| 1. |
- Liu, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic and structural relationships of Salmonella O55 and Escherichia coli O103 O-antigens and identification of a 3-hydroxybutanoyltransferase gene involved in the synthesis of a Fuc3N derivative
- 2010
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Ingår i: Glycobiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0959-6658 .- 1460-2423. ; 20:6, s. 679-688
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- O-antigen (O-polysaccharide), a part of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is one of the most variable cell constituents and is related to bacterial virulence. O-antigen diversity is almost entirely due to genetic variations in O-antigen gene clusters. In this study, the O-polysaccharide structures of Salmonella O55 and Escherichia coli O103 were elucidated by chemical analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It was found that the O-polysaccharides have similar pentasaccharide O-units, which differ only in one sugar (glucose versus N-acetylglucosamine) and in the N-acyl group (acetyl versus 3-hydroxybutanoyl) on 3-amino-3,6-dideoxy-d-galactose (d-Fuc3N). The Salmonella O55 antigen gene cluster was sequenced and compared with the E. coli O103 antigen gene cluster reported previously. The two gene clusters were found to share high-level similarity (DNA identity ranges from 53% to 76%), except for two putative acyl transferase genes (fdtC in Salmonella O55 and fdhC in E. coli O103) which show no similarity. Replacement of the fdtC gene in Salmonella O55 with the fdhC gene from E. coli O103 resulted in production of a modified O-antigen, which contains a 3-hydroxybutanoyl derivative of Fuc3N in place of 3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxygalactose. This finding strongly suggests that fdhC is a 3-hydroxybutanoyltransferase gene. The sequence similarity level suggested that the O-antigen gene clusters of Salmonella O55 and E. coli O103 originate from a common ancestor, and this evolutionary relationship is discussed.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Perepelov, Andrei V., et al.
(författare)
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Structure and genetics of the O-antigen of Escherichia coli O169 related to the O-antigen of Shigella boydii type 6
- 2015
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0008-6215 .- 1873-426X. ; 414, s. 46-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The O-polysaccharide (O-antigen) of Escherichia coli O169 was studied by sugar analysis along with 1D and 2D H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopy. The following structure of the branched hexasaccharide repeating unit was established: [GRAPHICS] The O-polysaccharide of E. coli O169 differs from that of Shigella boydii type 6 only in the presence of a side-chain glucose residue. A comparison of the O-antigen biosynthesis gene clusters between the galF to gnd genes in the genomes of the two bacteria revealed their close relationship. The glycosyltransferase gene responsible for the formation of the beta-D-Glcp-(1 -> 6)-alpha-D-Galp linkage in the O-antigen was identified in the gene cluster.
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| 4. |
- Perepelov, Andrei V., et al.
(författare)
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Structures and gene clusters of the closely related O-antigens of Escherichia coli O46 and O134, both containing D-glucuronoyl-D-allothreonine
- 2015
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0008-6215 .- 1873-426X. ; 409, s. 20-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The O-polysaccharides (O-antigens) were isolated by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli O46 and O134. The structures of their linear tetrasaccharide repeating units were established by sugar analysis along with 1D and 2D H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopy: [GRAPHICS] where D-aThr indicates D-allothreonine and R indicates O-acetyl substitution (similar to 70% on aThr and similar to 15% on GalNAc) in E. coli O46 whereas the O-acetylation is absent in E. coli O134. Functions of genes in the essentially identical O-antigen gene clusters of E. coli O46 and O134 were tentatively assigned by a comparison with sequences in available databases and found to be in agreement with the O-polysaccharide structures established.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Phillips, Helen R. P., et al.
(författare)
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Global distribution of earthworm diversity
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 366:6464, s. 480-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil organisms, including earthworms, are a key component of terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about their diversity, their distribution, and the threats affecting them. We compiled a global dataset of sampled earthworm communities from 6928 sites in 57 countries as a basis for predicting patterns in earthworm diversity, abundance, and biomass. We found that local species richness and abundance typically peaked at higher latitudes, displaying patterns opposite to those observed in aboveground organisms. However, high species dissimilarity across tropical locations may cause diversity across the entirety of the tropics to be higher than elsewhere. Climate variables were found to be more important in shaping earthworm communities than soil properties or habitat cover. These findings suggest that climate change may have serious implications for earthworm communities and for the functions they provide.
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| 7. |
- Senchenkova, Sof'ya N., et al.
(författare)
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Structure and gene cluster of the O-antigen of Escherichia coli O165 containing 5-N-acetyl-7-N-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl]pseudaminic acid
- 2016
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Ingår i: Glycobiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0959-6658 .- 1460-2423. ; 26:4, s. 335-342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Upon mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O165, the O-polysaccharide chain was cleaved at the glycosidic linkage of 5-N-acetyl-7-N-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl]pseudaminic acid (Pse5Hb7Ac). Analysis of the resulting linear tetrasaccharide and alkali-treated lipopolysaccharide by 1H/13C 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy enabled elucidation of the following structure of the O-polysaccharide: →8)-α-Psep5Hb7Ac-(2 → 6)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Glсp-(1 → 3)-α-DGlсpNAc-(1→. The β-D-Galp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Glсp-(1 → 3)-D-GlсpNAc structural element is also present in the O-polysaccharide of E. coli O82. The content of the O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O165 was found to be consistent with the O-polysaccharide structure established. Functions of proteins encoded in the gene cluster, including enzymes involved in the Pse5Hb7Ac biosynthesis and glycosyltransferases, were putatively assigned by comparison with sequences in available databases.
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| 8. |
- Shashkov, Alexander S., et al.
(författare)
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Structure elucidation and biosynthesis gene cluster organization of the O-antigen of Escherichia coli O170
- 2015
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0008-6215 .- 1873-426X. ; 417, s. 11-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli are causative agents of diarrhea in humans as well as animals, and E. coli O170 belongs to this virotype. Upon mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of E. coli O170, the branched O-polysaccharide chain was partially cleaved at beta-D-glactofuranosidic linkages to give multiple products, including a linear tetrasaccharide and oligomers thereof. Studies of the acid degradation products and O-deacylated lipopolysaccharide by 1D and 2D H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopy enabled elucidation of the following O-polysaccharide structure: -> 4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1 -> 4)-beta-D-GlcpA-(1 -> 3)-beta-D-Galf-(1 -> 3)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1 -> [GRAPHICS] beta-D-Galf Functions of genes in the O-antigen biosynthesis gene cluster were tentatively assigned and found to be in agreement with the O-polysaccharide structure.
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| 9. |
- Shashkov, Alexander S., et al.
(författare)
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Structure of the O-polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O132
- 2016
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Research. - : Elsevier Ltd.. - 0008-6215 .- 1873-426X. ; 427, s. 44-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O132 released its O-polysaccharide. Analysis by 1D and 2D H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopy prior and subsequent to O-deacetylation, in conjunction with sugar analysis, revealed a linear pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide having the following structure: -> 2)-alpha-D-Galf-(1 -> 3)-alpha-L-Rhap2Ac-(1 -> 4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 2)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1 -> 3)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1 -> Putative functions of genes in the O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O132 are consistent with the O-polysaccharide structure.
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