| 1. |
- Dziejarski, Bartosz, 1995, et al.
(författare)
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CO 2 capture materials: a review of current trends and future challenges
- 2023
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Ingår i: Materials Today Sustainability. - 2589-2347. ; 24
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the last decade, CO2 adsorption technology has quickly gained popularity and is now widely applied in global CCUS projects due to playing an important role in achieving net-zero emissions by 2050. As a result, novel materials, or post-modification methods of those already available have been successively reported to enhance the efficiency of CO2 capture from flue gases. This paper discusses a systematic understanding of fundamental aspects of current research trends in terms of developing selected solid CO2 adsorbent, with a particular emphasis on the upcoming challenges. The candidates are reviewed considering the practical drawbacks of imposed by industrial scale and economics, including carbon-based materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), polymers, zeolites, silica, alumina, metal oxides, amine-based adsorbents, and other composite porous materials. Sustainable sorbents derived from biomass and industrial residues are also studied due to the high need for cost-effective raw materials and their crucial role in the circular economy. Lastly, a techno-economic analysis (TEA) is included to provide the most important criteria that should be considered when adsorbents are implemented on an industrial scale. Consequently, the review is summarized, and recommendations are offered for future research in the advancement of CO2 capture materials. The paper aims to establish a comprehensive theoretical basis of adsorption technologies currently progressed to reduce CO2 emissions, along with highlighting the identification and precise articulation of the most important future research paths that could be beneficial to address over the next years.
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| 2. |
- Dziejarski, Bartosz, 1995, et al.
(författare)
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Insights into Activation Pathways of Recovered Carbon Black (rCB) from End-of-Life Tires (ELTs) by Potassium-Containing Agents
- 2024
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Ingår i: ACS Omega. - 2470-1343. ; In Press
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores the conversion of recovered carbon black (rCB) from end-of-life tires (ELTs) into activated carbons (ACs) using potassium-based activators, targeting enhanced textural properties development. The research focuses on the interaction between potassium and rCB, with the aim of understanding the underlying mechanisms of rCB activation. The study investigates several parameters of KOH activation, including the KOH/rCB mass ratio (1:3 to 1:6), activation temperatures (700-900 °C), activation time (1-4 h), and heating rate (5-13 °C/min). It also assesses the effects of different potassium salts (KCl, K2CO3, CH3COOK, and K2C2O4) on porosity and surface characteristics of the rCB/ACs. Furthermore, the role of the physical state of KOH as an activator (solid and gas-solid) was examined, alongside a comparative analysis with NaOH to evaluate the distinct effects of potassium and sodium ions. Optimal conditions were identified at an 800 °C activation temperature, a 7 °C/min heating rate, a 1:5 KOH/rCB ratio, and a 4 h activation period. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the formation of several K-phases, such as K2CO3, K2CO3·1.5H2O, K4(CO3)2·(H2O)3, KHCO3, and K2O. The effectiveness of the potassium salts was ranked as follows: KOH > K2C2O4 > CH3COOK > K2CO3 > KCl, with KOH emerging as the most effective. Notably, the gas-solid reaction of KOH/rCB was indicated as a contributor to the activation process. Additionally, it was concluded that the role of KOH in enhancing the textural properties of rCB was primarily due to the interaction of K+ ions with the graphite-like structure of rCB, compared to the effects observed with NaOH. This research introduces novel insights into the specific roles of different potassium salts and KOH activation conditions in optimizing the textural characteristics of rCB/ACs.
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| 3. |
- Dziejarski, Bartosz, 1995, et al.
(författare)
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Upgrading recovered carbon black (rCB) from industrial-scale end-of-life tires (ELTs) pyrolysis to activated carbons: Material characterization and CO 2 capture abilities
- 2024
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study presents for the first time how recovered carbon black (rCB) obtained directly from the industrial-scale end-of-life tires (ELTs) pyrolysis sector is applied as a precursor for activated carbons (ACs) with application in CO2 capture. The rCB shows better physical characteristics, including density and carbon structure, as well as chemical properties, such as a consistent composition and low impurity concentration, in comparison to the pyrolytic char. Potassium hydroxide and air in combination with heat treatment (500–900 °C) were applied as agents for the conventional chemical and physical activation of the material. The ACs were tested for their potential to capture CO2. Ultimate and proximate analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and N2/CO2 gas adsorption/desorption isotherms were used as material characterization methods. Analysis revealed that KOH-activated carbon at 900 °C (AC-900K) exhibited the highest surface area and a pore volume that increased 6 and 3 times compared to pristine rCB. Moreover, the AC-900K possessed a well-developed dual porosity, corresponding to the 22% and 78% of micropore and mesopore volume, respectively. At 0 °C and 25 °C, AC-900K also showed a CO2 adsorption capacity equal to 30.90 cm3/g and 20.53 cm3/g at 1 bar, along with stable cyclic regeneration after 10 cycles. The high dependence of CO2 uptake on the micropore volume at width below 0.7–0.8 nm was identified. The selectivity towards CO2 in relation to N2 reached high values of 350.91 (CO2/N2 binary mixture) and 59.70 (15% CO2/85% N2).
