| 1. |
- Safari, Dodi, et al.
(författare)
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Gold nanoparticles as carriers for a synthetic Streptococcus pneumoniae type 14 conjugate vaccine
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nanomedicine. - : Future Medicine Ltd. - 1743-5889 .- 1748-6963. ; 7:5, s. 651-662
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Coupling of capsular polysaccharides of pathogens to immunogenic protein carriers (conjugate vaccines) improves carbohydrate immune response. Our idea is to explore gold nanoclusters as carriers to prepare fully synthetic carbohydrate vaccines. Materials & methods: Gold glyconanoparticles bearing a synthetic tetrasaccharide epitope related to the Streptococcus pneumoniae type 14 capsular polysaccharide (Pn14PS), the T-helper ovalbumin 323-339 peptide (OVA(323-339)), and D-glucose were prepared by a one-pot method. Their immunogenicity was tested in mice. Cytokine levels after spleen cell stimulation with OVA(323-339) were analyzed using a luminex-multiplex cytokine assay. The capacity of the evoked antibodies to promote the uptake of S. pneumoniae type 14 by leukocytes was assessed. Results & discussion: Glyconanoparticles containing 45% of tetrasaccharide and 5% OVA(323-339) triggered specific anti-Pn14PS IgG antibodies. Cytokine levels confirmed that glyconanoparticles led to T-helper cell activation. The antisaccharide antibodies promoted the phagocytosis of type 14 bacteria by human leukocytes, indicating the functionality of the antibodies. Conclusion: Gold nanoparticles have great potential as carriers for the development of a great diversity of fully synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines.
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| 2. |
- Shan, Yulong, et al.
(författare)
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Lactosamine from lactulose via the Heyns rearrangement : a practical protocol
- 2013
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Ingår i: Tetrahedron Letters. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0040-4039 .- 1359-8562. ; 54:30, s. 3960-3961
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Heyns rearrangement is possibly one of the oldest, easiest and most economic ways to synthesise 2-deoxy-2-amino sugars. Initially reported yields were disappointingly low, but in the late 90s Wrodnigg and Stutz discovered modified reaction conditions that gave substantially increased yields, making the reaction viable on preparative scale. Requiring larger amounts of N-acetyl lactosamine, we utilised the reported reaction conditions and found that additional modifications, especially in the work-up procedure-for example employing rapid filtration of crude diethyl ether precipitates, were necessary to make this approach robust in the research laboratory environment.
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