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- Falchi, M., et al.
(författare)
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Low copy number of the salivary amylase gene predisposes to obesity
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 46:5, s. 492-497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Common multi-allelic copy number variants (CNVs) appear enriched for phenotypic associations compared to their biallelic counterparts. Here we investigated the influence of gene dosage effects on adiposity through a CNV association study of gene expression levels in adipose tissue. We identified significant association of a multi-allelic CNV encompassing the salivary amylase gene (AMY1) with body mass index (BMI) and obesity, and we replicated this finding in 6,200 subjects. Increased AMY1 copy number was positively associated with both amylase gene expression (P = 2.31 × 10-14) and serum enzyme levels (P < 2.20 × 10-16), whereas reduced AMY1 copy number was associated with increased BMI (change in BMI per estimated copy =-0.15 (0.02) kg/m 2; P = 6.93 × 10-10) and obesity risk (odds ratio (OR) per estimated copy = 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13-1.26; P = 1.46 × 10-10). The OR value of 1.19 per copy of AMY1 translates into about an eightfold difference in risk of obesity between subjects in the top (copy number > 9) and bottom (copy number < 4) 10% of the copy number distribution. Our study provides a first genetic link between carbohydrate metabolism and BMI and demonstrates the power of integrated genomic approaches beyond genome-wide association studies. © 2014 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.
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2. |
- Modaresi, M., et al.
(författare)
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Efficient optimization of a Yagi-Uda antenna using genetic algorithm
- 2017
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Ingår i: ANTEM 2005 - 11th International Symposium on Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics, Conference Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9780973842500
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, Yagi-Uda antenna is studied and analyzed considering a single mode cosine current distribution on all elements. A classical approach is taken for the analysis, by viewing Yagi antenna as a center-driven dipole array in which all but the actual exciter element are short-circuited at the terminals. Currents are induced in the elements via the mutual impedances, and radiation occurs as from a set of discrete sources. The mutual impedance matrix of the array is calculated using the induced EMF method and integral equations for the electric field. This analysis has led to a fast and efficient code to calculate Yagi parameters. The validity of the results has been checked with a MoM solution using NEC2 and good agreement has been observed. Then, the code is used together with a genetic algorithm in order to optimize Yagi-Uda antenna for gain maximization. A 31-element high gain Yagi with 19.2dB gain and the gain bandwidth of 8 percent is derived. Also the Pareto fronts are plotted for Yagi antennas with different number of elements which shows the trade off between the directivity and front to back lobe(F/B) ratio.
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