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| 4. |
- Fonseca-Bermúdez, Óscar Javier, et al.
(författare)
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Cashew nut shell biomass: A source for high-performance CO 2 /CH 4 adsorption in activated carbon
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of CO2 Utilization. - 2212-9820. ; 83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study embarks on the synthesis of activated carbon (AC) from cashew nut shells using a potassium carbonate (K2CO3) activation process, with a specific focus on its practical application in high-pressure gas adsorption. Among the synthesized samples, MCAK85 emerged as the most efficient, demonstrating a specific surface area of 1693 m2/g and total and micropore volumes of 0.839 cm3/g and 0.641 cm3/g, respectively. Importantly, this bioorganic activated carbon exhibited high sorption capacities for CO2 and CH4, with uptake values of 11.0 mmol/g and 5.5 mmol/g at 10 bar at 25°C, and a CO2/CH4 selectivity range between 9.1 and 1.8. A comprehensive range of characterization techniques were employed to analyze the structural and chemical properties of the synthesized AC, providing valuable insights into the functional groups and molecular structure. The morphology of the AC was examined using SEM, while the point of zero charge was determined to understand the surface charge characteristics. Additionally, TGA was utilized to assess the thermal stability and composition of the AC. This study underscores the potential of utilizing agricultural waste, specifically cashew nut shells, in the creation of effective materials for gas storage and purification applications. The high-pressure adsorption capacity of the produced AC, coupled with its sustainable and eco-friendly nature, underscores its suitability for environmental and industrial applications, particularly in areas focusing on greenhouse gas capture and air purification, thereby inspiring further research and development in this field.
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| 5. |
- Gautam,, et al.
(författare)
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An environmentally friendly synthesis method of activated carbons based on subabul (Leucaena leucocephala) sawdust waste for CO 2 adsorption
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - 0959-6526. ; 412
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel micro-mesoporous activated carbon (SBL AC-700) is synthesized from subabul (Leucaena leucocephala) sawdust waste by direct single-stage physical activation at 700 °C for 1 h for carbon capture applications. The synthesized AC is characterized to explore various physiochemical properties like elemental composition, surface morphology and crystallinity, presence of functional groups, surface area, pore size, and pore volume. Additionally, emphasis is given to exploring the thermophysical aspects of the novel AC, the literature regarding which is scarce in the open domain. The CO2 adsorption study is carried out for a 0–1 bar pressure for temperatures ranging from 0 to 75 °C. The analysis revealed that the AC possesses a surface area of 590 m2/g and pore volume and width of 0.27 cm3/g and 1.85 nm, corresponding to a 70% microporosity with a well-developed porous structure. At 25 °C and 1 bar, a CO2 uptake of 40.54 cm3/g is achieved, corresponding to an increment of 6–202% compared to other commercials, chemically and physically activated carbons. Moreover, SBL AC-700 has a thermal conductivity of 0.095 W/m K, 8–131% higher than other benchmarks ACs and much lower specific heat of 0.82 kJ/kg K corresponding to lesser regeneration energy requirements. Experimental data are fitted with various isotherm models, i.e., Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips, R–P, and Toth, out of which R–P and Toth models exhibit the best fit. In continuation, adsorption kinetics is studied to explore the dynamic performance of the SBL AC-700 by using Pseudo-first-order, Pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models.
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| 6. |
- Serafin, Jarosław, et al.
(författare)
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Activated carbons—preparation, characterization and their application in CO 2 capture: A review
- 2024
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 31:28, s. 40008-40062
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the latest research trends in terms of the preparation, and characteristics of activated carbons regarding CO2 adsorption applications, with a special focus on future investigation paths. The reported current research trends are primarily closely related to the synthesis conditions (carbonization and physical or chemical activation process), to develop the microporosity and surface area, which are the most important factors affecting the effectiveness of adsorption. Furthermore, we emphasized the importance of regeneration techniques as a factor determining the actual technological and economic suitability of a given material for CO2 capture application. Consequently, this work provides a summary and potential directions for the development of activated carbons (AC). We attempt to create a thorough theoretical foundation for activated carbons while also focusing on identifying and specific statements of the most relevant ongoing research scope that might be advantageous to progress and pursue in the coming years.
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| 7. |
- Serafin, Jarosław, et al.
