associations between telomere length, skin pentosidine and chronological age in male common gulls (Larus canus), aging from 2 to 30 years. However, the variance in telomere length was 4.6 times higher among the birds older than 13 years, which hints at relaxed selection on telomere length among the birds that have passed their prime age of reproduction. These results suggest that physiological and chronological ages may be largely uncoupled in our study system. Furthermore, our findings do not support a hypothesis about the presence of a common physiological factor (e.g., such as oxidative stress) that would cause covariation between two independent markers of aging.
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| 6. |
- Sepp, Kalev
(författare)
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2. Landscape Functions and Ecosystem Services
- 2012. - 1
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Ingår i: Rural Development and Land Use. - Uppsala : Baltic University Press. - 9789186189112 ; , s. 39-51
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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