| 1. |
- Dong, Yidan, et al.
(författare)
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Association between long-term static postures exposure and musculoskeletal disorders among university employees : A viewpoint of inflammatory pathways
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers In Public Health. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 2296-2565. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are critical occupational and social problems. With the improvement of production mechanization and automation, and the widespread application of computers, more occupations are exposed to static postures and load. This study explored the role of inflammation in the association between static postures exposure and MSDs. MethodsThis study adopted a prospective nested case-control design in which 66 lower back MSDs cases and 66 healthy controls were selected from a cohort study of university employees. The personal information, postural load, musculoskeletal symptoms, pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), and inflammatory cytokines were collected. Logistic and linear regressions were used to investigate the association among postural load, inflammatory cytokines, and lower back MSDs. Mediation analysis was used to calculate the mediation effect. ResultsThe results of logistic and linear regressions showed that postural load and inflammatory cytokines were positively associated with lower back MSDs (P < 0.05), and postural load was positively associated with inflammatory cytokines (P < 0.05). Further, mediation analysis showed that the mediation effect of postural load on the lower back MSDs through TNF-alpha was 0.073 (95%CI: 0.025-0.128), and the mediation effect of posture load on the lower back MSDs through IL-6 was 0.098 (95%CI: 0.041-0.179), respectively. ConclusionStatic postures were associated with the occurrence of MSDs through inflammatory cytokines, and low-level inflammation may be a critical early event in the generation of MSDs. This study may help bridge the gap of potential mechanisms linking static postures to increased risks of MSDs, and provide new evidence for targeted protection against the global increasing MSDs.
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| 2. |
- Kuklane, Kalev, et al.
(författare)
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Interlaboratory tests on thermal foot models
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A limited Round Robin test has been carried out with different types of foot models. Eight laboratories were able to carry out tests. The foot models varied in sizes from 254 mm to 275 mm, representing boot sizes from 41 to 44. Six other laboratories were interested but were not able to carry out the tests within this study. A database has been created. New test results from other test laboratories and on other footwear can be added later on. The test series were carried out under standardised conditions in each laboratory. Ten (10) test conditions were recommended. All conditions had to be tested twice. Tests with bare foot and sock were carried out at about +20 °C and 50 % RH. The boots, a thin rubber and a winter boot, were tested at about +5 °C and 85 % RH. The conditioning was done at 20±2 °C and 35±5 % RH. Air velocity was kept low (<0.3 m/s). Wet tests included simulation of sweating by supplying water to the foot skin at a rate of 5 g/h/foot. Generally, 6 conditions were tested at most laboratories. The test series can be used as a basis for applying for a project further on that eventually would aim to suggest changes in existing European standard (EN 344) or propose a new (international) standard on footwear thermal testing. Relatively big inter-laboratory differences in measuring results were obtained. The differences were smaller for total insulation values but could be more than 30 % for local zones. Most of the differences would be explained by climatic conditions, construction of foot, measuring principle a.o. More elaborate comparative tests under different conditions and with more types of footwear need to be done. The effects of differences in model construction etc. should be analysed further. For standard use it is important to determine which zones should be included in the total insulation calculation and which zones should be reported separately, e.g. sole area. The foot construction, the conditions, measurements and calculations for wet tests should be more clearly defined.
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| 3. |
- Kuklane, Kalev, et al.
(författare)
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Interlaboratory tests on thermal foot models
- 2005
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Ingår i: Environmental Ergonomics - The Ergonomics of Human Comfort, Health, and Performance in the Thermal Environment (Elsevier Ergonomics Book Series). - 0080444660 ; 3, s. 449-457
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A limited Round Robin test has been carried out with different types of foot models. Eight laboratories carried out the tests. The foot models varied in sizes from 254 to 275 mm, representing boot sizes from 41 to 44. Tests with both a bare foot and sock were carried out at about +20 °C and 50% RH. The boots, a thin rubber and a winter boot, were tested at about +5 °C and 85% RH. The conditioning was done at 20 +/- 2 °C and 35 +/- 5% RH. Air velocity was kept low (,0.3 m/s). Wet tests included simulation of sweating by supplying water to the foot skin at a rate of 5 g/h/foot. Relatively big inter-laboratory differences in measuring results were obtained. The differences were smaller for total insulation values but could be over 30% for local zones. More elaborate comparative tests under different conditions and with more types of footwear need to be done. The effects of differences due to model construction, etc., should be analysed further. For standard use it is important to determine which zones should be included in the total insulation calculation and which zones should be reported separately, e.g. sole area. The foot construction, and the conditions, measurements and calculations for wet tests should be more clearly defined.
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