(författare)
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An innovative and environmentally friendly bioorganic synthesis of activated carbon based on olive stones and its potential application for CO 2 capture
- 2023
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Ingår i: Sustainable Materials and Technologies. - 2214-9937. ; 38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work presents an innovative, fully environmentally friendly method of obtaining bioorganic activated carbon based on olive stones by applying banana plant extract as an activating agent. The activated carbon prepared in this way was compared with activated carbons prepared by chemical activation using potassium hydroxide (KOH) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4). The obtained results of physicochemical characterization were comparable to the currently commonly obtained activated carbons. For the novel activated carbon, the specific surface area was equal to 915 m2/g, and the pore area was 0.495 cm3/g. The CO2 adsorption capacity of the newly obtained activated carbon was also tested and it was 6.32 mmol/g and 4.33 mmol/g for 0 °C and 30 °C, respectively. This material has a high selectivity equal to 161.1 and stability after the 50th adsorption-desorption cycles. The material prepared in this way creates new possibilities for obtaining high-quality activated carbon and it does away with the requirement for using any hazardous inorganic activating agent like acids or bases, which makes it completely harmless to the environment.
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| 8. |
- Serafin, Jarosław, et al.
(författare)
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Application of isotherms models and error functions in activated carbon CO 2 sorption processes
- 2023
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Ingår i: Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 1387-1811. ; 354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work is concerned with the calculations using eight different isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Halsey, Temkin, Toth, Sips, Radke-Prausnitz, and Redlich-Peterson) to fit the experimental isotherm data of CO2 on activated carbon (AC). Moreover, systematic and comprehensive modeling of non-linearized isotherms was performed by developing an algorithm for determining their parameters and analyzing seven error functions. To determine the best-fitted isotherm model and error function, we used the sum of normalized errors (SNE) procedure. The modeling results obtained showed that the Redlich-Peterson, Radke-Prausnitz, and Toth isotherm models are best suited to the empirical data, with relatively high R2 determination coefficients. Finally, the SNE method allowed the selection of the chi-square test (χ2) and the HYBRID error as universal indicators in nonlinear regression to select the set of optimized isotherm parameters. The interpretation of the assumptions of the isotherm models, which featured a strong correlation with the experimental data, allowed a conclusion to be drawn about the sub-monolayer adsorption mechanism on the heterogeneous surface of the AC. The acquired modeling findings are expected to establish a certain theoretical foundation for the characterization of CO2 adsorption equilibrium studies at the interface between porous solid materials and gases.
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| 9. |
- Serafin, Jarosław, et al.
(författare)
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Biomass waste fern leaves as a material for a sustainable method of activated carbon production for CO 2 capture
- 2023
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Ingår i: Biomass and Bioenergy. - 1873-2909 .- 0961-9534. ; 175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, we report the use of activated carbon synthesized from a sustainable material - fern leaves - as a sorbent for carbon dioxide capture applications. The resource-friendly technology for activated carbon production was applied and described. The activated carbons were prepared by chemical and physical activation and carbonization at the same time at the temperature range of 500–900 °C. This method reduces energy consumption and resources. KOH and CO2 were used as activating agents. The evaluation of the CO2 adsorption ability of the activated carbon was supported by different methods including: elemental analysis using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, ash content, surface area and porosity measurements, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Results indicated that the optimum temperature of the synthesis was 700 °C. The highest achieved adsorption of CO2 was equal to 6.77 mmol/g and 3.58 mmol/g at 0 °C and 25 °C, respectively. The activated carbons synthesized from fern leaves showed high CO2 adsorption and selectivity. Moreover, the abundance and low cost of fern leaves make them very promising carbon sources for CO2 sorbents production.
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| 10. |
- Serafin, Jarosław, et al.
(författare)
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Design of highly microporous activated carbons based on walnut shell biomass for H2 and CO2 storage
- 2023
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Ingår i: Carbon. - : Elsevier BV. - 0008-6223. ; 201, s. 633-647
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low-cost walnut shell-based carbons with high microporosity were prepared by simple one-step carbonization with chemical activation using KOH, exhibiting the promising potential to be a very good CO2 and H2 adsorbent. The physicochemical properties of the obtained carbons were characterized by N2 and CO2 adsorption isotherms, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and elemental analysis. The activated carbon AC-800 was characterized by a highly developed specific surface area of 1868 cm2/g and a high micropore content of 0.94 cm3/g. It highly exhibited CO2 uptake in 1 bar was up to 9.54, 5.17, 4.33 mmol/g for 0, 25 and 40 °C, respectively. In addition, the H2 storage capacity was 3.15 mmol/g at 40 bars. Significantly, confirmed an exceptionally high dependency of CO2 and H2 uptake vs micropores structure of activated carbon. AC-800 also shows good selectivity for CO2/N2 and fast adsorption kinetics that be easily regenerated with superior cyclic stability after multiple cycles The experimental isotherm data of activated carbon produced from walnut shells were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Sips, and Toth isotherm equations. The fitting details showed that the multitemperature Toth equation is a powerful tool to mathematically represent CO2 and H2 isotherms on activated carbon. The easy way of preparation and high capture abilities endow this kind of activated carbon attractive as a promising adsorbent for CO2 and H2 storage.
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